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米苏拉塔之战：修订间差异

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|image=
|image=
|caption=
|caption=
|date= 2011年2月18日 – 2011年5月15日
|date= 2011年[[2月18日]] – 2011年[[5月15日]]
|place=[[利比亚]]，[[米苏拉塔]]
|place=[[利比亚]]，[[米苏拉塔]]
|result= 反卡势力获得胜利
|result= 反卡势力获得胜利
第13行： 第13行：
'''{{flagicon|United Nations}}'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/18/3167294.htm|title=UN clears way for Libyan no-fly zone|date=18 Mar 2011}}</ref>
'''{{flagicon|United Nations}}'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/18/3167294.htm|title=UN clears way for Libyan no-fly zone|date=18 Mar 2011}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|NATO}}军事干预、打击卡部队<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/25/nato-to-enforce-no-fly-zone-over-libya.html| title=Nato takes control of enforcing Libya no-fly zone| accessdate=26 March 2011 | date=25 March 2011}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|NATO}}军事干预、打击卡部队<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/25/nato-to-enforce-no-fly-zone-over-libya.html| title=Nato takes control of enforcing Libya no-fly zone| accessdate=26 March 2011 | date=25 March 2011}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|France}}<ref name="AASM"/>
*{{flagicon|France}}
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}
*{{flagicon|United States}}
*{{flagicon|United States}}
第22行： 第22行：
|commander2=[[哈米斯·卡扎菲]] (自3月12日开始)<br>{{flagicon|Libya|1977}} Abdul Nabih Zayid<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/21/libya-middleeast Libyan rebels in Zlitan capture key government commander]</ref><br>{{flagicon|Libya|1977}} Albarrani Shkal<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/29/misrata-rebels-defy-libya-regime|agency=The Guardian|date=29 August 2011|accessdate=29 August 2011|title=Misrata rebels defy Libya's new regime|first=Chris|last=Stephen|location=London}}</ref>
|commander2=[[哈米斯·卡扎菲]] (自3月12日开始)<br>{{flagicon|Libya|1977}} Abdul Nabih Zayid<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/21/libya-middleeast Libyan rebels in Zlitan capture key government commander]</ref><br>{{flagicon|Libya|1977}} Albarrani Shkal<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/29/misrata-rebels-defy-libya-regime|agency=The Guardian|date=29 August 2011|accessdate=29 August 2011|title=Misrata rebels defy Libya's new regime|first=Chris|last=Stephen|location=London}}</ref>
|strength1= 3,000-5,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.news.maktoob.com/20090000695456/Kadhafi_forces_pound_Ajdabiya_and_Misrata/Article.htm|title=Snipers, cluster bombs panic Libya's Misrata|date=18 April 2011|accessdate=18 April 2011}}</ref>
|strength1= 3,000-5,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.news.maktoob.com/20090000695456/Kadhafi_forces_pound_Ajdabiya_and_Misrata/Article.htm|title=Snipers, cluster bombs panic Libya's Misrata|date=18 April 2011|accessdate=18 April 2011}}</ref>
|strength2= Hamza 旅 (最初)<small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/02/2011225133345917205.html|title=Libyan forces shoot protesters|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=25 Feb 2011|accessdate=25 Feb 2011}}</ref></small><br>[[哈米斯旅]] (自3月12日开始)<ref name=autogenerated1 />
|strength2= Hamza 旅 (最初)<small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/02/2011225133345917205.html|title=Libyan forces shoot protesters|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=25 Feb 2011|accessdate=25 Feb 2011}}</ref></small><br>[[哈米斯旅]] (自3月12日开始)
|casualties1= 813<small><ref name="trust.org">{{cite news|url=http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/feature-wounded-children-show-ferocity-of-misratas-war/|title=Wounded children show ferocity of Misrata's war|date=18 July 2011|accessdate=30 July 2011}}</ref></small>-1,083<small><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/17/world/africa/skirmishes-flare-around-qaddafi-strongholds.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1 Libya Counts More Martyrs Than Bodies]</ref></small> 死亡*<br>781<small><ref name="trust.org"/></small>-900<small><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/9562064.stm|title=
|casualties1= 813<small><ref name="trust.org">{{cite news|url=http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/feature-wounded-children-show-ferocity-of-misratas-war/|title=Wounded children show ferocity of Misrata's war|date=18 July 2011|accessdate=30 July 2011}}</ref></small>-1,083<small><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/17/world/africa/skirmishes-flare-around-qaddafi-strongholds.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1 Libya Counts More Martyrs Than Bodies]</ref></small> 死亡*<br>781<small><ref name="trust.org"/></small>-900<small><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/9562064.stm|title=
Libya's rebel-held Misrata numbed by loss and trauma|date=13 August 2011|accessdate=13 August 2011|work=BBC News}}</ref></small> 失踪或被俘**<br>4,000 受伤<small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://northafrica.humanitarianresponse.info/Portals/0/Reports/Misratah%20Factsheet%20-3%20May%202011.pdf|title=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - OCH|accessdate=10 May 2011}}</ref></small><br>至少一辆坦克被毁<small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2lXxbceUw8 |title=Dramatic video of fighting aftermath in Libyan airport|accessdate=9 April 2011}}</ref></small>
Libya's rebel-held Misrata numbed by loss and trauma|date=13 August 2011|accessdate=13 August 2011|work=BBC News}}</ref></small> 失踪或被俘**<br>4,000 受伤<small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://northafrica.humanitarianresponse.info/Portals/0/Reports/Misratah%20Factsheet%20-3%20May%202011.pdf|title=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - OCH|accessdate=10 May 2011}}</ref></small><br>至少一辆坦克被毁<small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2lXxbceUw8 |title=Dramatic video of fighting aftermath in Libyan airport|accessdate=9 April 2011}}</ref></small>
第29行： 第29行：
32-44 坦克遭到损坏，1 辆[[ZSU-23-4|Shilka]], 1 个移动 [[多管火箭炮]], 6 架[[Soko G-2 Galeb]]军机, 2 架[[Mi-24雌鹿直升機]]，和 1 艘[[巡邏艇]]受损，1 艘海岸护卫舰和 1 艘巡邏艇被北约破坏 (北约方面宣称)<ref name="MDF-8">{{cite news|title=Libye : point de situation opération Harmattan n°8 |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/actualites/libye-point-de-situation-operation-harmattan-n-8|publisher=[[Minister of Defence (France)|Ministère de la Défense et des anciens combattants]]|date=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12850975|title=Libya: France jet destroys pro-Gaddafi plane|work=[[BBC]]|date=24 March 2011 |accessdate=25 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/03/29/uk-libya-misrata-ships-idUKTRE72S1UJ20110329|title=U.S. military attack three Libyan ships in Misrata
32-44 坦克遭到损坏，1 辆[[ZSU-23-4|Shilka]], 1 个移动 [[多管火箭炮]], 6 架[[Soko G-2 Galeb]]军机, 2 架[[Mi-24雌鹿直升機]]，和 1 艘[[巡邏艇]]受损，1 艘海岸护卫舰和 1 艘巡邏艇被北约破坏 (北约方面宣称)<ref name="MDF-8">{{cite news|title=Libye : point de situation opération Harmattan n°8 |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/actualites/libye-point-de-situation-operation-harmattan-n-8|publisher=[[Minister of Defence (France)|Ministère de la Défense et des anciens combattants]]|date=26 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12850975|title=Libya: France jet destroys pro-Gaddafi plane|work=[[BBC]]|date=24 March 2011 |accessdate=25 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/03/29/uk-libya-misrata-ships-idUKTRE72S1UJ20110329|title=U.S. military attack three Libyan ships in Misrata
|date=29 March 2011 |accessdate=29 March 2011|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newser.com/article/d9mmotio0/fighting-rages-in-western-libyan-city-of-misrata-nato-expresses-frustration-on-targets.html|title=Fighting rages in western Libyan city of Misrata; NATO expresses frustration on targets|accessdate=19 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/pentagon-confirms-predator-drone-strike-libya/story?id=13442570|title=Pentagon Confirms First Predator Drone Strike in Libya|date=23 April 2011 |accessdate=23 April 2011}}</ref>
|date=29 March 2011 |accessdate=29 March 2011|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newser.com/article/d9mmotio0/fighting-rages-in-western-libyan-city-of-misrata-nato-expresses-frustration-on-targets.html|title=Fighting rages in western Libyan city of Misrata; NATO expresses frustration on targets|accessdate=19 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/pentagon-confirms-predator-drone-strike-libya/story?id=13442570|title=Pentagon Confirms First Predator Drone Strike in Libya|date=23 April 2011 |accessdate=23 April 2011}}</ref>
|notes='''*'''The number of dead on the rebel side includes both opposition fighters and civilians, of which 358 have definitely been confirmed as rebels<ref>280 (18 February-20 April),[http://m.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0421/breaking32.html?via=news] 9 (21 April),[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/21/us-libya-idUSTRE7270JP20110421] 25 (23 April),[http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/25/libya.war/index.html?hpt=T2] 12 (27 April),[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/28/world/africa/28libya.html] 7 killed (28 April),[http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE73R07R20110428] 10 killed (29 April),[http://news.bostonherald.com/news/international/africa/view.bg?articleid=1334269&format=&page=2&listingType=intafri] 5 killed (30 April),[http://www.kansascity.com/2011/04/30/2838568/nato-powers-reject-gadhafis-truce.html] 2 killed (1 May),[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/libya-rebels-gaddafi-bombard-misrata] 1 killed (3 May),[http://www.startribune.com/world/121150499.html?page=all&prepage=2&c=y] 5 killed (9–11 May),[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iIekiimODF8m-k309EiRu5X1ouHQ?docId=3f668304014a41b0ab73737baac12a94] 1 killed (13 May),[http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/05/libya_rebellion_continues.html] 1 killed (14 May),[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/05/14/uk-libya-idUKLDE71Q0MP20110514] total of 358 reported killed</ref> and 707 as civilians,<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/06/11/libya.war/index.html?section=cnn_latest Rebel: Government forces, rebels clash in the Libyan city of Zawiya]</ref> among whom were 11 migrants,<ref>5 Egyptian,[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/16/libya-muammar-gaddafi] 1 Niger [http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/gaddafi-forces-try-to-cut-off-misrata-from-port] and 5 Niger/Ghanian [http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2011/05/04-8][http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/04/gaddafi-targets-relief-ship-misrata-libya]</ref> 2 journalists (1 U.S. & U.K.-U.S.)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.myfoxny.com/dpp/news/2-us-journalists-killed-in-libya-20110420-ncx|title=2 US Journalists Killed In Libya|date=20 April 2011|accessdate=20 April}}</ref> and 1 Ukrainian doctor<ref name="reuters1"/><br>**Of the missing and captured, 150 civilians were found dead in a mass grave in Tawargha in mid-August<ref name="TVNZ_4355178">{{cite web |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/rebels-circle-in-pivotal-zawiyah-oil-refinery-4355178 |title=Rebels circle in on pivotal Zawiyah oil refinery |date=18 August 2011 |work=[[Television New Zealand]] |accessdate=17 September 2011}}</ref> and 5 in a grave near Misrata in early October<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/05/libya-mass-grave-misrata Libya mass grave discovered near Misrata]</ref>
|notes='''*'''反卡方面的死亡数据包括反卡士兵和平民，358是反卡方面证实的<ref>280 (2月18日-4月20日),[http://m.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0421/breaking32.html?via=news] 9 (21 April),[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/21/us-libya-idUSTRE7270JP20110421] 25 (23 April),[http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/04/25/libya.war/index.html?hpt=T2] 12 (27 April),[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/28/world/africa/28libya.html] 7 killed (28 April),[http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE73R07R20110428] 10 killed (29 April),[http://news.bostonherald.com/news/international/africa/view.bg?articleid=1334269&format=&page=2&listingType=intafri] 5 killed (30 April),[http://www.kansascity.com/2011/04/30/2838568/nato-powers-reject-gadhafis-truce.html] 2 killed (1 May),[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/02/libya-rebels-gaddafi-bombard-misrata] 1 killed (3 May),[http://www.startribune.com/world/121150499.html?page=all&prepage=2&c=y] 5 killed (9–11 May),[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iIekiimODF8m-k309EiRu5X1ouHQ?docId=3f668304014a41b0ab73737baac12a94] 1 killed (13 May),[http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/05/libya_rebellion_continues.html] 1 killed (14 May),[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/05/14/uk-libya-idUKLDE71Q0MP20110514] total of 358 reported killed</ref> 和 707个平民,<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/06/11/libya.war/index.html?section=cnn_latest Rebel: Government forces, rebels clash in the Libyan city of Zawiya]</ref> 其中有11个是外来移民,<ref>5 Egyptian,[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/16/libya-muammar-gaddafi] 1 Niger [http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/gaddafi-forces-try-to-cut-off-misrata-from-port] and 5 Niger/Ghanian [http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2011/05/04-8][http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/04/gaddafi-targets-relief-ship-misrata-libya]</ref> 2 名记者 (1 名美国籍，一名美英双重国籍)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.myfoxny.com/dpp/news/2-us-journalists-killed-in-libya-20110420-ncx|title=2 US Journalists Killed In Libya|date=20 April 2011|accessdate=20 April}}</ref> 和 1 名乌克兰医生<br>**失踪与被俘者中，8月中旬在Tawargha发现150个平民死于大屠杀中<ref name="TVNZ_4355178">{{cite web |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/rebels-circle-in-pivotal-zawiyah-oil-refinery-4355178 |title=Rebels circle in on pivotal Zawiyah oil refinery |date=18 August 2011 |work=[[Television New Zealand]] |accessdate=17 September 2011}}</ref> 10月上旬发现5人的坟墓位于米苏拉塔附近<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/05/libya-mass-grave-misrata Libya mass grave discovered near Misrata]</ref>
}}
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2011年10月10日 (一) 14:32的版本

米苏拉塔之战
2011年利比亚内战的一部分
日期2011年2月18日 – 2011年5月15日
地点
利比亚，米苏拉塔
结果 反卡势力获得胜利
参战方

利比亚 反卡势力

联合国[2]

  • 北大西洋公约组织军事干预、打击卡部队[3]
  • 法國
  • 英国
  • 美国

卡扎菲势力

  • 军队
  • 他国雇佣军
指挥官与领导者
利比亚 Ibrahim Bet-Almal[4]
利比亚 Nuri Abdullah Abdullati[5]
利比亚 Salah Badi[6]
利比亚 Ali Attalah Obeidi †[7]		 哈米斯·卡扎菲 (自3月12日开始)
利比亚 Abdul Nabih Zayid[8]
利比亚 Albarrani Shkal[9]
兵力
3,000-5,000[10] Hamza 旅 (最初)[11]
哈米斯旅 (自3月12日开始)
伤亡与损失
813[12]-1,083[13] 死亡*
781[12]-900[14] 失踪或被俘**
4,000 受伤[15]
至少一辆坦克被毁[16]

358[17]-545[18] 死亡
150[19]-230[17] 被俘
20 T-72主戰坦克， 4 辆T-54/55系列主战坦克， 2 辆BMPs, 1 Shilka, 3 辆装甲运兵车，和 1 辆军用技术装甲车IMR-2 被毁，一架直升机被击落。

32-44 坦克遭到损坏，1 辆Shilka, 1 个移动 多管火箭炮, 6 架Soko G-2 Galeb军机, 2 架Mi-24雌鹿直升機，和 1 艘巡邏艇受损，1 艘海岸护卫舰和 1 艘巡邏艇被北约破坏 (北约方面宣称)[20][21][22][23][24]
*反卡方面的死亡数据包括反卡士兵和平民，358是反卡方面证实的[25] 和 707个平民,[26] 其中有11个是外来移民,[27] 2 名记者 (1 名美国籍，一名美英双重国籍)[28] 和 1 名乌克兰医生
**失踪与被俘者中，8月中旬在Tawargha发现150个平民死于大屠杀中[29] 10月上旬发现5人的坟墓位于米苏拉塔附近[30]

米苏拉塔之战 (阿拉伯语：معركة مصراتة‎) 是2011年利比亚内战中的一大战役，反卡武装与效忠卡扎菲的部队双方为了争夺利比亚的第三大城市米苏拉塔的控制权而展开。在起义的最初阶段，卡扎菲政府控制了该国西部的大多数地区和城市，惟独米苏拉塔是被反卡势力控制着一座西部大城市。米苏拉塔战役是整个利比亚内战中双方争夺最持久且最激烈的一个战场，惨烈程度就比如二战中的斯大林格勒战役。而在联军干预的最初阶段，联军就把解除卡部队对该市的包围作为一个重大目标。5月15日，反卡武装全面控制该市。

战役经过

参考资料

[31]

  1. ^ Libyan rebels continue their struggle
  2. ^ UN clears way for Libyan no-fly zone. 18 Mar 2011. 
  3. ^ Nato takes control of enforcing Libya no-fly zone. 25 March 2011 [26 March 2011]. 
  4. ^ Libya rebel city tense as Gadhafi ultimatum expires. 3 May 2011 [3 May 2011]. 
  5. ^ Misrata rebels officially plead for Western troops. 19 April 2011 [19 April 2011]. 
  6. ^ Libya: rebels celebrate seizing Misurata airport. The Daily Telegraph (London). 11 May 2011 [11 May 2011]. 
  7. ^ http://www.euronews.net/2011/04/06/claims-general-quits-libyan-air-force-over-orders-to-kill/
  8. ^ Libyan rebels in Zlitan capture key government commander
  9. ^ Stephen, Chris. Misrata rebels defy Libya's new regime. London. The Guardian. 29 August 2011 [29 August 2011]. 
  10. ^ Snipers, cluster bombs panic Libya's Misrata. 18 April 2011 [18 April 2011]. 
  11. ^ Libyan forces shoot protesters. Al Jazeera. 25 Feb 2011 [25 Feb 2011]. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Wounded children show ferocity of Misrata's war. 18 July 2011 [30 July 2011]. 
  13. ^ Libya Counts More Martyrs Than Bodies
  14. ^ Libya's rebel-held Misrata numbed by loss and trauma. BBC News. 13 August 2011 [13 August 2011]. 
  15. ^ United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - OCH (PDF). [10 May 2011]. 
  16. ^ Dramatic video of fighting aftermath in Libyan airport. [9 April 2011]. 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Libyan City Buries Its Attackers Respectfully
  18. ^ Al Jazeera Live Blog
  19. ^ Libyan rebels hand out rules on POW treatment; some 300 in custody, including 10 foreigners
  20. ^ Libye : point de situation opération Harmattan n°8. Ministère de la Défense et des anciens combattants. 26 March 2011. 
  21. ^ Libya: France jet destroys pro-Gaddafi plane. BBC. 24 March 2011 [25 March 2011]. 
  22. ^ U.S. military attack three Libyan ships in Misrata. Reuters. 29 March 2011 [29 March 2011]. 
  23. ^ Fighting rages in western Libyan city of Misrata; NATO expresses frustration on targets. [19 April 2011]. 
  24. ^ Pentagon Confirms First Predator Drone Strike in Libya. 23 April 2011 [23 April 2011]. 
  25. ^ 280 (2月18日-4月20日),[1] 9 (21 April),[2] 25 (23 April),[3] 12 (27 April),[4] 7 killed (28 April),[5] 10 killed (29 April),[6] 5 killed (30 April),[7] 2 killed (1 May),[8] 1 killed (3 May),[9] 5 killed (9–11 May),[10] 1 killed (13 May),[11] 1 killed (14 May),[12] total of 358 reported killed
  26. ^ Rebel: Government forces, rebels clash in the Libyan city of Zawiya
  27. ^ 5 Egyptian,[13] 1 Niger [14] and 5 Niger/Ghanian [15][16]
  28. ^ 2 US Journalists Killed In Libya. 20 April 2011 [20 April]. 
  29. ^ Rebels circle in on pivotal Zawiyah oil refinery. Television New Zealand. 18 August 2011 [17 September 2011]. 
  30. ^ Libya mass grave discovered near Misrata
  31. ^ Who really cluster bombed Misrata - 25 May 2011

外部连接

32°22′39.12″N 15°5′31.26″E / 32.3775333°N 15.0920167°E / 32.3775333; 15.0920167

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=米苏拉塔之战&oldid=17999861”