依托泊苷:修订间差异
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==历史== |
==历史== |
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鬼臼作为[[中药]]使用具有上千年的历史,早在[[东汉]]时期《[[神农本草经]]》就已有记载。然而,由于[[毒性]]剧烈(《神农本草经》中被列为“下品”),一直以来它的应用受到了限制。<ref>{{Cite journal |
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依托泊苷在1966年被合成,并在1983年由美国[[FDA]]批准上市。<ref name="wow">{{Cite journal |
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| last1 = Greenspan | first1 = E. M. |
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| last2 = Leiter | first2 = J. |
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| last3 = Shear | first3 = M. J. |
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| title = Effect of alpha-peltatin, beta-peltatin, podophyllotoxin on lymphomas and other transplanted tumors |
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| journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute |
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| volume = 10 |
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| issue = 6 |
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| pages = 1295–1333 |
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| year = 1950 |
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| pmid = 14774702 |
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}}</ref>在1950年,科学家开始合成一系列的鬼臼毒素衍生物,并发现其中一种名为4'-去甲氧基表鬼臼毒素苯亚甲基糖苷(DEPBG)的物质最为有效(相对于毒性来说)。随后他们又研制出了两种有着更强抗癌活性的DEPBG衍生物,分别是在1966年被合成依托泊苷和1967年被合成的[[替尼泊苷]]。依托泊苷在在1983年由美国[[FDA]]批准上市。<ref name="wow">{{Cite journal |
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| last1 = Hande | first1 = K. R. |
| last1 = Hande | first1 = K. R. |
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| title = Etoposide: Four decades of development of a topoisomerase II inhibitor |
| title = Etoposide: Four decades of development of a topoisomerase II inhibitor |
2012年6月1日 (五) 16:31的版本
臨床資料 | |
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商品名 | Vepesid |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a684055 |
懷孕分級 |
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给药途径 | 口服,静脉注射 |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | 可变性很大(25~75%) |
血漿蛋白結合率 | 97% |
药物代谢 | 肝脏(包括CYP3A4的参与) |
生物半衰期 | 口服6小时,成人静脉注射6~12小时,儿童静脉注射3小时 |
排泄途徑 | 肾脏与粪便 |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 33419-42-0 |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.046.812 |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C29H32O13 |
摩尔质量 | 588.557 g/mol |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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依托泊苷 (英語:Etoposide,又名鬼臼乙叉苷、VP-16,商品名Eposin、Etopophos、Vepesid)是一种广泛应用的拓扑异构酶抑制剂类化疗药物。它是鬼臼毒素(一种大量存在于鬼臼,尤其是盾叶鬼臼中的物质)的人工合成衍生物。
历史
鬼臼作为中药使用具有上千年的历史,早在东汉时期《神农本草经》就已有记载。然而,由于毒性剧烈(《神农本草经》中被列为“下品”),一直以来它的应用受到了限制。[1]在1950年,科学家开始合成一系列的鬼臼毒素衍生物,并发现其中一种名为4'-去甲氧基表鬼臼毒素苯亚甲基糖苷(DEPBG)的物质最为有效(相对于毒性来说)。随后他们又研制出了两种有着更强抗癌活性的DEPBG衍生物,分别是在1966年被合成依托泊苷和1967年被合成的替尼泊苷。依托泊苷在在1983年由美国FDA批准上市。[2]
作用机理
Etoposide forms a ternary complex with DNA and the topoisomerase II enzyme (which aids in DNA unwinding), prevents re-ligation of the DNA strands, and by doing so causes DNA strands to break. Cancer cells rely on this enzyme more than healthy cells, since they divide more rapidly. Therefore, this causes errors in DNA synthesis and promotes apoptosis of the cancer cell.[2][3]
用途
依托泊苷被用来治疗多种癌症,包括肺癌、睾丸癌、卡波济氏肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤、淋巴瘤、多形性成胶质细胞瘤和急性非淋巴细胞白血病等。它常与其他化疗药物组合用于联合化疗,如与博来霉素和泼尼松组成的BEP联合疗法(用于睾丸癌的一线治疗)。它还被用于骨髓移植和干细胞移植的预处理。[2]
给药途径
It is given intravenously or orally in capsule form. If the drug is given by IV, it must be done slowly over a 30- to 60-minute period because it can lower blood pressure as it is being administered. Blood pressure is checked often during infusing, with the speed of administration adjusted accordingly.
In general, patients are advised to call their doctor in case of fever, symptoms of infection, or painful injection sites, as these may progress severely without adequate medical attention.[4]
Patients are advised to drink large amounts of fluids after treatment to prevent damage to the bladder and kidneys, typically 1.5 to 3.5 liters of water on the day of treatment and for several days after.
副作用
常见的有:
较少见的有:
除此之外,与华法令合用会增强后者的抗凝血作用,可能引起出血。[4]
参考资料
- ^ Greenspan, E. M.; Leiter, J.; Shear, M. J. Effect of alpha-peltatin, beta-peltatin, podophyllotoxin on lymphomas and other transplanted tumors. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1950, 10 (6): 1295–1333. PMID 14774702.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hande, K. R. Etoposide: Four decades of development of a topoisomerase II inhibitor. European Journal of Cancer. 1998, 34 (10): 1514–1521. PMID 9893622. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(98)00228-7.
- ^ Gordaliza M, García PA, del Corral JM, Castro MA, Gómez-Zurita MA. Podophyllotoxin: distribution, sources, applications and new cytotoxic derivatives. Toxicon. 2004, 44 (4): 441–59. PMID 15302526. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.008.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Longe, Jacqueline L. Gale Encyclopedia Of Cancer: A Guide To Cancer And Its Treatments. Detroit: Thomson Gale. 2002: 397-399. ISBN 978-1-4144-0362-5.