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Draft:精神药物公约：修订间差异

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附表及其中现有物质的清单可在国际麻醉品管制局的网站上找到。 <ref>{{cite tech report |title=List of Psychotropic Substances under International Control |edition=28 |institution=International Narcotics Control Board |date=January 2018 |url=http://www.incb.org/incb/en/psychotropics/green-list.html |access-date=20 March 2018 |archive-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003759/https://www.incb.org/incb/en/psychotropics/green-list.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
附表及其中现有物质的清单可在国际麻醉品管制局的网站上找到。 <ref>{{cite tech report |title=List of Psychotropic Substances under International Control |edition=28 |institution=International Narcotics Control Board |date=January 2018 |url=http://www.incb.org/incb/en/psychotropics/green-list.html |access-date=20 March 2018 |archive-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003759/https://www.incb.org/incb/en/psychotropics/green-list.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


该条约包括了四份受管制物质的附表，从附表一（限制性最强）到附表四（限制性最低）。1971 年条约附有一份精神药物清单及其相应附表。条约的文本描述并未对每个附表中所包含的物质的特征进行正式描述,而不同的是，1970年的美国[[受管制物质法案]]则对美国体系下中的每个附表提供了具体的标准。The [[amphetamine-type stimulants]] (ATS), a legal class of stimulants – not all of which are [[substituted amphetamine]]s – were defined in the 1971 treaty and in subsequent revisions.<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5">{{cite web|title=Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: A Global Review|url=http://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1996-01-01_1.pdf|publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime|access-date=11 September 2015|page=5|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191342/http://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1996-01-01_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2002 European Parliament report and a 1996 UNODC report on ATS describe the international Schedules as listed below.<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" /><ref name="EuroParlReport">{{cite web | author=Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg | date=6 October 2003 | url=http://www.chanvre-info.ch/info/en/Working-document-on-the-UN.html | title=Working document on the UN conventions on drugs | access-date=15 April 2006 | archive-date=4 March 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304091925/http://www.chanvre-info.ch/info/en/Working-document-on-the-UN.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
该条约包括了四份受管制物质的附表，从附表一（限制性最强）到附表四（限制性最低）。1971 年条约附有一份精神药物清单及其相应附表。条约的文本描述并未对每个附表中所包含的物质的特征进行正式描述,而不同的是，1970年的美国[[受管制物质法案]]则对美国体系下中的每个附表提供了具体的标准。<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5">{{cite web|title=Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: A Global Review|url=http://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1996-01-01_1.pdf|publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime|access-date=11 September 2015|page=5|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191342/http://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1996-01-01_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2002 European Parliament report and a 1996 UNODC report on ATS describe the international Schedules as listed below.<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" /> 2002年的一份欧洲议会与1996的一份来自UNODC的就苯丙胺类兴奋剂的报告对国际附表做了如下的描述：<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" /><ref name="EuroParlReport">{{cite web | author=Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg | date=6 October 2003 | url=http://www.chanvre-info.ch/info/en/Working-document-on-the-UN.html | title=Working document on the UN conventions on drugs | access-date=15 April 2006 | archive-date=4 March 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304091925/http://www.chanvre-info.ch/info/en/Working-document-on-the-UN.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="EuroParlReport">{{cite web | author=Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg | date=6 October 2003 | url=http://www.chanvre-info.ch/info/en/Working-document-on-the-UN.html | title=Working document on the UN conventions on drugs | access-date=15 April 2006 | archive-date=4 March 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304091925/http://www.chanvre-info.ch/info/en/Working-document-on-the-UN.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Schedule I''' includes drugs claimed to create a serious risk to public health, whose therapeutic value is not currently acknowledged by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. It includes isomers of [[THC]],<ref>{{cite tech report |title=Outcome of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of the World Health Organization |edition=1018 |institution=[[World Health Organization]] |date=June 2018 |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325073/9789241210270-eng.pdf |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=29 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429162238/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325073/9789241210270-eng.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> synthetic [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]] such as [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]], and natural psychedelics like certain substituted tryptamines. ATS such as [[cathinone]], [[3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine|MDA]], and [[MDMA]] (ecstasy) also fall under this category.<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />
* '''附表 I''' 包括声称对公众健康造成严重威胁的药物，其医疗价值尚未得到麻醉药品委员会的承认。这些物质包括[[四氢大麻酚]]的同分异构体<ref>{{cite tech report |title=Outcome of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of the World Health Organization |edition=1018 |institution=[[World Health Organization]] |date=June 2018 |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325073/9789241210270-eng.pdf |access-date=9 July 2019 |archive-date=29 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429162238/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325073/9789241210270-eng.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，人造[[致幻剂]]诸如[[LSD]]以及天然致幻剂诸如某些色胺取代物 。 苯丙胺类兴奋剂诸如[[卡西酮]]、[[MDA]]，与 [[MDMA]] (摇头丸) 也在此附表之下。<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />
* '''Schedule II''' includes certain ATS with therapeutic uses, such as delta-9-THC (including dronabinol, its synthetic form), [[amphetamine]] and [[methylphenidate]].<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />
* '''附表 II''' includes certain ATS with therapeutic uses, such as delta-9-THC (including dronabinol, its synthetic form), [[amphetamine]] and [[methylphenidate]].<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />
* '''Schedule III''' includes [[barbiturate]] products with fast or average effects, which have been the object of serious abuse even though useful therapeutically, strongly sedative benzodiazepines like [[flunitrazepam]] and some analgesics like [[buprenorphine]]. The only ATS in this category is [[cathine]].<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />
* '''Schedule III''' includes [[barbiturate]] products with fast or average effects, which have been the object of serious abuse even though useful therapeutically, strongly sedative benzodiazepines like [[flunitrazepam]] and some analgesics like [[buprenorphine]]. The only ATS in this category is [[cathine]].<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />
* '''Schedule IV''' includes some weaker barbiturates like ([[phenobarbital]]) and other [[hypnotic]]s, [[anxiolytic]] [[benzodiazepine]]s (except flunitrazepam), and some weaker stimulants (such as [[modafinil]] and [[armodafinil]]). Over a dozen ATS are included in this category, including the substituted amphetamine [[phentermine]].<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />
* '''Schedule IV''' includes some weaker barbiturates like ([[phenobarbital]]) and other [[hypnotic]]s, [[anxiolytic]] [[benzodiazepine]]s (except flunitrazepam), and some weaker stimulants (such as [[modafinil]] and [[armodafinil]]). Over a dozen ATS are included in this category, including the substituted amphetamine [[phentermine]].<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />

2024年6月20日 (四) 04:16的版本

《精神药物公约》是一项控制苯丙胺、LSD等精神药物的联合国公约，1971年2月21日于奧地利维也纳签署通过。1961年制定的《麻醉品单一公约》无法禁止新出现的精神类药物，它所禁止的只有有限的古柯、大麻及鴉片衍生物。

该公约界定了精神药物的范围，规定了精神药物的管制措施，并规定了对违反公约的处罚方法。

成员国

直到2018年2月,该公约共有184个缔约国。[1]其中包括联合国中的182个国家, 以及 圣座 与 巴勒斯坦. 联合国中未在此条约中的11个国家分别为：东帝汶、赤道几内亚、海地、基里巴斯、利比里亚、瑙鲁、萨摩亚、所罗门群岛、南苏丹、图瓦卢与瓦努阿图。利比里亚已签署该条约，但尚未批准。

受管制物质附表

附表及其中现有物质的清单可在国际麻醉品管制局的网站上找到。 [2]

该条约包括了四份受管制物质的附表，从附表一（限制性最强）到附表四（限制性最低）。1971 年条约附有一份精神药物清单及其相应附表。条约的文本描述并未对每个附表中所包含的物质的特征进行正式描述,而不同的是，1970年的美国受管制物质法案则对美国体系下中的每个附表提供了具体的标准。[3] A 2002 European Parliament report and a 1996 UNODC report on ATS describe the international Schedules as listed below.[3] 2002年的一份欧洲议会与1996的一份来自UNODC的就苯丙胺类兴奋剂的报告对国际附表做了如下的描述：[3][4][4]

  • 附表 I 包括声称对公众健康造成严重威胁的药物，其医疗价值尚未得到麻醉药品委员会的承认。这些物质包括四氢大麻酚的同分异构体[5]，人造致幻剂诸如LSD以及天然致幻剂诸如某些色胺取代物 。 苯丙胺类兴奋剂诸如卡西酮、MDA，与 MDMA (摇头丸) 也在此附表之下。[3]
  • 附表 II includes certain ATS with therapeutic uses, such as delta-9-THC (including dronabinol, its synthetic form), amphetamine and methylphenidate.[3]
  • Schedule III includes barbiturate products with fast or average effects, which have been the object of serious abuse even though useful therapeutically, strongly sedative benzodiazepines like flunitrazepam and some analgesics like buprenorphine. The only ATS in this category is cathine.[3]
  • Schedule IV includes some weaker barbiturates like (phenobarbital) and other hypnotics, anxiolytic benzodiazepines (except flunitrazepam), and some weaker stimulants (such as modafinil and armodafinil). Over a dozen ATS are included in this category, including the substituted amphetamine phentermine.[3]

A 1999 UNODC report notes that Schedule I is a completely different regime from the other three. According to that report, Schedule I mostly contains hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD that are produced by illicit laboratories, while the other three Schedules are mainly for licitly produced pharmaceuticals. The UNODC report[6] also claims that the Convention's Schedule I controls are stricter than those provided for under the Single Convention, a contention that seems to be contradicted by the 2002 Senate of Canada[7] and 2003 European Parliament reports.[8]

Although estimates and other controls specified by the Single Convention are not present in the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the International Narcotics Control Board corrected the omission by asking Parties to submit information and statistics not required by the Convention, and using the initial positive responses from various organic drug producing states to convince others to follow.[9] In addition, the Convention does impose tighter restrictions on imports and exports of Schedule I substances. A 1970 Bulletin on Narcotics report notes:[10]

LSD, mescaline, etc., are controlled in a way which is more stringent than morphine under the narcotics treaties. Article 7, which sets down this regime, provides that such substances can only be moved in international trade when both exporter and importer are government authorities, or government agencies or institutions specially authorized for the purpose; in addition to this very rigid identification of supplier and recipient, in each case export and import authorization is also mandatory.


  1. ^ Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Treaty status 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期31 March 2016..
  2. ^ List of Psychotropic Substances under International Control (技术报告) 28. International Narcotics Control Board. January 2018 [20 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于15 March 2018）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: A Global Review (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: 5. [11 September 2015]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于5 March 2016）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg. Working document on the UN conventions on drugs. 6 October 2003 [15 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2006）. 
  5. ^ Outcome of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of the World Health Organization (PDF) (技术报告) 1018. World Health Organization. June 2018 [9 July 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于29 April 2020）. 
  6. ^ Bayer, I.; H. Ghodse. Evolution of international drug control, 1945–1995. 1999 [15 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2006）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  7. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为CansenReport的参考文献提供内容
  8. ^ Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg. Report Including a Proposal for a Recommendation of the European Parliament to the Council on the Reform of the Conventions on Drugs (PDF). Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, European Parliament. 24 March 2003 [15 April 2006]. [永久失效連結]
  9. ^ Monthly Status of Treaty Adherence. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1 January 2005 [15 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2006）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  10. ^ The Protocol on Psychotropic Substances. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1 January 1970 [15 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2006）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
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