北好莱坞抢劫案

美国银行周边的地图及事件发生的地点

北好莱坞枪战是发生在两名全副武装并穿着防弹衣的银行劫匪（小拉里•尤金•菲利普斯和埃米尔•德克巴尔•马塔萨利努）与洛杉矶市警察局巡警及特警队之间的枪战，这场枪战发生的日期是1997年2月28日。

这场枪战的结局为14人受伤（12名警员及2名平民），2人死亡（2名劫匪）。尽管枪战中2名劫匪被击毙，但这场枪战的总伤亡人数仍然使此次时间称为90年代暴力犯罪中最血腥的一个，同时也是20世纪中最严重的银行抢劫案之一。

背景

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北好莱坞银行抢劫案中的两名劫匪小拉里•尤金•菲利普斯（左）和埃米尔•德克巴尔•马塔萨利努（右）

劫匪

两名劫匪为小拉里•尤金•菲利普斯（左）和埃米尔•德克巴尔•马塔萨利努（右），他们都是健身者。 拉力•菲利普斯，当时26岁，是一名房产推销员，已婚，2个孩子的父亲。埃米尔•马塔萨利努的母亲经营着一家精神病院，他在那里长大，在他很小的时候，曾被一名病人打成重伤。因为这次受伤，他患有癫痫，并在枪战发生前几周作过脑外科手术。

两人在抢劫劳瑞尔山谷大道的美国银行前曾经抢劫过几个银行。总计抢得约160万美元。在20世纪90年代早期，他们在科罗拉多州的丹佛市抢劫了一辆防弹运钞车。但这次他们只抢到了23000美元。几年以后，他们再次抢劫运钞车，这次他们抢得125000美元。他们的第三次抢劫未能得手：他们试图拦截运钞车，但没有成功，所以不得不放弃。这次失败的抢劫之后几周，菲利普斯和马塔萨利努闯入了一家美国银行，并抢走了750000美元的现金——这次他们干的不小。在这次之后，他们回到了第二次抢劫运钞车的银行，抢到了790000美元。

拉里•菲利普斯拆开了几件防弹背心，别出心裁的给自己的四肢制作了凯夫拉防弹，他从头到脚的防弹层总重量达到了近42磅（19公斤）。

劫案

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监控器拍摄到的劫匪在之前的抢劫案中的样子

上午9点15分，菲利普斯和马塔萨利努抢劫了位于加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市北好莱坞的美国银行分行。当时银行中有10名雇员及32名顾客。菲利普斯和马塔萨利努抢到303305美元，在抢劫中有一名顾客的头部被劫匪用AKM的枪托击伤。一名路过的市民发现了这起劫案，并向洛杉矶警察局15A83号巡逻警车报警。

在银行里，马塔萨利努逼着银行经理打开金库并向一个手提箱里装大概三十万美元的现金，菲利普斯在大厅监视。菲利普斯和马塔萨利努想象中能抢得的现金远比三十万多，但事实上，正是因为他们之前的几次抢劫，银行减少了现金存放的数目以减少损失。

“就这么点？”马塔萨利努向银行经理喊。在得到经理的回答之后，他随即逼着银行经理打开自动提款机，那里放着很多现金。不过想打开自动提款机也并非易事，因为美国银行的安全委员会在自动提款机上设置了一个长10分钟的延时以防抢劫。但马塔萨利努还是不死心，于是他开始向自动提款机扫射，不过这么做的结果只是把提款机彻底锁死。

当马塔萨利努大发脾气时，菲利普斯决定看看外面的情况，于是他挪向了银行的正门并向外看了看。

这时，警员们也看到了他，在他们看来菲利普斯简直就是个好莱坞式的怪物，他一身黑，而且因为穿着重型防弹衣而显得臃肿，加上他滑雪面罩下的太阳镜，看上去简直就是科幻片里的虫类。之后，警员们请求特警支援。

在银行里菲利普斯和马塔萨利努可能已经猜到一会将发生一场枪战，于是他们把所有的银行雇员和顾客都锁到了银行金库里，在那不会被枪击中。之后他们开始走出银行。

枪战

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马塔萨利努（右下）在试图偷一辆卡车之后用AR-15向洛杉矶警察局特警开火

拉里•菲利普斯在太平洋标准时间0938时从银行的北门走出银行。埃米尔•马塔萨利努在他之后几秒从南门走出。他们同时发现了银行周围的警员，当时警员们装备有：9mm贝瑞塔92FS手枪、.38特种左轮手枪、雷明顿M870和伊萨卡12口径唧筒式散弹枪。

交火开始

菲利普斯站在银行门口举起了一支罗马尼亚生产的AK-47突击步枪向银行背面的警员开火。与一般弹药不同，两名劫匪使用的是钢芯穿甲弹，这些弹头可以轻易的射穿警员们作为掩体的汽车和防弹衣，但事实上杀伤力却比警员们使用的空头弹要小，因为钢芯穿甲弹在击中时并不变形。

在菲利普斯的身后，马塔萨利努拖着一手提箱钱跟在后面，突然他发现手提箱开始向外冒红烟。因为，劫匪抢到的钱中有3个用以放置抢劫的染色包。他们抢到的钱变成了废纸，于是马塔萨利努扔掉了手提箱并开始向银行南侧扫射。

包括迪恩•海恩斯上士在内的几名警员卧倒，海恩斯上士通过警用电台报告：“我中弹了…你们最好发布一个战术警报。

于是，全洛杉矶的警察都开始向犯罪现场聚集。

新警察詹姆斯•兹伯拉万当时正躲在一个配钥匙的小亭子后面，那个亭子的位置正对劫匪的火力，詹姆斯趁菲利普斯换弹夹的时候用散弹枪向他开了几枪。

“有9颗散弹击中了菲利普斯。”兹伯拉万回忆道。

劫匪似乎被激怒了，不过不是因为疼痛。菲利普斯转过身，朝着那个小亭子打光了他的75发弹鼓。兹伯拉万在俯身躲避时在后背和臀部各中一枪。同样躲避在小亭子后的约翰•克鲁拉克脚踝中弹。“就好像是谁用木板突然给了我一下。”，约翰是这么描述那颗击中它的流弹的。在菲利普斯和马塔萨利努继续射击时，兹伯拉万和克鲁拉克放弃了那个小亭子，他们不停的移动以躲避菲利普斯的子弹。克鲁拉克说：“菲利普斯一辆一辆车的扫射，我们就从一辆车后面跑到另一辆车后面。”最终他们成功的跑到银行对面的一个牙医诊所，那里的医生和护士用诊所里的药品和器材给他们的伤口进行了包扎。

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菲利普斯和马塔萨利努走出银行时的样子，由自动提款机上的相机拍摄

菲利普斯和马塔萨利努继续在银行的前门向警察射击。场面完全失控，菲利普斯和马塔萨利努向任何向他们开枪的东西开枪。因为害怕招致一串子弹，许多警员甚至在有机会开枪时都放弃了。

“他会记得你的位置”迪恩•海恩斯中士说：“如果你向他（菲利普斯）开枪，他就会转过身向你扫上50发子弹。他简直就像一只闯入蜂巢的熊，好像根本不在乎我们的子弹似的。”

马塔萨利努并没有像菲利普斯一样穿着那种从头到脚的重型防弹衣。他穿的凯夫拉防弹背心里只插了一块保护板来保护重要器官。枪战开始15分钟以后，马塔萨利努腿部中弹，之后他钻进了逃跑用的汽车里，一辆白色的雪弗兰名人，并从车窗继续向外射击。

与此同时，菲利普斯也在继续射击，他打伤了躲在一棵树后面的马丁•维特菲尔德警官。在一片混乱中，保卫银行的警察没能找到他，以致他在被送到附近医院救治之前流血达半个小时。幸运的是他最终得以康复。

包括警探文斯•班克拉夫特在内的数名警员开始从银行后身一堵水泥墙后向菲利普斯射击。此时菲利普斯已经移动到银行的北侧停车场，那里停着许多车辆，其中包括马塔萨利努的雪弗兰。当班克拉夫特和其他警员向他开枪时，菲利普斯转过身。

“他转过身看着我，就好像是在说‘你他妈的是谁？’”，班克拉夫特事后说。

之后菲利普斯开始向墙后面的警员扫射，子弹打在墙上，碎末到处都是。扫射过后，菲利普斯看上去很冷静的低头看了看他封在手套上的秒表。这时墙后面的警员们又开始向他射击，于是他捡起AK-47一边走一边继续扫射。

当菲利普斯继续向路口的警车扫射的时候，一发警察打来的散弹几乎把他的脑袋打飞。不过菲利普斯躲得很及时才没有被这颗大号铅弹击中，之后他趴在一辆白色跑车后面更换弹夹。 Standing up again, he began spraying bursts at the police directly opposite the bank, then walked over to the rear of the bank and fired at the detectives behind the wall, who had resumed firing at him. A round hit him directly in the chest, nearly knocking him over. When Phillips recovered, he seemed much more wary of the gunfire. His rifle clutched in one hand, Phillips moved to the Chevy that Matasareanu was sitting inside. Opening the trunk, he threw his AK-47 inside and retrieved a new weapon--a semiautomatic HK-91 rifle.

“疑犯从车箱上拿了另一支武器！” "Suspect has retrived additional weapons from the trunk of his vehicle!" the police radio--to which Matasareanu was undoubtedly listening inside the car--informed officers. Phillips began firing randomly with the HK-91, taking a particular interest in the officers just across the street from him. He fired several rounds, then dropped the weapon to his side and wiped his brow. The two gunmen were clothed in huge amounts of heavy body armor, all colored black; the day was very hot even for a man in a tee-shirt. It is even possible that they were becoming dehydrated by this point.

Phillips walked over to the car, opened the door, and reached inside--possibly he was going to get in--but a round from detective Bankraft distracted him. The detective had been firing at Phillips; one of his rounds, a ricochet, struck the gunman's hand, while another hit the HK-91's trigger group. Instead of disabling the weapon, however, the bullet destroyed the second sear inside the gun, accidentally causing it to become a fully automatic rifle. Phillips began shooting again, walking around behind the cars and alternating between firing and ducking behind the cars to reload. At one point, Phillips was nearly decapitated by a blast that exploded the window of a nearby station wagon. He ducked and crouched down, firing on one knee at the officer who had shot at him.

As news helicopters from all around Los Angeles buzzed overhead, Phillips continued to fire wildly. Finally a helicopter from KCAL seemed to distract him. On live television, in front of millions of stunned people, Phillips lined up his weapon and began firing at the very news helicopter that was taping him. In the video of the incident, bullet trails can be seen bursting from the rifle. Finally Phillips stood up and reloaded.

The getaway

Matasareanu suddenly began backing the car out of the parking space he had been idling it in. Phillips, seeing this, grabbed his extra ammo drums off of a car hood where he had been keeping them. Emil Matasareanu drove the car up to the side of the bank and started shooting bursts at the police officers trying to stop them, while Phillips hurried over to him, firing as he went. As he approached the trunk of the car, Phillips ducked to avoid a shotgun blast and then emptied the magazine, reloaded, and continued firing. A round struck his shoulder, immobilizing his left arm and most of the left side of his torso. But Phillips continued to fire the three-foot-long rifle one-handed. He moved to the door of the car twice, but each time he returned to the trunk. Finally he tossed the HK-91 into the trunk and armed himself with a Norinco Chinese Type 56 AK-47.

While Phillips tried to load the weapon one-handed--his right arm was still not moving correctly, as the video tapes reveal--Matasareanu leaned over and opened the passenger side door of the car. He seemed to want Phillips to get in, but Phillips made a movement, and probably comment, that meant no. Instead, Phillips shut the door and walked beside the car. He had apparently decided to provide cover fire for his partner.

The car and the gunman--police on their radios were referring to Phillips as "The Pedestrian"--moved away from the bank, all the way to the edge of the parking lot. Phillips, who had been carrying a second ammunition drum magazine, threw the magazine onto the top of the car and began shooting again. Then a round struck his chest, and he grabbed the drum and walked over to a champagne-colored sedan to reload. Phillips walked back to the car a minute later, firing...and kept walking.

It is possible that Phillips knew he was going to die, and wanted to shoot as many police officers as he could. He had already sustained a wound that would have been fatal to him; a round had severed his subclavian artery. It is quite possible that Phillips decided to buy time for Emil--his only friend in the world--to escape by sacrificing himself. Whatever Phillips was thinking, he seemed calm and collected as he ducked behind a tractor trailer on a street near the bank, allowing Emil Matasareanu to drive past him. Thanks to Phillips's suppressive fire, Emil drove right past the police at the end of the street, continuing on.

Meanwhile, Phillips was on the move again. He passed within feet of an abandoned police car, and began to fire again. However, Phillips suddenly realized that his AK-47 was jammed. An ejected shell casing had caught in the weapon, resulting in a stovepipe jam. Phillips, exhausted from combat, was unable to clear it. He dropped the gun on the ground and pulled a 9MM Beretta 92F from his jacket. He fired two rounds with this, then walked out from the cover of the trailer and fired again. As he fired a fourth shot, a round struck his hand, causing him to fumble and drop the pistol. Phillips bent down, picked up the handgun, and shot himself in the head. He died instantly, at the exact same time that a police patrol officers bullet severed his spine. Several rounds from other LAPD officers also struck him after he went down.

Emil Matasareanu, further up the street, continued on. It is unclear whether or not he knew his partner was dead, but it is possible. In any case, Matasareanu tried to stop a red sedan--amazingly, a large number of oblivious civilians were still driving around the streets, unaware of what was happening--but the car drove away. Emil then began shooting at a knot of detectives who were attempting to get a shot off at him from a side street. The Chevy's tires were shot out by the detectives, and Matasareanu limped around and got back into his car. He began driving slowly up the street, trying to stop cars that he ran into. Finally he came head-to-head with a surplus m715 Kaiser Jeep pickup truck. When Matasareanu fired his weapon in the general direction of the truck, the driver began backing up, then got out and fled to a nearby house. Matasareanu drove up next to the truck, got out, and then got back in his car again. He inched the car forward a bit--he had been unable to open the door, as they were too close together--and got back out, tossing his garage door opener into the truck as he passed it. Matasareanu then limped over to the Chevy's trunk and retrieved an automatic Bushmaster M-16 rifle, equipped with a 100-round Beta C-mag drum magazine. He threw this into the truck as well, then turned back to get another weapon from the trunk. Instead he found that a police cruiser containing three North Hollywood SWAT officers was barrelling towards him. Matasareanu raised his weapon and fired several rounds, then got into the Jeep. What Matasareanu didn't know was that the driver had a kill switch in his vehicle which disabled the electrical system. The driver flipped this switch before he fled. After unsuccessfully trying to start the truck several times, Matasareanu finally gave up and bailed just as the SWAT unit screeched to a stop less than ten yards away.

Modified automatic M-16 with drum magazine used by Matasareanu. In the background, the gunman's mask lies between the two cars.

Running behind the hood of the Chevy, Matasareanu used it as a shield as he began firing wildly with his M-16. At the same time, SWAT officers fired back, jumping out of their car and hiding behind it. Finally Matasareanu stopped shooting, and lowered his weapon. SWAT continued to shoot at him. Suddenly Emil Matasareanu hoisted his weapon up and sprayed the cars with a burst of gunfire.

SWAT officers lay on the ground and began shooting Emil's feet and legs, which were unarmored. Other police officers began firing from the side streets and even houses where they had been taking cover. Finally Matasareanu collapsed, his rifle going off into the pavement as he staggered and fell against the hood of his getaway car. He raised his hands in a gesture of surrender, but when police continued to shoot at him, he placed his M-16 on the ground and began spraying rounds under the cars at SWAT. Eventually Matasareanu was hit so many times that he could no longer shoot and was forced to drop his weapon all together.

When SWAT stopped shooting, they moved in carefully on the injured gunman, who was directing obscenities at the SWAT officers, the LAPD, and police in general.

One SWAT officer kicked Emil's gun away from him, and it is alleged that Emil was beaten (discussed below). Finally the angry SWAT officers were called to search for more gunmen, and officers John Futrell and James Vojtecky were assigned to guard Matasareanu.

Outcome

During the shootout, a total of twelve officers and two civilians were wounded (although only one severely), and there were two fatalities (Phillips and Matasareanu); Phillips was shot 11 times and Matasareanu was shot 29 times. Only one person was seriously injured during the entire firefight, apart from the gunmen. Officer Martin Whitfield (Ret.) was shot in the leg and was unconscious when he was rescued by police in an armored car and taken to a nearby hospital. He survived his wounds.

The LAPD was later criticized for refusing to allow Matasareanu to receive medical attention, which could have been life-saving; the department countered by stating that ambulance personnel were following standard procedure in hostile situations by refusing to enter "the hot zone", as Matasareanu was still considered to be dangerous. In addition, there were also onlooker reports of other suspects in the area, which further delayed the ambulance response. These reports were later determined by the authorities to be sightings of plainclothes police officers wearing body armor.

Another version of the tale has been told by LAPD officer James Vojtecky, who was one of the officers assigned to the scene where Matasareanu was being held. According to Officer Vojtecky, he instructed other officers "Don't let this man move. He's trying to bleed out on us. He's trying to kill himself."

During the trial, the lawyer of Matasareanu's children, Stephen Yagman, showed jurors a news videotape that showed two police officers slapping hands in a congratulatory gesture; one of the officers then kicks the handcuffed suspect. A photo taken by a press photographer--who had managed get so close that Matasareanu had begun yelling curse words at him--showed Officer John Futrell smirking as he pushed Matasareanu's face into the pavement.

Both stories have been hotly disputed both in and out of court. It is unclear what really happened to Matasareanu.

A third version has been accepted by some people. There is some evidence that when Matasareanu, who had recently had surgery to remove a tumor from his brain, was kicked by a SWAT officer arresting him, the blow caused bleeding inside his brain. This theory cannot be proven, however, as Matasareanu was cremated and therefore his body cannot be exhumed.

This shooting bore similarities to both an actual earlier shootout in Norco, California on May 9, 1980 and a fictional incident in the movie Heat. There was speculation that Phillips and Matasareanu used Heat as a training film.

真相

• 事件中，大约有370名洛杉矶警察局警员被呼叫到现场。
• 除洛杉矶市警察局外，洛杉矶县警察局和加州高速公路巡警队的警员也参与了这次枪战。在纪录片中，洛杉矶警察局的警官提到了上述其他部门在这次事件中的作用，以及：洛杉矶机场警察局、博班克警察局和洛杉矶校园警卫队。 In the MVP documentary film, the LAPD sergeant being interviewed discusses the roles of those agencies as well as LA Airport PD, Burbank PD and LA School PD. Off-duty LAPD officers came in prior to the announcement of city-wide TAC-ALERT, which activates all personnel on duty. Members of the LAPD training at the Valley area police academy as well as the main LA police academy located in Elysian Park also responded. SWAT officers also responded from the police academy. One response was from Chief Willie Williams, who came from either Parker Center or LAPD HQ located downtown.
• The following year, seventeen LAPD officers were awarded Medals of Valor from the department for their actions and bravery during the shootout. They were:
  • Police Sergeant I. Medina
  • Police Detective T. Angeles
  • Police Detective V. Bancroft
  • Police Detective T. Culotta
  • Police Detective K. Harley
  • Police Officer Class III D. Anderson
  • Police Officer E. Brentlinger
  • Police Officer Class III A. Cabunoc
  • Police Officer Class III J. Caprarelli
  • Police Officer E. Dominguez
  • Police Officer Class III S. Gomez
  • Police Officer Class III R. Massa
  • Police Officer C. Perriguey
  • Police Officer T. Schmitz
  • Police Officer C. Torrez
  • Police Officer J. Zboravan
  • Police Officer R. Zielinski

结果

贝瑞塔92F手枪，与菲利普斯和洛杉矶警察使用手枪类似

这次事件突出了警察使用的武器及防护与罪犯使用的武器及防护之间的差距。在影像资料上可以清晰地看到警察的手枪子弹击中疑犯，但却只造成很小的或根本没有产生影响，这基本是因为疑犯身穿防弹背心。这些防弹背心有效的拦截了.38和9mm口径的手枪子弹。

鉴于手枪对于防弹背心的穿透性很差，在美国产生了一种将.223/5.56mmM-16步枪装备给一些巡警的趋势，但这些步枪不能自动射击。此举给警察提供了对抗装备重型武器及重型防弹衣的罪犯的能力。

Advocates of gun control in the United States cited the incident as evidence that U.S. gun control laws were inadequate to prevent military-class weaponry ending up in the hands of prior felons. Opponents of gun control counter that as the weapons had been obtained illegally, the incident did not indicate that criminal use of legally registered fully-automatic firearms was a problem.

The LAPD patrol officers were not adequately armed or protected to deal with such criminals. The gunmen were firing rifle rounds from illegally-modified fully-automatic assault rifles while being protected by full body armor. The officers' handguns and shotguns could not penetrate through the suspects' armor, while the suspects' weapons were capable of severely wounding officers and bystanders even through cement walls and automobiles.

The family of Emil Matasareanu sued the LAPD for wrongful death because of their refusal to allow the ambulances arriving on the scene to treat him. After a hung jury in the first trial, the Matasareanu family dropped the suit.

In a final note, an anti-gun legislator sued the B&B Guns store, eventually forcing it to shut down. B&B Guns supplied the police with several assault rifles to combat the two armored gunmen, and did not wait "the required period for a background check on the recipients." In other words, the gun store that lent the police long guns was sued for not waiting ten days to hand them over. B&B Guns is no longer in business; the lawsuit forced the store to close.

电影

• 互联网电影数据库（IMDb）上《44 Minutes: The North Hollywood Shoot-Out》的资料（英文）
• 2005 documentary Shootout! North Hollywood Shootout created by the History Channel describing the event in detail with interviews from the involved police officers.
• North Hollywood Shootout documentary by Music Video Productions (MVP) (mostly interviews).
• In the opening scenes of the action film S.W.A.T.. Weapons, location, events, TV footage, and dialog from LAPD radio communcations of this shootout were all closely mimicked. (A deleted scene in the movie also included police officers running into a gun store to purchase M16 assault rifles citing the ineffective weaponry they had been supplied).
• A video was produced by the POST training association that contained the entire video of the shootout; however this video is not available to the public.
• The Learning Channel produced a two-hour program dubbed "Officer Down".
• World's Wildest Police Videos, Modern Marvels, Investigative Reports, and various other TV shows have done segments about the gunfight.

来源

• North Hollywood LAPD's radio traffic frequency
• Nancy J. Rigg. Maintaining Control. [2006-06-29].  Transcript of portions of separate police frequencies referring to the North Hollywood shootout.
• Los Angeles Police Department - 1998 Medal of Valor Recipients. 1998 [2006-06-29]. 
• A three minute and 38 second clip from Google Video -- [1]

外部链接

• Radio recording & summary
• God Bless the Gangsters, a site containing news articles, police reports, pictures, and videos of the North Hollywood Shootout.
• A messageboard attached to God Bless the Gangsters was established for specific discussion of the shootout.
• A tribute to the two men, made in 1998. Includes a bio of both Phillips and Matasareanu, and a break down of the robbery.
• Norco shootout
• Stovepipe_Jam's video collection has some extremely rare video footage, as well as pictures. Courtesy of SJ Norinco.
• More videos can also be found in a second collection here, including the movie Honor Among Thieves: The North Hollywood Shootout.
• Gone But Not Forgotten is a group devoted to the shootout.
• Hellbent, a poem written by Honey Sheperd, who witnessed the gunfight firsthand.