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1924年，曼德博生于[[波兰]][[华沙]]的一个[[犹太人]]家庭<ref name="wos1">{{cite web|url=http://www.webofstories.com/play/9596|title=Web of Stories • Benoît Mandelbrot • Family background and early education|last=Mandelbrot|first=Benoît|coauthors=Bernard Sapoval, Daniel Zajdenweber|date=May 1998|publisher=[[Web of Stories]]|accessdate=19 October 2010}}</ref>。 Mandelbrot was born into a family with a strong academic tradition - his mother was a [[物理学家]] and he was introduced to [[mathematics]] by two of his uncles, one of whom, [[Szolem Mandelbrojt]], was a mathematician who resided in [[巴黎]]. However, his father made his living trading clothing.<ref name="wolf">{{Cite document|last=Mandelbrot|first=Benoit|contribution=A maverick's apprenticeship|title=The Wolf Prizes for Physics|publisher=Imperial College Press|year=2002|url=http://www.math.yale.edu/mandelbrot/web_pdfs/mavericksApprenticeship.pdf}}</ref> Anticipating the threat posed by [[纳粹德国]], the family fled from Poland to [[法国]] in 1936 when he was 11.<ref name="bbc_obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11560101|title=BBC News - 'Fractal' mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot dies aged 85|date=17 October 2010|work=[[BBC Online]]|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mandelbrot attended the Lycée Rolin in Paris until the start of [[第二次世界大战]], when his family moved to [[Tulle]], France. He was helped by [[Rabbi]] [[David Feuerwerker]], the Rabbi of [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]], to continue his studies. In 1944 he returned to Paris. He studied at the [[Lycée du Parc]] in [[里昂]] and in 1945 - 47 attended the [[École Polytechnique]], where he studied under [[Gaston Julia]] and [[Paul Pierre Lévy|Paul Lévy]]. From 1947 to 1949 he studied at [[California Institute of Technology]], where he earned a master's degree in [[aeronautics]].<ref name="guardian_obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/oct/17/benoit-mandelbrot-obituary|title=Benoît Mandelbrot obituary|last=Lesmoir-Gordon|first=Nigel|date=17 October 2010|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref> Returning to France, he obtained his [[Ph.D. degree]] in Mathematical Sciences at the [[University of Paris]] in 1952.<ref name="wolf"/> |
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曼德博于2010年10月14日在[[剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)]]的[[临终病人安养所]]因[[胰腺癌]]逝世，享年85岁<ref>{{cite news|title=Benoit Mandelbrot, fractals pioneer, dies|url=http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2010/10/16/Benoit-Mandelbrot-fractals-pioneer-dies/UPI-11551287266964/|accessdate=17 October 2010|newspaper=United Press International |date=16 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="nyt_obit" />。他离世之后，数学家[[海因茨·奥托·佩特根]]说：“如果要论对数学和科学应用的影响，曼德博实在是50年内最重要的人物之一。”<ref name="nyt_obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/us/17mandelbrot.html|title=Benoit Mandelbrot, Mathematician, Dies at 85|last=Hoffman|first=Jascha|date=16 October 2010|work=The New York Times|accessdate=16 October 2010}}</ref>[[克里斯·安德森]]称他为“改变人类对世界认识的里程碑式人物”<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/technology/Mandelbrot+father+fractal+geometry+dies/3682961/story.html|title=Mandelbrot, father of fractal geometry, dies|work=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]|accessdate=16 October 2010}}</ref>。[[法国总统]][[萨科齐]]称曼德博具有“从不被革新性的、前无古人的预想所吓退的强大而富有独创性的头脑”。萨科齐还说，“他的研究完全在主流领域之外发展，却形成了现代信息理论的雏形”<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/10/16/97001-20101016FILWWW00611-sarkozy-rend-hommage-a-mandelbrot.php|title=Sarkozy rend hommage à Mandelbrot|language=French|trans_title=Sarkozy pays homage to Mandelbrot|work=[[Le Figaro]]|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref>。[[经济学人]]所发曼德博的讣告指出，他是一位“超越学术界的名人”，并将他誉为“分形学之父”。<ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/17305197]</ref> |
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From 1949 to 1958 Mandelbrot was a staff member at the [[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique]]. During this time he spent a year at the [[高等研究院]] in [[新泽西州]][[普林斯顿]], where he was sponsored by [[John von Neumann]]. In 1955 he married Aliette Kagan and moved to [[瑞士]][[日内瓦]], and later to the [[Université Lille Nord de France]].<ref name="people">{{Cite document|last=Barcellos|first=Anthony|contribution=Interview Of B. B. Mandelbrot|title=Mathematical People|publisher=Birkhaüser|year=1984|url=http://www.math.yale.edu/mandelbrot/web_pdfs/inHisOwnWords.pdf}}</ref> In 1958 the couple moved to the United States where Mandelbrot joined the research staff at the [[IBM公司]][[Thomas J. Watson Research Center]] in [[Yorktown Heights, New York]].<ref name="people"/> He remained at IBM for thirty-five years, becoming an [[IBM研究院]], and later Fellow [[Emeritus]].<ref name="wolf"/> |
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Mandelbrot died in a [[hospice]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], on 14 October 2010 from [[pancreatic cancer]], at the age of 85.<ref>{{cite news|title=Benoit Mandelbrot, fractals pioneer, dies|url=http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2010/10/16/Benoit-Mandelbrot-fractals-pioneer-dies/UPI-11551287266964/|accessdate=17 October 2010|newspaper=United Press International |date=16 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="nyt_obit" /> Reacting to news of his death, mathematician [[Heinz-Otto Peitgen]] said "if we talk about impact inside mathematics, and applications in the sciences, he is one of the most important figures of the last 50 years."<ref name="nyt_obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/us/17mandelbrot.html|title=Benoit Mandelbrot, Mathematician, Dies at 85|last=Hoffman|first=Jascha|date=16 October 2010|work=The New York Times|accessdate=16 October 2010}}</ref> [[Chris Anderson (entrepreneur)|Chris Anderson]] described Mandelbrot as "an icon who changed how we see the world."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/technology/Mandelbrot+father+fractal+geometry+dies/3682961/story.html|title=Mandelbrot, father of fractal geometry, dies|work=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]|accessdate=16 October 2010}}</ref> [[French President]] [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] said Mandelbrot had "a powerful, original mind that never shied away from innovating and shattering preconceived notions". Sarkozy also added, "His work, developed entirely outside mainstream research, led to modern information theory."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/10/16/97001-20101016FILWWW00611-sarkozy-rend-hommage-a-mandelbrot.php|title=Sarkozy rend hommage à Mandelbrot|language=French|trans_title=Sarkozy pays homage to Mandelbrot|work=[[Le Figaro]]|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref>Mandelbrot's obituary in The Economist points out his fame as "celebrity beyond the academy" and lauds him as the "father of fractal geometry."<ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/17305197 |
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2010年11月6日 (六) 13:11的版本
1924年，曼德博生于波兰华沙的一个犹太人家庭[1]。 Mandelbrot was born into a family with a strong academic tradition - his mother was a 物理学家 and he was introduced to mathematics by two of his uncles, one of whom, Szolem Mandelbrojt, was a mathematician who resided in 巴黎. However, his father made his living trading clothing.[2] Anticipating the threat posed by 纳粹德国, the family fled from Poland to 法国 in 1936 when he was 11.[3] Mandelbrot attended the Lycée Rolin in Paris until the start of 第二次世界大战, when his family moved to Tulle, France. He was helped by Rabbi David Feuerwerker, the Rabbi of Brive-la-Gaillarde, to continue his studies. In 1944 he returned to Paris. He studied at the Lycée du Parc in 里昂 and in 1945 - 47 attended the École Polytechnique, where he studied under Gaston Julia and Paul Lévy. From 1947 to 1949 he studied at California Institute of Technology, where he earned a master's degree in aeronautics.[4] Returning to France, he obtained his Ph.D. degree in Mathematical Sciences at the University of Paris in 1952.[2]
From 1949 to 1958 Mandelbrot was a staff member at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. During this time he spent a year at the 高等研究院 in 新泽西州普林斯顿, where he was sponsored by John von Neumann. In 1955 he married Aliette Kagan and moved to 瑞士日内瓦, and later to the Université Lille Nord de France.[5] In 1958 the couple moved to the United States where Mandelbrot joined the research staff at the IBM公司Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York.[5] He remained at IBM for thirty-five years, becoming an IBM研究院, and later Fellow Emeritus.[2]
- ^ Mandelbrot, Benoît; Bernard Sapoval, Daniel Zajdenweber. Web of Stories • Benoît Mandelbrot • Family background and early education. Web of Stories. May 1998 [19 October 2010].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mandelbrot, Benoit. The Wolf Prizes for Physics (PDF). Imperial College Press. 2002.
|contribution=被忽略 (帮助) - ^ BBC News - 'Fractal' mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot dies aged 85. BBC Online. 17 October 2010 [17 October 2010].
- ^ Lesmoir-Gordon, Nigel. Benoît Mandelbrot obituary. The Guardian. 17 October 2010 [17 October 2010].
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Barcellos, Anthony. Mathematical People (PDF). Birkhaüser. 1984.
|contribution=被忽略 (帮助)