音高集合列表：修订间差异

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2024年2月11日 (日) 09:19的版本

這是按Forte編號（英语：Forte number）分類的音高集合列表。^[1]

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

This is a list of set classes by Forte number（英语：Forte number）.^[2] For a list of ordered collections, see: list of tone rows and series（英语：list of tone rows and series）.

Sets are listed next to their complements（英语：Complement (music)）. 转位 are marked "B" (sets not marked "A" or "B" are 對稱). "T" and "E" are conventionally used in sets to notate 10 and 11, respectively, as single characters.

There are two slightly different methods of obtaining a normal form.^[a] This results in two different normal form sets for the same Forte number in a few cases. The alternative notation for those chords are listed in the footnotes.^[4]^[5]

艾略特·卡特 had earlier (1960–67) produced a numbered listing of pitch class sets, or "chords", as Carter referred to them, for his own use.^[6]^[7] Donald Martino（英语：Donald Martino） had produced tables of hexachord（英语：hexachord）s, tetrachord（英语：tetrachord）s, trichord（英语：trichord）s, and pentachord（英语：pentachord）s for combinatoriality（英语：combinatoriality） in his article, "The Source Set and its Aggregate Formations" (1961).^[8]

列表

Forte編號（英语：Forte number）	質數形式	區間向量	Carter編號（英语：Carter number）	聲音	可能間距	Forte編號（英语：Forte number）	質數形式	區間向量	Carter編號（英语：Carter number）	聲音	可能間距
0-1	[]	<0,0,0,0,0,0>			空集	12-1	[0,1,2,3,4,5, 6,7,8,9,T,E]	<C,C,C,C,C,6>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	aggregate（英语：aggregate (music)）
1-1	[0]	<0,0,0,0,0,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	純一度, 八度	11-1	[0,1,2,3,4,5, 6,7,8,9,T]	<T,T,T,T,T,5>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
2-1	[0,1]	<1,0,0,0,0,0>	1	試聽聲音^ⓘ	半音, 大七度	10-1	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,7,8,9]	<9,8,8,8,8,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
2-2	[0,2]	<0,1,0,0,0,0>	2	試聽聲音^ⓘ	大二度, 小七度	10-2	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,7,8,T]	<8,9,8,8,8,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
2-3	[0,3]	<0,0,1,0,0,0>	3	試聽聲音^ⓘ	小三度, 大六度	10-3	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,7,9,T]	<8,8,9,8,8,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
2-4	[0,4]	<0,0,0,1,0,0>	4	試聽聲音^ⓘ	大三度, 小六度	10-4	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,8,9,T]	<8,8,8,9,8,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
2-5	[0,5]	<0,0,0,0,1,0>	5	試聽聲音^ⓘ	純四度, 纯五度	10-5	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,7,8,9,T]	<8,8,8,8,9,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
2-6	[0,6]	<0,0,0,0,0,1>	6	試聽聲音^ⓘ	A4, 增四度	10-6	[0,1,2,3,4, 6,7,8,9,T]	<8,8,8,8,8,5>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-1	[0,1,2]	<2,1,0,0,0,0>	4	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-1	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,7,8]	<8,7,6,6,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-2A	[0,1,3]	<1,1,1,0,0,0>	12	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-2A	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,7,9]	<7,7,7,6,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-2B	[0,2,3]	<1,1,1,0,0,0>	12	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-2B	[0,2,3,4,5, 6,7,8,9]	<7,7,7,6,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-3A	[0,1,4]	<1,0,1,1,0,0>	11	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-3B	[0,1,3,4, 5,6,7,8,9]	<7,6,7,7,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-3B	[0,3,4]	<1,0,1,1,0,0>	11	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-3A	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,8,9]	<7,6,7,7,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-4A	[0,1,5]	<1,0,0,1,1,0>	9	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-4B	[0,1,2,4,5, 6,7,8,9]	<7,6,6,7,7,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-4B	[0,4,5]	<1,0,0,1,1,0>	9	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-4A	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,7,8,9]	<7,6,6,7,7,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-5A	[0,1,6]	<1,0,0,0,1,1>	7	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Viennese trichord（英语：Viennese trichord）	9-5B	[0,1,2,3,5, 6,7,8,9]	<7,6,6,6,7,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-5B	[0,5,6]	<1,0,0,0,1,1>	7	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-5A	[0,1,2,3,4, 6,7,8,9]	<7,6,6,6,7,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-6	[0,2,4]	<0,2,0,1,0,0>	3	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-6	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,6,8,T]	<6,8,6,7,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-7A	[0,2,5]	<0,1,1,0,1,0>	10	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-7B	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,7,9,T]	<6,7,7,6,7,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-7B	[0,3,5]	<0,1,1,0,1,0>	10	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Blues trichord (五聲音階 subset)^[9]	9-7A	[0,1,2,3,4, 5,7,8,T]	<6,7,7,6,7,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-8A	[0,2,6]	<0,1,0,1,0,1>	8	試聽聲音^ⓘ	增六和弦	9-8B	[0,1,2,3,4, 6,8,9,T]	<6,7,6,7,6,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-8B	[0,4,6]	<0,1,0,1,0,1>	8	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	9-8A	[0,1,2,3,4, 6,7,8,T]	<6,7,6,7,6,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-9	[0,2,7]	<0,1,0,0,2,0>	5	試聽聲音^ⓘ	sus. chord（英语：suspended chord）	9-9	[0,1,2,3,5, 6,7,8,T]	<6,7,6,6,8,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	blues scale（英语：Blues scale）
3-10	[0,3,6]	<0,0,2,0,0,1>	2	試聽聲音^ⓘ	減三和弦	9-10	[0,1,2,3,4, 6,7,9,T]	<6,6,8,6,6,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-11A	[0,3,7]	<0,0,1,1,1,0>	6	試聽聲音^ⓘ	小三和弦	9-11B	[0,1,2,3,5, 6,8,9,T]	<6,6,7,7,7,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-11B	[0,4,7]	<0,0,1,1,1,0>	6	試聽聲音^ⓘ	大三和弦	9-11A	[0,1,2,3,5, 6,7,9,T]	<6,6,7,7,7,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
3-12	[0,4,8]	<0,0,0,3,0,0>	1	試聽聲音^ⓘ	增三和弦	9-12	[0,1,2,4,5, 6,8,9,T]	<6,6,6,9,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-1	[0,1,2,3]	<3,2,1,0,0,0>	1	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-1	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,6,7]	<7,6,5,4,4,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-2A	[0,1,2,4]	<2,2,1,1,0,0>	17	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-2B	[0,2,3,4, 5,6,7,8]	<6,6,5,5,4,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-2B	[0,2,3,4]	<2,2,1,1,0,0>	17	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-2A	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,6,8]	<6,6,5,5,4,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-3	[0,1,3,4]	<2,1,2,1,0,0>	9	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-3	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,6,9]	<6,5,6,5,4,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-4A	[0,1,2,5]	<2,1,1,1,1,0>	20	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-4B	[0,1,3,4, 5,6,7,8]	<6,5,5,5,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-4B	[0,3,4,5]	<2,1,1,1,1,0>	20	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-4A	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,7,8]	<6,5,5,5,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-5A	[0,1,2,6]	<2,1,0,1,1,1>	22	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-5B	[0,1,2,4, 5,6,7,8]	<6,5,4,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-5B	[0,4,5,6]	<2,1,0,1,1,1>	22	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-5A	[0,1,2,3, 4,6,7,8]	<6,5,4,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-6	[0,1,2,7]	<2,1,0,0,2,1>	6	試聽聲音^ⓘ	dream chord（英语：dream chord）	8-6	[0,1,2,3, 5,6,7,8]	<6,5,4,4,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-7	[0,1,4,5]	<2,0,1,2,1,0>	8	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-7	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,8,9]	<6,4,5,6,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-8	[0,1,5,6]	<2,0,0,1,2,1>	10	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-8	[0,1,2,3, 4,7,8,9]	<6,4,4,5,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-9	[0,1,6,7]	<2,0,0,0,2,2>	2	試聽聲音^ⓘ	distance model（英语：distance model）	8-9	[0,1,2,3, 6,7,8,9]	<6,4,4,4,6,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-10	[0,2,3,5]	<1,2,2,0,1,0>	3	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-10	[0,2,3,4, 5,6,7,9]	<5,6,6,4,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-11A	[0,1,3,5]	<1,2,1,1,1,0>	26	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-11B	[0,2,4,5, 6,7,8,9]	<5,6,5,5,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-11B	[0,2,4,5]	<1,2,1,1,1,0>	26	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-11A	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,7,9]	<5,6,5,5,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-12A	[0,2,3,6]	<1,1,2,1,0,1>	28	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-12A	[0,1,3,4, 5,6,7,9]	<5,5,6,5,4,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-12B	[0,3,4,6]	<1,1,2,1,0,1>	28	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-12B	[0,2,3,4, 5,6,8,9]	<5,5,6,5,4,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-13A	[0,1,3,6]	<1,1,2,0,1,1>	7	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-13B	[0,2,3,5, 6,7,8,9]	<5,5,6,4,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-13B	[0,3,5,6]	<1,1,2,0,1,1>	7	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-13A	[0,1,2,3, 4,6,7,9]	<5,5,6,4,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-14A	[0,2,3,7]	<1,1,1,1,2,0>	25	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-14A	[0,1,2,4, 5,6,7,9]	<5,5,5,5,6,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-14B	[0,4,5,7]	<1,1,1,1,2,0>	25	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-14B	[0,2,3,4, 5,7,8,9]	<5,5,5,5,6,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-z15A	[0,1,4,6]	<1,1,1,1,1,1>	18	試聽聲音^ⓘ	all-interval tetrachord（英语：all-interval tetrachord）	8-z15B	[0,1,3,5, 6,7,8,9]	<5,5,5,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-z15B	[0,2,5,6]	<1,1,1,1,1,1>	18	試聽聲音^ⓘ	all-interval tetrachord（英语：all-interval tetrachord）	8-z15A	[0,1,2,3, 4,6,8,9]	<5,5,5,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-16A	[0,1,5,7]	<1,1,0,1,2,1>	19	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-16B	[0,1,2,4, 6,7,8,9]	<5,5,4,5,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-16B	[0,2,6,7]	<1,1,0,1,2,1>	19	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-16A	[0,1,2,3, 5,7,8,9]	<5,5,4,5,6,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-17	[0,3,4,7]	<1,0,2,2,1,0>	13	試聽聲音^ⓘ	alpha chord（英语：alpha chord）	8-17	[0,1,3,4, 5,6,8,9]	<5,4,6,6,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-18A	[0,1,4,7]	<1,0,2,1,1,1>	21	試聽聲音^ⓘ	dim. M7 chord（英语：Diminished major seventh chord）	8-18B	[0,1,3,4, 6,7,8,9]	<5,4,6,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-18B	[0,3,6,7]	<1,0,2,1,1,1>	21	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-18A	[0,1,2,3, 5,6,8,9]	<5,4,6,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-19A	[0,1,4,8]	<1,0,1,3,1,0>	24	試聽聲音^ⓘ	mM7 chord（英语：Minor major seventh chord）	8-19B	[0,1,3,4, 5,7,8,9]	<5,4,5,7,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-19B	[0,3,4,8]	<1,0,1,3,1,0>	24	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-19A	[0,1,2,4, 5,6,8,9]	<5,4,5,7,5,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-20	[0,1,5,8]	<1,0,1,2,2,0>	15	試聽聲音^ⓘ	大七和弦	8-20	[0,1,2,4, 5,7,8,9]	<5,4,5,6,6,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-21	[0,2,4,6]	<0,3,0,2,0,1>	11	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-21	[0,1,2,3, 4,6,8,T]	<4,7,4,6,4,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-22A	[0,2,4,7]	<0,2,1,1,2,0>	27	試聽聲音^ⓘ	史提利·丹	8-22B	[0,1,2,3, 5,7,9,T]	<4,6,5,5,6,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-22B	[0,3,5,7]	<0,2,1,1,2,0>	27	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	8-22A	[0,1,2,3, 5,6,8,T]	<4,6,5,5,6,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-23	[0,2,5,7]	<0,2,1,0,3,0>	4	試聽聲音^ⓘ	quartal chord（英语：quartal chord）	8-23	[0,1,2,3, 5,7,8,T]	<4,6,5,4,7,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	bebop scale（英语：bebop scale）
4-24	[0,2,4,8]	<0,2,0,3,0,1>	16	試聽聲音^ⓘ	A7 chord（英语：Augmented seventh chord）	8-24	[0,1,2,4, 5,6,8,T]	<4,6,4,7,4,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-25	[0,2,6,8]	<0,2,0,2,0,2>	12	試聽聲音^ⓘ	增六和弦	8-25	[0,1,2,4, 6,7,8,T]	<4,6,4,6,4,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-26	[0,3,5,8]	<0,1,2,1,2,0>	14	試聽聲音^ⓘ	小七和弦	8-26	[0,1,3,4, 5,7,8,T]^[b]	<4,5,6,5,6,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-27A	[0,2,5,8]	<0,1,2,1,1,1>	29	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Half-diminished seventh chord（英语：Half-diminished seventh chord）	8-27B	[0,1,2,4, 6,7,9,T]	<4,5,6,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-27B	[0,3,6,8]	<0,1,2,1,1,1>	29	試聽聲音^ⓘ	属七和弦	8-27A	[0,1,2,4, 5,7,8,T]	<4,5,6,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-28	[0,3,6,9]	<0,0,4,0,0,2>	5	試聽聲音^ⓘ	dim. 7th chord（英语：Diminished seventh chord）	8-28	[0,1,3,4, 6,7,9,T]	<4,4,8,4,4,4>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	octatonic scale
4-z29A	[0,1,3,7]	<1,1,1,1,1,1>	23	試聽聲音^ⓘ	all-interval tetrachord（英语：all-interval tetrachord）	8-z29B	[0,2,3,4, 6,7,8,9]	<5,5,5,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
4-z29B	[0,4,6,7]	<1,1,1,1,1,1>	23	試聽聲音^ⓘ	all-interval tetrachord（英语：all-interval tetrachord）	8-z29A	[0,1,2,3, 5,6,7,9]	<5,5,5,5,5,3>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-1	[0,1,2,3,4]	<4,3,2,1,0,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-1	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,6]	<6,5,4,3,2,1>	1	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-2A	[0,1,2,3,5]	<3,3,2,1,1,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-2B	[0,2,3,4, 5,6,7]	<5,5,4,3,3,1>	11	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-2B	[0,2,3,4,5]	<3,3,2,1,1,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-2A	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,7]	<5,5,4,3,3,1>	11	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-3A	[0,1,2,4,5]	<3,2,2,2,1,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-3B	[0,3,4,5, 6,7,8]	<5,4,4,4,3,1>	14	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-3B	[0,1,3,4,5]	<3,2,2,2,1,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-3A	[0,1,2,3, 4,5,8]	<5,4,4,4,3,1>	14	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-4A	[0,1,2,3,6]	<3,2,2,1,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-4B	[0,1,3,4, 5,6,7]	<5,4,4,3,3,2>	12	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-4B	[0,3,4,5,6]	<3,2,2,1,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-4A	[0,1,2,3, 4,6,7]	<5,4,4,3,3,2>	12	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-5A	[0,1,2,3,7]	<3,2,1,1,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-5B	[0,1,2,4, 5,6,7]	<5,4,3,3,4,2>	13	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-5B	[0,4,5,6,7]	<3,2,1,1,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-5A	[0,1,2,3, 5,6,7]	<5,4,3,3,4,2>	13	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-6A	[0,1,2,5,6]	<3,1,1,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-6B	[0,1,4,5, 6,7,8]	<5,3,3,4,4,2>	27	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-6B	[0,1,4,5,6]	<3,1,1,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-6A	[0,1,2,3, 4,7,8]	<5,3,3,4,4,2>	27	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-7A	[0,1,2,6,7]	<3,1,0,1,3,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-7B	[0,1,2,5, 6,7,8]	<5,3,2,3,5,3>	30	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-7B	[0,1,5,6,7]	<3,1,0,1,3,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-7A	[0,1,2,3, 6,7,8]	<5,3,2,3,5,3>	30	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-8	[0,2,3,4,6]	<2,3,2,2,0,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-8	[0,2,3,4, 5,6,8]	<4,5,4,4,2,2>	2	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-9A	[0,1,2,4,6]	<2,3,1,2,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-9B	[0,2,4,5, 6,7,8]	<4,5,3,4,3,2>	15	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-9B	[0,2,4,5,6]	<2,3,1,2,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-9A	[0,1,2,3, 4,6,8]	<4,5,3,4,3,2>	15	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-10A	[0,1,3,4,6]	<2,2,3,1,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-10B	[0,2,3,4, 5,6,9]	<4,4,5,3,3,2>	19	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-10B	[0,2,3,5,6]	<2,2,3,1,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-10A	[0,1,2,3, 4,6,9]	<4,4,5,3,3,2>	19	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-11A	[0,2,3,4,7]	<2,2,2,2,2,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-11B	[0,2,3,4, 5,7,8]	<4,4,4,4,4,1>	18	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-11B	[0,3,4,5,7]	<2,2,2,2,2,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-11A	[0,1,3,4, 5,6,8]	<4,4,4,4,4,1>	18	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-z12	[0,1,3,5,6]	<2,2,2,1,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-z12	[0,1,2,3, 4,7,9]	<4,4,4,3,4,2>	5	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-13A	[0,1,2,4,8]	<2,2,1,3,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-13B	[0,2,3,4, 6,7,8]	<4,4,3,5,3,2>	17	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-13B	[0,2,3,4,8]	<2,2,1,3,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-13A	[0,1,2,4, 5,6,8]	<4,4,3,5,3,2>	17	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-14A	[0,1,2,5,7]	<2,2,1,1,3,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-14B	[0,1,3,5, 6,7,8]	<4,4,3,3,5,2>	28	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-14B	[0,2,5,6,7]	<2,2,1,1,3,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-14A	[0,1,2,3, 5,7,8]	<4,4,3,3,5,2>	28	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-15	[0,1,2,6,8]	<2,2,0,2,2,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-15	[0,1,2,4, 6,7,8]	<4,4,2,4,4,3>	4	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-16A	[0,1,3,4,7]	<2,1,3,2,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-16B	[0,1,3,4, 5,6,9]	<4,3,5,4,3,2>	20	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-16B	[0,3,4,6,7]	<2,1,3,2,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-16A	[0,1,2,3, 5,6,9]	<4,3,5,4,3,2>	20	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-z17	[0,1,3,4,8]	<2,1,2,3,2,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	Farben chord（英语：Farben chord）	7-z17	[0,1,2,4, 5,6,9]	<4,3,4,5,4,1>	10	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-z18A	[0,1,4,5,7]	<2,1,2,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-z18A	[0,1,4,5, 6,7,9]^[c]	<4,3,4,4,4,2>	35	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-z18B	[0,2,3,6,7]	<2,1,2,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-z18B	[0,1,4,6, 7,8,9]	<4,3,4,4,4,2>	35	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-19A	[0,1,3,6,7]	<2,1,2,1,2,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-19B	[0,1,2,3, 6,8,9]	<4,3,4,3,4,3>	31	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-19B	[0,1,4,6,7]	<2,1,2,1,2,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-19A	[0,1,2,3, 6,7,9]	<4,3,4,3,4,3>	31	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-20A	[0,1,5,6,8]^[d]	<2,1,1,2,3,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-20B	[0,1,2,5, 7,8,9]	<4,3,3,4,5,2>	34	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-20B	[0,2,3,7,8]	<2,1,1,2,3,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	In scale（英语：In scale）	7-20A	[0,1,2,5, 6,7,9]^[e]	<4,3,3,4,5,2>	34	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Persian scale（英语：Persian scale）
5-21A	[0,1,4,5,8]	<2,0,2,4,2,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-21B	[0,1,3,4, 5,8,9]	<4,2,4,6,4,1>	21	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-21B	[0,3,4,7,8]	<2,0,2,4,2,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-21A	[0,1,2,4, 5,8,9]	<4,2,4,6,4,1>	21	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-22	[0,1,4,7,8]	<2,0,2,3,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-22	[0,1,2,5, 6,8,9]	<4,2,4,5,4,2>	8	試聽聲音^ⓘ	double harmonic scale（英语：double harmonic scale）
5-23A	[0,2,3,5,7]	<1,3,2,1,3,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-23B	[0,2,4,5, 6,7,9]	<3,5,4,3,5,1>	25	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-23B	[0,2,4,5,7]	<1,3,2,1,3,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-23A	[0,2,3,4, 5,7,9]	<3,5,4,3,5,1>	25	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-24A	[0,1,3,5,7]	<1,3,1,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-24B	[0,2,4,6, 7,8,9]	<3,5,3,4,4,2>	22	試聽聲音^ⓘ	enigmatic scale（英语：enigmatic scale）
5-24B	[0,2,4,6,7]	<1,3,1,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-24A	[0,1,2,3, 5,7,9]	<3,5,3,4,4,2>	22	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-25A	[0,2,3,5,8]	<1,2,3,1,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	Seven six chord（英语：Seven six chord）	7-25B	[0,2,3,5, 6,7,9]	<3,4,5,3,4,2>	24	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-25B	[0,3,5,6,8]	<1,2,3,1,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-25A	[0,2,3,4, 6,7,9]	<3,4,5,3,4,2>	24	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-26A	[0,2,4,5,8]	<1,2,2,3,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-26A	[0,1,3,4, 5,7,9]	<3,4,4,5,3,2>	26	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-26B	[0,3,4,6,8]	<1,2,2,3,1,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-26B	[0,2,4,5, 6,8,9]	<3,4,4,5,3,2>	26	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-27A	[0,1,3,5,8]	<1,2,2,2,3,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-27B	[0,2,4,5, 7,8,9]	<3,4,4,4,5,1>	23	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-27B	[0,3,5,7,8]	<1,2,2,2,3,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-27A	[0,1,2,4, 5,7,9]	<3,4,4,4,5,1>	23	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-28A	[0,2,3,6,8]	<1,2,2,2,1,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-28A	[0,1,3,5, 6,7,9]	<3,4,4,4,3,3>	36	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-28B	[0,2,5,6,8]	<1,2,2,2,1,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-28B	[0,2,3,4, 6,8,9]	<3,4,4,4,3,3>	36	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-29A	[0,1,3,6,8]	<1,2,2,1,3,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-29B	[0,2,3,5, 7,8,9]	<3,4,4,3,5,2>	32	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-29B	[0,2,5,7,8]	<1,2,2,1,3,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-29A	[0,1,2,4, 6,7,9]	<3,4,4,3,5,2>	32	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-30A	[0,1,4,6,8]	<1,2,1,3,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-30B	[0,1,3,5, 7,8,9]	<3,4,3,5,4,2>	37	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-30B	[0,2,4,7,8]	<1,2,1,3,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-30A	[0,1,2,4, 6,8,9]	<3,4,3,5,4,2>	37	試聽聲音^ⓘ	minor Neapolitan scale（英语：minor Neapolitan scale）
5-31A	[0,1,3,6,9]	<1,1,4,1,1,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	beta chord	7-31B	[0,2,3,5, 6,8,9]	<3,3,6,3,3,3>	38	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-31B	[0,2,3,6,9]	<1,1,4,1,1,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	Dominant minor ninth chord（英语：Dominant minor ninth chord）	7-31A	[0,1,3,4, 6,7,9]	<3,3,6,3,3,3>	38	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Hungarian major scale（英语：Hungarian major scale）
5-32A	[0,1,4,6,9]	<1,1,3,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-32B	[0,1,3,5, 6,8,9]	<3,3,5,4,4,2>	33	試聽聲音^ⓘ	和声大调
5-32B	[0,3,5,8,9]	<1,1,3,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	Elektra chord（英语：Elektra chord）, gamma chord（英语：gamma chord）	7-32A	[0,1,3,4, 6,8,9]	<3,3,5,4,4,2>	33	試聽聲音^ⓘ	harmonic minor scale（英语：harmonic minor scale）
5-33	[0,2,4,6,8]	<0,4,0,4,0,2>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-33	[0,1,2,4, 6,8,T]	<2,6,2,6,2,3>	6	試聽聲音^ⓘ	M Locrian scale（英语：Major Locrian scale）
5-34	[0,2,4,6,9]	<0,3,2,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	Dominant ninth chord	7-34	[0,1,3,4, 6,8,T]	<2,5,4,4,4,2>	9	試聽聲音^ⓘ	altered scale（英语：altered scale）
5-35	[0,2,4,7,9]	<0,3,2,1,4,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	五聲音階	7-35	[0,1,3,5, 6,8,T]	<2,5,4,3,6,1>	7	試聽聲音^ⓘ	自然音阶
5-z36A	[0,1,2,4,7]	<2,2,2,1,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-z36B	[0,2,3,5, 6,7,8]	<4,4,4,3,4,2>	16	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-z36B	[0,3,5,6,7]	<2,2,2,1,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-z36A	[0,1,2,3, 5,6,8]	<4,4,4,3,4,2>	16	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-z37	[0,3,4,5,8]	<2,1,2,3,2,0>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-z37	[0,1,3,4, 5,7,8]	<4,3,4,5,4,1>	3	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-z38A	[0,1,2,5,8]	<2,1,2,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-z38B	[0,1,3,4, 6,7,8]	<4,3,4,4,4,2>	29	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
5-z38B	[0,3,6,7,8]	<2,1,2,2,2,1>		試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	7-z38A	[0,1,2,4, 5,7,8]	<4,3,4,4,4,2>	29	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-1	[0,1,2,3,4,5]	<5,4,3,2,1,0>	4	試聽聲音^ⓘ	chromatic hexachord（英语：chromatic hexachord）
6-2A	[0,1,2,3,4,6]	<4,4,3,2,1,1>	19	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-2B	[0,2,3,4,5,6]	<4,4,3,2,1,1>	19	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z3A	[0,1,2,3,5,6]	<4,3,3,2,2,1>	49	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z36B	[0,3,4,5,6,7]	<4,3,3,2,2,1>	50	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z3B	[0,1,3,4,5,6]	<4,3,3,2,2,1>	49	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z36A	[0,1,2,3,4,7]	<4,3,3,2,2,1>	50	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z4	[0,1,2,4,5,6]	<4,3,2,3,2,1>	24	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z37	[0,1,2,3,4,8]	<4,3,2,3,2,1>	23	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-5A	[0,1,2,3,6,7]	<4,2,2,2,3,2>	16	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-5B	[0,1,4,5,6,7]	<4,2,2,2,3,2>	16	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z6	[0,1,2,5,6,7]	<4,2,1,2,4,2>	33	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z38	[0,1,2,3,7,8]	<4,2,1,2,4,2>	34	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-7	[0,1,2,6,7,8]	<4,2,0,2,4,3>	7	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-8	[0,2,3,4,5,7]	<3,4,3,2,3,0>	5	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-9A	[0,1,2,3,5,7]	<3,4,2,2,3,1>	20	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-9B	[0,2,4,5,6,7]	<3,4,2,2,3,1>	20	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z10A	[0,1,3,4,5,7]	<3,3,3,3,2,1>	42	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z39B	[0,3,4,5,6,8]	<3,3,3,3,2,1>	41	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z10B	[0,2,3,4,6,7]	<3,3,3,3,2,1>	42	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z39A	[0,2,3,4,5,8]	<3,3,3,3,2,1>	41	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z11A	[0,1,2,4,5,7]	<3,3,3,2,3,1>	47	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z40B	[0,3,5,6,7,8]	<3,3,3,2,3,1>	48	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z11B	[0,2,3,5,6,7]	<3,3,3,2,3,1>	47	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Sacher hexachord（英语：Sacher hexachord）	6-z40A	[0,1,2,3,5,8]	<3,3,3,2,3,1>	48	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z12A	[0,1,2,4,6,7]	<3,3,2,2,3,2>	46	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z41B	[0,2,5,6,7,8]	<3,3,2,2,3,2>	45	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z12B	[0,1,3,5,6,7]	<3,3,2,2,3,2>	46	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z41A	[0,1,2,3,6,8]	<3,3,2,2,3,2>	45	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z13	[0,1,3,4,6,7]	<3,2,4,2,2,2>	29	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z42	[0,1,2,3,6,9]	<3,2,4,2,2,2>	30	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-14A	[0,1,3,4,5,8]	<3,2,3,4,3,0>	3	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-14B	[0,3,4,5,7,8]	<3,2,3,4,3,0>	3	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-15A	[0,1,2,4,5,8]	<3,2,3,4,2,1>	13	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-15B	[0,3,4,6,7,8]	<3,2,3,4,2,1>	13	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-16A	[0,1,4,5,6,8]	<3,2,2,4,3,1>	11	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-16B	[0,2,3,4,7,8]	<3,2,2,4,3,1>	11	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z17A	[0,1,2,4,7,8]	<3,2,2,3,3,2>	35	試聽聲音^ⓘ	all-trichord hexachord（英语：all-trichord hexachord）	6-z43B	[0,2,3,6,7,8]	<3,2,2,3,3,2>	36	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z17B	[0,1,4,6,7,8]	<3,2,2,3,3,2>	35	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z43A	[0,1,2,5,6,8]	<3,2,2,3,3,2>	36	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-18A	[0,1,2,5,7,8]	<3,2,2,2,4,2>	17	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-18B	[0,1,3,6,7,8]	<3,2,2,2,4,2>	17	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z19A	[0,1,3,4,7,8]	<3,1,3,4,3,1>	37	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z44B	[0,3,4,7,8,9]	<3,1,3,4,3,1>	38	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z19B	[0,1,4,5,7,8]	<3,1,3,4,3,1>	37	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z44A	[0,1,2,5,6,9]	<3,1,3,4,3,1>	38	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Schoenberg hexachord（英语：Schoenberg hexachord）
6-20	[0,1,4,5,8,9]	<3,0,3,6,3,0>	2	試聽聲音^ⓘ	"Ode-to-Napoleon" hexachord（英语："Ode-to-Napoleon" hexachord）
6-21A	[0,2,3,4,6,8]	<2,4,2,4,1,2>	12	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-21B	[0,2,4,5,6,8]	<2,4,2,4,1,2>	12	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-22A	[0,1,2,4,6,8]	<2,4,1,4,2,2>	10	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-22B	[0,2,4,6,7,8]	<2,4,1,4,2,2>	10	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z23	[0,2,3,5,6,8]	<2,3,4,2,2,2>	27	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z45	[0,2,3,4,6,9]	<2,3,4,2,2,2>	28	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z24A	[0,1,3,4,6,8]	<2,3,3,3,3,1>	39	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z46B	[0,3,5,7,8,9]	<2,3,3,3,3,1>	40	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z24B	[0,2,4,5,7,8]	<2,3,3,3,3,1>	39	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z46A	[0,1,2,4,6,9]	<2,3,3,3,3,1>	40	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z25A	[0,1,3,5,6,8]	<2,3,3,2,4,1>	43	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Major eleventh chord（英语：Major eleventh chord）	6-z47B	[0,2,5,7,8,9]	<2,3,3,2,4,1>	44	試聽聲音^ⓘ	blues scale（英语：Blues scale）
6-z25B	[0,2,3,5,7,8]	<2,3,3,2,4,1>	43	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z47A	[0,1,2,4,7,9]	<2,3,3,2,4,1>	44	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z26	[0,1,3,5,7,8]	<2,3,2,3,4,1>	26	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z48	[0,1,2,5,7,9]	<2,3,2,3,4,1>	25	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-27A	[0,1,3,4,6,9]	<2,2,5,2,2,2>	14	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-27B	[0,3,5,6,8,9]	<2,2,5,2,2,2>	14	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z28	[0,1,3,5,6,9]	<2,2,4,3,2,2>	21	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...	6-z49	[0,1,3,4,7,9]	<2,2,4,3,2,2>	22	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-z29	[0,2,3,6,7,9]^[f]	<2,2,4,2,3,2>	32	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Bridge chord（英语：Bridge chord）	6-z50	[0,1,4,6,7,9]	<2,2,4,2,3,2>	31	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-30A	[0,1,3,6,7,9]	<2,2,4,2,2,3>	15	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-30B	[0,2,3,6,8,9]	<2,2,4,2,2,3>	15	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Petrushka chord（英语：Petrushka chord）
6-31A	[0,1,4,5,7,9]^[g]	<2,2,3,4,3,1>	8	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-31B	[0,2,4,5,8,9]^[h]	<2,2,3,4,3,1>	8	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-32	[0,2,4,5,7,9]	<1,4,3,2,5,0>	6	試聽聲音^ⓘ	diatonic hexachord（英语：diatonic hexachord）
6-33A	[0,2,3,5,7,9]	<1,4,3,2,4,1>	18	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-33B	[0,2,4,6,7,9]	<1,4,3,2,4,1>	18	試聽聲音^ⓘ	Dominant eleventh chord
6-34A	[0,1,3,5,7,9]	<1,4,2,4,2,2>	9	試聽聲音^ⓘ	mystic chord（英语：mystic chord）
6-34B	[0,2,4,6,8,9]	<1,4,2,4,2,2>	9	試聽聲音^ⓘ	...
6-35	[0,2,4,6,8,T]	<0,6,0,6,0,3>	1	試聽聲音^ⓘ	全音音階

參見

和弦列表
Z-relation（英语：Z-relation）

註

^ Forte and Rahn both list 集合 (音乐) as the most left-packed possible version of a set. However, Forte packs from the left and Rahn packs from the right ("making the small numbers smaller," versus making, "the larger numbers ... smaller"^[3]).
^ Forte 8-26: [0,1,2,4,5,7,9,T]
^ Forte 7-z18A: [0,1,2,3,5,8,9]
^ Forte 5-20A: [0,1,3,7,8]
^ Forte 7-20A: [0,1,2,4,7,8,9]
^ Forte 6-z29: [0,1,3,6,8,9]
^ Forte 6-31A: [0,1,3,5,8,9]
^ Forte 6-31B: [0,1,4,6,8,9]

參考

^ 阿伦·福特 (1973). The Structure of Atonal Music. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02120-8.
^ 阿伦·福特 (1973). The Structure of Atonal Music. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02120-8.
^ Nelson, Paul (2004). "Two Algorithms for Computing the Prime Form", ComposerTools.com.
^ Rahn, John (1980). Basic Atonal Theory. New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0028731605.
^ Straus, Joseph N. (1990). Introduction to Post-Tonal Theory. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 9780131898905.
^ Schiff, David (1983/1998). The Music of Elliott Carter.
^ Carter, Elliott (2002). The Harmony Book, "Appendix 1". ISBN 9780825845949.
^ Schuijer, Michael (2008). Analyzing Atonal Music: Pitch-Class Set Theory and Its Contexts, p.97. University of Rochester. ISBN 978-1-58046-270-9.
^ Everett, Walter (2008). The Foundations of Rock, p.169. Oxford. ISBN 9780199718702.

外部鏈接

Solomon, Larry (2005). "The Table of Pitch Class Sets （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", SolomonsMusic.net.
Tucker, Gary (2001). "Table of pc set classes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", A Brief Introduction to Pitch-Class Set Analysis.
Nelson, Paul (2004). "Table of Prime Forms （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", ComposerTools.com.
"PC Set Calculator （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", MtA.Ca.
"Chord Analyzer (PC Set Calculator) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）"

[4] Forte and Rahn both list 集合 (音乐) as the most left-packed possible version of a set. However, Forte packs from the left and Rahn packs from the right ("making the small numbers smaller," versus making, "the larger numbers ... smaller"^[3]).

[11] Forte 8-26: [0,1,2,4,5,7,9,T]

[12] Forte 7-z18A: [0,1,2,3,5,8,9]

[13] Forte 5-20A: [0,1,3,7,8]

[14] Forte 7-20A: [0,1,2,4,7,8,9]

[15] Forte 6-z29: [0,1,3,6,8,9]

[16] Forte 6-31A: [0,1,3,5,8,9]

[17] Forte 6-31B: [0,1,4,6,8,9]

[1] 阿伦·福特 (1973). The Structure of Atonal Music. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02120-8.

[2] 阿伦·福特 (1973). The Structure of Atonal Music. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02120-8.

[Tools-3] Nelson, Paul (2004). "Two Algorithms for Computing the Prime Form", ComposerTools.com.

[5] Rahn, John (1980). Basic Atonal Theory. New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0028731605.

[6] Straus, Joseph N. (1990). Introduction to Post-Tonal Theory. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 9780131898905.

[7] Schiff, David (1983/1998). The Music of Elliott Carter.

[8] Carter, Elliott (2002). The Harmony Book, "Appendix 1". ISBN 9780825845949.

[9] Schuijer, Michael (2008). Analyzing Atonal Music: Pitch-Class Set Theory and Its Contexts, p.97. University of Rochester. ISBN 978-1-58046-270-9.

[10] Everett, Walter (2008). The Foundations of Rock, p.169. Oxford. ISBN 9780199718702.

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	[[File:Set theory 3-1 in the chromatic circle.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.5\|<!--3-1音高集合有2種可能的旋轉或反轉，其正常形式是其最小的餅圖或最緊湊的形式Set 3-1 has three possible rotations/inversions, the normal form of which is the smallest pie or most compact form-->]]		[[File:Set theory 3-1 in the chromatic circle.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.5\|<!--3-1音高集合有2種可能的旋轉或反轉，其正常形式是其最小的餅圖或最緊湊的形式Set 3-1 has three possible rotations/inversions, the normal form of which is the smallest pie or most compact form-->]]