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涅瓦河：修订间差异

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{{translation|tfrom=[[:en:Neva River]]|tpercent=4}}
{{translation|tfrom=[[:en:Neva River]]|tpercent=4}}


{{Infobox_river | river_name = 涅瓦河
== 基本資料 ==
| image_name = Liteyny Bridge.jpg
{| border="0" align="right" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#FFFFFF"
| caption = [[聖彼得堡]]中跨過涅瓦河之[[Liteyny Bridge]]的夜景
|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
⚫
| origin = [[拉多加湖]]
|流入
⚫
| mouth = [[芬蘭灣]]
⚫
|[[拉多加湖]]
⚫
| basin_countries = [[俄羅斯]]、[[芬蘭]]、[[白俄羅斯]]
|-
⚫
| length = 74公里(46英哩)
|流出
⚫
| elevation = 4公尺(13英呎)
⚫
|[[芬蘭灣]]
⚫
| discharge = 2,600平方公尺/秒(91,832平方英呎/秒)
|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
⚫
| watershed = 282,000平方公里(108,880平方英哩)
|集水區面積
⚫
}}
⚫
|282,000平方公里(108,880平方英哩)
⚫
'''涅瓦河'''({{lang-ru|Нева́}})是[[俄羅斯]]西北部的一條[[河流]]，由[[拉多加湖]]流經[[聖彼德堡]]到[[芬蘭灣]]。以河水流量來計算，涅瓦河是[[歐洲]]的第三大河流([[伏爾加河]]和[[多瑙河]]後)。
|-
|集水區國家
⚫
|[[俄羅斯]]、[[芬蘭]]、[[白俄羅斯]]
|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
|湖泊長度
⚫
|74公里(46英哩)
|-
|海拔高度
⚫
|4公尺(13英呎)
|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
|平均流量
⚫
|2,600平方公尺每秒(91,832平方英呎每秒)
|-
⚫
|}


⚫
==地理==


涅瓦河長74公里，28公里位於[[聖彼德堡]]的範圍內，其餘在[[列寧格勒州]]境內。她由[[拉多加湖]]向西南流至
⚫
'''涅瓦河'''({{lang-ru|Нева́}})是[[俄羅斯]]西北部的河流，由[[拉多加湖]]流經[[聖彼德堡]]到[[芬蘭灣]]。以河水流量計算，涅瓦河是[[歐洲]]第三大河流([[伏爾加河]]和[[多瑙河]]後)。
⚫
[[Image:NevaRiverLabelled.PNG|thumb|400px|right|<div style="text-align: center;border:none">涅瓦河的地圖<br />和顯示其在歐洲的位置之插圖</div>]]


涅瓦河長74公里，28公里在[[聖彼德堡]]境內，其餘的則在[[列寧格勒州]]境內。其由[[拉多加湖]]向西南流至其最南端－和其與[[Tosna River]]之交匯處相近，然後再轉向西北流至[[芬蘭灣]]。平均寬度400至600公尺，最大寬度1200公尺，最大深度24公尺。涅瓦河流域包括拉多加湖和[[奧湼加湖]]，分佈於[[西北部聯邦管區|俄羅斯西北部]]和[[芬蘭]]南部等廣大的面積上。
⚫
== 地理 ==
⚫
[[Image:NevaRiverLabelled.PNG|thumb|400px|right|<div style="text-align: center;border:none">Map of the Neva River,<br />with inset showing its location within Europe.</div>]]


⚫
===涅瓦河三角洲===
涅瓦河長74公里，28公里位於[[聖彼德堡]]的範圍內，其餘在[[列寧格勒州]]境內。她由[[拉多加湖]]向西南流至its southernmost point near its confluence with the [[Tosna River]], and turns northwest into the [[Gulf of Finland]]. Average width is 400—600 m, maximum width: 1200 m. Maximum depth: 24 m. The Neva basin includes Lake Ladoga and [[Lake Onega]], the two largest lakes in [[Europe]], and spans over a large area of [[Northwestern Federal District|Northwestern Russia]] and southern [[Finland]].


⚫
The islands in the Neva delta formed by both natural armlets and artificial canals are occupied by the historical part of Saint Petersburg. 最大的海灣有：
⚫
=== 涅瓦河三角洲 ===
⚫
The islands in the Neva delta formed by both natural armlets and artificial canals are occupied by the historical part of Saint Petersburg. The largest armlets are
*[[Bolshaya Neva]]
*[[Bolshaya Neva]]
*[[Malaya Neva]]
*[[Malaya Neva]]
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*[[Srednaya Nevka]]
*[[Srednaya Nevka]]
*[[Malaya Nevka]].
*[[Malaya Nevka]].
⚫
最重要的水道和小河流有︰

⚫
最重要的水道和水河流有︰
*[[Morskoy Canal]]
*[[Morskoy Canal]]
*[[Obvodny Canal]]
*[[Obvodny Canal]]
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*[[Fontanka]]
*[[Fontanka]]
*[[Moika River|Moika]]
*[[Moika River|Moika]]
⚫
著名的島嶼有︰

⚫
出名的島嶼有︰
*[[Dekabristov Island]]
*[[Dekabristov Island]]
*[[Kamenny Island]]
*[[Kamenny Island]]
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*[[Yelagin Island]]
*[[Yelagin Island]]


=== 支流 ===
===支流===
涅瓦河有26條支流，主要的有︰
涅瓦河有26條支流，主要的有︰
*[[Mga River]] (左支)
*[[Mga River]] (左支)
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*[[Okhta River, Neva basin|Okhta River]] (右支)
*[[Okhta River, Neva basin|Okhta River]] (右支)


=== 城市 ===
===城市===
*[[Shlisselburg]] (at the source)
*[[Shlisselburg]] (在其源頭)
*[[Kirovsk, Leningrad Oblast|Kirovsk]]
*[[Kirovsk, Leningrad Oblast|Kirovsk]]
*[[Otradnoye, Leningrad Oblast|Otradnoye]] (at the confluence with the [[Tosna River|Tosna]])
*[[Otradnoye, Leningrad Oblast|Otradnoye]] (在和[[Tosna River]]的交匯處)
*[[Saint Petersburg]] (in the delta)
*[[Saint Petersburg]] (在三角洲)


== 歷史 ==
==歷史==
In the [[Middle Ages]] the wide and navigable river had [[The Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks|great importance]] as a link between the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]]s and the [[Volga]] portages leading to the [[Orient]]. It was a site of the famous [[Battle of the Neva]] (1240). [[Alexander Nevsky]], Prince of [[Novgorod]], won this battle, saving Russia from invasion, and took his title Nevsky (meaning 'Of the Neva') from this event.
In the [[Middle Ages]] the wide and navigable river had [[The Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks|great importance]] as a link between the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]]s and the [[Volga]] portages leading to the [[Orient]]. It was a site of the famous [[Battle of the Neva]] (1240). [[Alexander Nevsky]], Prince of [[Novgorod]], won this battle, saving Russia from invasion, and took his title Nevsky (meaning 'Of the Neva') from this event.


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[[Image:Neva--etching-large-1600.jpg|thumb|center|700px|<center>The '''Neva River''' at St. Petersburg, 1761.</center>]]
[[Image:Neva--etching-large-1600.jpg|thumb|center|700px|<center>The '''Neva River''' at St. Petersburg, 1761.</center>]]


== 航運 ==
==航運==
The Neva is the most northwestern part of the [[Volga-Baltic Waterway]], the connection between the [[Volga River]] and the [[Baltic Sea]]. This waterway is navigable for even the largest inland vessels, and it is an important part of the inland shipping connection between St. Petersburg and [[Moscow]]. Many passenger vessels share this waterway with large transport ships. [http://www.noordersoft.com/indexen.html]
The Neva is the most northwestern part of the [[Volga-Baltic Waterway]], the connection between the [[Volga River]] and the [[Baltic Sea]]. This waterway is navigable for even the largest inland vessels, and it is an important part of the inland shipping connection between St. Petersburg and [[Moscow]]. Many passenger vessels share this waterway with large transport ships. [http://www.noordersoft.com/indexen.html]


During Mid-Winter, the river becomes unnavigable due to freezing over.
During Mid-Winter, the river becomes unnavigable due to freezing over.


== 瑣事 ==
==瑣事==
* [[Alexander Nevsky]] took his name after the Neva river following the victory over [[Swedes]] in [[Battle of the Neva]] in [[1240]]
* [[Alexander Nevsky]] took his name after the Neva river following the victory over [[Swedes]] in [[Battle of the Neva]] in [[1240]]
* ''Neva'' was the name of a 200-[[Foot (unit of length)|foot]]-long (61-meter), three-masted [[sloop-of-war]], the first Russian ship to [[circumnavigate]] the globe in [[1804]] under the command of [[Lieutenant Commander]] [[Urey Fedorovich Lisianski]].
* ''Neva'' was the name of a 200-[[Foot (unit of length)|foot]]-long (61-meter), three-masted [[sloop-of-war]], the first Russian ship to [[circumnavigate]] the globe in [[1804]] under the command of [[Lieutenant Commander]] [[Urey Fedorovich Lisianski]].
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[[Category:Ingria]]
[[Category:Ingria]]
[[Category:俄羅斯地理]]
[[Category:俄羅斯地理]]
[[Category:Neva basin|*]]
[[Category:涅瓦河流域|*]]


[[ar:نيفا]]
[[ar:نيفا]]

2006年12月22日 (五) 16:02的版本

涅瓦河
File:Liteyny Bridge.jpg
聖彼得堡中跨過涅瓦河之Liteyny Bridge的夜景
流域
源頭 
 • 位置拉多加湖
 • 海拔4公尺(13英呎)
河口芬蘭灣
流域面積282,000平方公里(108,880平方英哩)
流經国家俄羅斯、芬蘭、白俄羅斯
本貌
長度74公里(46英哩)
流量2,600平方公尺/秒(91,832平方英呎/秒)

涅瓦河(俄语：Нева́)是俄羅斯西北部的一條河流，由拉多加湖流經聖彼德堡到芬蘭灣。以河水流量來計算，涅瓦河是歐洲的第三大河流(伏爾加河和多瑙河後)。

地理

涅瓦河長74公里，28公里位於聖彼德堡的範圍內，其餘在列寧格勒州境內。她由拉多加湖向西南流至

涅瓦河的地圖
和顯示其在歐洲的位置之插圖

涅瓦河長74公里，28公里在聖彼德堡境內，其餘的則在列寧格勒州境內。其由拉多加湖向西南流至其最南端－和其與Tosna River之交匯處相近，然後再轉向西北流至芬蘭灣。平均寬度400至600公尺，最大寬度1200公尺，最大深度24公尺。涅瓦河流域包括拉多加湖和奧湼加湖，分佈於俄羅斯西北部和芬蘭南部等廣大的面積上。

涅瓦河三角洲

The islands in the Neva delta formed by both natural armlets and artificial canals are occupied by the historical part of Saint Petersburg. 最大的海灣有：

最重要的水道和小河流有︰

著名的島嶼有︰

支流

涅瓦河有26條支流，主要的有︰

城市

歷史

In the Middle Ages the wide and navigable river had great importance as a link between the Baltics and the Volga portages leading to the Orient. It was a site of the famous Battle of the Neva (1240). Alexander Nevsky, Prince of Novgorod, won this battle, saving Russia from invasion, and took his title Nevsky (meaning 'Of the Neva') from this event.

During the 16th century the mouth of the Neva was the site of the Swedish fortress Nyen, and the inlet to the Ladoga of the Russian fortress Oreshek, later renamed Shlisselburg. The former was replaced with the Peter and Paul Fortress (Петропавловская Крепость — Petropavlovskaya Krepost') in 1703. Standing on the Hare Island (Заячий Остров — Zayachii Ostrov), the fortress is considered the first structure of present-day St Petersburg.

The Neva River at St. Petersburg, 1761.

航運

The Neva is the most northwestern part of the Volga-Baltic Waterway, the connection between the Volga River and the Baltic Sea. This waterway is navigable for even the largest inland vessels, and it is an important part of the inland shipping connection between St. Petersburg and Moscow. Many passenger vessels share this waterway with large transport ships. [1]

During Mid-Winter, the river becomes unnavigable due to freezing over.

瑣事

參見

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=涅瓦河&oldid=3193216”