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巴恩斯利:修订间差异

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===發展===
===發展===
[[File:Market Street towards Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 477819.jpg|thumb|right|街市街]]
[[File:Market Street towards Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 477819.jpg|thumb|right|200px|街市街]]
Barnsley town centre is undergoing a period of change. Projects include:
Barnsley town centre is undergoing a period of change. Projects include:
* The new [[Barnsley Interchange]].
* The new [[Barnsley Interchange]].

2011年12月18日 (日) 07:26的版本

Barnsley
由黑佛克洛夫特俯瞰巴恩斯利
坐标:53°33′13″N 1°28′44″W / 53.5536°N 1.4789°W / 53.5536; -1.4789
主權國家英国
國家英格蘭
人口(2007年估計)
 • 總計73,500人
郵鎮郵區BARNSLEY(S70-S75
電話區號01226
OS 格網參考SE3406
• 伦敦153 英哩 (246 公里) 東南偏南
都會自治市
都市郡
警察 
消防 
救護 
英國國會選區

巴恩斯利(英語:Barnsley)是位於英格蘭南约克郡的一個鎮,位於迪尔恩河(River Dearne)流域,谢菲尔德以北11.8英哩(19公里),利兹以南17英哩(27公里)和唐卡斯特以西14.5英哩(23公里)。 巴恩斯利被多條細小鄉村包圍,並組成巴恩斯利都市自治市,而巴恩斯利是當中最大的行政中心。整個都市自治市在「2011年英國人口統計」(2001 UK Census)有人口218,063人;而「巴恩斯利市區」(Barnsley Urban Area)佔71,599人[1]

歷史上巴恩斯利是約克郡西區(West Riding of Yorkshire)的一部分,之前是一個以煤矿製造玻璃而著名的工業重鎮[2],現時鎮內仍有少量製造玻璃工廠和煉焦廠,雖然這些工業於20世紀已經衰退,但巴恩斯利的本地文化仍然植根於這些工業遺產;巴恩斯利有演奏銅管樂的傳統,正是源於採礦的社區。

位於M1高速公路36和38連接點之間,設有一個哈莱姆線(Hallam Line)和佩尼斯通線(Penistone Line)途經的鐵路站巴恩斯利足球俱乐部是當地的足球會

經濟

The town was better known for coal mining, although most of the pits were actually in the surrounding villages, rather than in the town itself. The proportion employed in mining varied hugely, even before recent times.[3] "Barnsley Main" colliery was in the town, but was fairly small; it closed in 1991. All of the mines in the borough are now closed; Goldthorpe was the last to close in 1994. Wire, linen and glass-making were also major industries, but only glass-making remains, with one large company still operating. The coat of arms for the town includes a coal miner and a glass-blower. It is now moving towards a service economy. As of July 2007, unemployment stands at 2.8% in Barnsley West & Penistone, 4.2% in Barnsley Central and 4.0% in Barnsley East & Mexborough, compared to the national average of 3.1%. Since 1997, unemployment fell by 55.2%, 52.5% and 52.5% in the three areas respectively.[4]

The Western half of the Borough stretches from the M1 to the edge of the Peak District and is essentially rural in character. This Western part includes the Market Town of Penistone and some notable and remarkable places of interest, these include: Wentworth Castle and Gardens (Grade I listed gardens),[5] Cannon Hall Park and Museum,[6] Cawthorne Jubilee Museum,[7] Wortley Hall and Gardens,[8] Wortley Top Forge (16th century Forge).[9] Pot House Hamlet

In 2002, Barnsley Council and partners launched a major consultation exercise called "Rethinking Barnsley". This led to a regeneration programme centred on Barnsley Town Centre called "Remaking Barnsley".[10] Developments include a new transport interchange, a new cultural centre in the old Civic Hall, a Digital Media Centre[11] (opened August 2007), and new offices and apartments throughout the Town Centre. At the same time, housebuilding has taken off and major new housing areas have been developed. Business Parks on the M1 at Junctions 37[12] and 36, and in the Dearne Valley,[13] have also expanded the job opportunities locally. Unemployment is now below the national average but a large number of local people are on Incapacity Benefit.[來源請求] The economic development of Barnsley is led by the Barnsley Development Agency.[14]

Significant industrial employers include the Ardagh Glass Group.

鎮中心

The main part of Barnsley town centre was constructed during the 1960s, and as with many other town centres, has become less aesthetically pleasing over time. The area around Cheapside and May Day Green, which is known as the metropolitan centre, is home to the market as well as many national high street chains such as Marks & Spencer, WH Smith, HMV, Carphone Warehouse, Vodafone, Boots, and The Body Shop. It is due to be demolished in 2009 to make way for a new retail and leisure development. The Mall Barnsley, which was opened in 1991, houses retailers such as Next and Primark. Other prominent areas include Queen Street, where Marks and Spencer and stores such as Topshop, Topman, Wallis and Dorothy Perkins are located, Market Street, Eldon Street and The Arcade, which houses the majority of the independent and designer retailers in Barnsley. The town also has a large concentration of pubs and bars in the central district. There is also a cinema called Parkway cinema.

Outside the town centre lie numerous large retail units, retail parks and supermarkets, which include Asda, Morrisons, PC World, Currys, Halfords, and B&Q.

Development work on the new shopping centre is due to start in the town centre in 2012.[15] Several stores such as Vodafone and Halifax Bank have opened new premises in town.

發展

街市街

Barnsley town centre is undergoing a period of change. Projects include:

  • The new Barnsley Interchange.
  • The digital media centre (now completed).
  • Gateway Plaza at Town End (now completed). Second phase has started.
  • The Markets complex which will house Barnsley Markets and be the centre of the towns retailing. It will be anchored by Debenhams.
  • Experience Barnsley – The creation of the Barnsley People's Museum and Archives Centre. This project has been awarded almost £3m of funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund, which means two floors of Barnsley's distinctive Town Hall will be transformed into state-of-the-art museum galleries, the first devoted to the borough's stories, past and present. This will be completed by July 2012.
  • Barnsley College A Block was completed and opened in September 2011.

地標

巴恩斯利鎮會堂
  • 阿罕布拉購物中心(Alhambra Shopping Centre)
  • 巴恩斯利學院(Barnsley College)
  • 巴恩斯利鎮會堂(Barnsley Town Hall)
  • 大炮會堂博物館、公園及花園(Cannon Hall Museum, Park & Gardens)
  • 思域(The Civic)
  • 庫珀畫廊(Cooper Gallery)
  • Gawber Parish Church
  • 猎狗山(Houndhill)
  • 洛基公園(Locke Park)
  • 奧基威爾球場巴恩斯利足球俱乐部的主場球場
  • 溫特沃思城堡及花園(Wentworth Castle & Gardens)
  • 约翰·里迪尔大宅(John Rideal House)
  • 鍋子館村莊(Pot House Hamlet)
  • 巴恩斯利中央辦公室(Barnsley Central Offices)
  • 班士利交匯處(Barnsley Interchange)

交通

重建後的巴恩斯利交匯處內觀

巴恩斯利的主要交通樞紐是位於鎮中心,於2007年5月20日對公眾開放結合鐵路和巴士站的巴恩斯利交匯處(Barnsley Interchange)。

「約克郡捷達」(Stagecoach Yorkshire)經營大部分來往巴恩斯利交匯處之間的巴士服務。火車服務由北方鐵路(Northern Rail)提供,北行有半小時1班的特快列車前往利兹,車程約35分鐘;同時亦有途經卡斯尔福德(Castleford)的慢車服務,車程約50分鐘。每小時亦有1班經由沿途風光美麗的佩尼斯通線(Penistone Line)列車前往哈德斯菲爾德。南行每小時有4班列車前往美度賀爾(Meadowhall)和谢菲尔德,兩班停靠當地鐵路站,而另兩班則為特快列車。每小時有1班列車接續前往切斯特菲尔德(Chesterfield)和诺丁汉。傍晚和週日班次會較疏。

最接近的機場是位於唐卡斯特唐克斯特謝菲爾羅賓漢國際機場(Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield),距離巴恩斯利26英里(42公里)。機場提供租機和有限的定期廉價航班。每小時有1班X19號直通巴士由巴恩斯利直達機場。較遠處還有更大型的機場,包括距離34英里(55公里)的利兹-布拉德福国际机场(Leeds Bradford International Airport)、距離43英里(69公里)的曼彻斯特机场和距離61英里(98公里)的東米德蘭斯機場(East Midlands Airport)。

教育

「巴恩斯利學院」(Barnsley College)是一所持續進修教育機構,在鎮內設有多個校園。而哈德斯菲尔德大学亦在鎮內開設了一個稱為「巴恩斯利大學中心」(University Centre Barnsley)的校園。「巴恩斯利基督教學校」(Barnsley Christian School)是一所成立於1986年的私立收費學校。位於巴恩斯利全部14所中學將會由學院教育中心(Academy education centres)所取代,稱為「超級學校」(SuperSchools),是將同區數所學校合併而成。

文化

英國作家基斯·羅拔士(Chris Roberts)諷刺「小鎮」巴恩斯利是「地理上距離倫敦以北數百哩,但文化上卻相距數個時區。」[16]

巴恩斯利是具有自豪傳統的銅管樂隊的家鄉,源自採礦社區的社交會所。位於巴恩斯利以東5哩的村莊格里姆索普(Grimethorpe)的「格里姆索普煤礦樂隊」(Grimethorpe Colliery Band)相信是全英最知名的銅管樂隊。他們為描述當地煤礦關閉的電影《Brassed Off》配樂而廣為人識,現時是倫敦皇家音樂學院的「駐地藝術家」(artist in residence)。樂隊曾在海德公园逍遙音樂會最後一夜演奏。

被稱為「巴恩斯利詩人」(Bard of Barnsley)的伊恩·麦克米兰(Ian McMillan)在當地的報章《巴恩斯利紀事報》(Barnsley Chronicle)撰寫專欄。他最近獲提名為牛津大学的「诗歌教授」(Oxford Professor of Poetry),並經常出現在BBC第四台(BBC Radio 4)。巴恩斯利口音逐漸在年青的一代消失,但已比大部分其他的約克郡口音保持得較好。本地人稱巴恩斯利為「塔恩」(Tarn),是「鎮」(town)用巴恩斯利口音的讀音。

肯·洛區(Ken Loach)的電影《凱斯》(Kes)在巴恩斯利數條鄉村包括隆德伍德(Lundwood)和蒙克布雷顿(Monk Bretton)取景拍攝,並起用如弗雷迪·弗莱彻(Freddie Fletcher)等本地演員參演。

由於受到鄰近的谢菲尔德曼彻斯特影響,巴恩斯利亦有自己現場演出摇滚乐嘻哈音樂的場地,約於1997年的英伦摇滚年代達到高峰。巴恩斯利的重金属樂隊「Saxon」自1980年代成名至今仍然盛名不衰。「北極潑猴」(Arctic Monkeys)其中兩名成員在「巴恩斯利學院」(Barnsley College)修讀音樂。巴恩斯利設有多個如「Arches Live」的現場音樂表演場地。巴恩斯利曾舉辦「BOMfest」,是一個由本地及國際沒有簽約的藝人演出的夏日戶外音樂節,獲《每日电讯报》選為2009年全英夏日音樂節100強。

溫特沃思城堡

巴恩斯利議會負責營運3所博物館:「大炮會堂」(Cannon Hall)、「库珀畫廊」(Cooper Gallery)和「沃斯堡磨坊」(Worsbrough Mill)。透過「體驗巴恩斯利」(Experience Barnsley)活動有計畫在鎮會堂內增設第四所博物館。巴恩斯利內其他的博物館還有志願營運的「达菲尔德博物館」(Darfield Museum)和「考索恩维多利亚银禧博物館」(Cawthorne Victoria Jubilee Museum)。其他歷史遺產還包括「沃特利上鐵廠」(Wortley Top Forge)、「沃特利會堂」(Wortley Hall)、「温特沃思城堡」(Wentworth Castle)、「蒙克布雷顿修道院」遺址(Remains Monk Bretton Priory)和「锅子馆村庄」(Pot House Hamlet)。

「蜂巢畫廊」(HIVE Gallery)是位於巴恩斯利的一所當代藝術畫廊,於2007年由「創意巴恩斯利」(Creative Barnsley)和帕特里克·墨菲(Patrick Murphy)共同創辦,位於「埃尔塞卡尔文化中心」(Elsecar Heritage Centre)內。「蜂巢」每年策劃8個當代藝術展覽,由支援新進當代藝術家到國際知名的大師作品均列入展品之中。早前展出包括著名藝術家如彼得·布雷克爵士(Sir Peter Blake)和帕特里克·考尔菲尔德(Patrick Caulfield)的作品[17]

「灯房剧场」(Lamproom Theatre)設有4個劇團,在巴恩斯利鎮中心演出舞台剧。「學院劇場」(Academy Theatre)是「Take 2中心」(Take 2 Centre)的一部分,於2004年揭幕,演出包括喜劇西区剧院劇目、音樂劇及傳統的「An Evening With.....[18]。 「Take 2中心」亦設有錄音室、設計中心、戲劇學校和音樂學校。「巴恩斯利思域」(The Civic)位於鎮中心,是一個多用途表演場地,屬於二級歷史建築,於大規模重建後在2009年3月重新揭幕,曾舉辦多個高調如棟篤笑艾爾·梅利(Al Murray)和喜劇演員罗素·霍华德(Russell Howard)的表演。「巴恩斯利思域」亦設有當代藝術畫廊,舉辦由倫敦维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆(V&A)和「流動畫廊」(Flow Gallery)等策劃的巡迴展覽,亦有為自家的展覽如「Little Black Dress」和「Brazil +55」舉行巡迴展覽[19]

體育

奧基威爾球場的西看台有超過100年的歷史

巴恩斯利當地的足球會巴恩斯利足球俱乐部英格蘭足球聯賽冠軍聯賽中角逐。其主場球場稱為奧基威爾球場,位於市中心以外的奧基威爾(Oakwell)。球會近年成績有高有低,於1990年代末期曾升班英超,但僅一季後即降班。但於2000年代初期球隊一度降班第三級聯賽,直到2006年才升班重返第二級聯賽。

沙地摩托车比賽在巴恩斯利附近一條稱為「巴恩斯利隆德伍德」(Barnsley Lundwood)的賽道舉行。賽道派出一支隊伍於1929年及1930年參加「北部聯賽」(Northern Leagues)。2009年當地成立一支稱為「巴恩斯利欖球隊」(Barnsley Rugby League)的聯盟式橄欖球隊伍,翌年更名「巴恩斯利野馬」(Barnsley Broncos)。

巴恩斯利亦舉辦高水平的羽毛球聯賽,分為三級競逐。

姊妹城市

巴恩斯利有兩個姊妹城市:

參考資料

外部連結