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巴爾米拉之戰 (2016年12月)：修订间差异

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| combatant1={{flagicon|Syria}} '''敘利亞政府'''<br/>
| combatant1={{flagicon|Syria}} '''敘利亞政府'''<br/>
{{flag|Russia}}
{{flag|Russia}}
----
[[聯合特遣隊－堅決行動]]


| combatant2={{flagicon|Islamic State}} '''[[伊斯兰国]]'''
| combatant2={{flagicon|Islamic State}} '''[[伊斯兰国]]'''
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| strength2=4,000－5,000人<ref name="blitz"/>
| strength2=4,000－5,000人<ref name="blitz"/>
| casualties1=100人死，200人傷，30人失蹤（敘軍宣稱）<ref name="keeps">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-eastern-homs-continues-isis-keeps-attacking-map-update/|title=Battle of eastern Homs continues as ISIS keeps attacking: map update|first=Ivan|last=Yakovlev|date=10 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>
| casualties1=100人死，200人傷，30人失蹤（敘軍宣稱）<ref name="keeps">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-eastern-homs-continues-isis-keeps-attacking-map-update/|title=Battle of eastern Homs continues as ISIS keeps attacking: map update|first=Ivan|last=Yakovlev|date=10 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>
| casualties2=149人死（The Inside Source宣稱）<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/807880542217584640|title=The Inside Source on Twitter|publisher=}}</ref><br/>405人死（親敘利亞政府方面宣稱）<ref name="keeps"/><ref name="Firstattack"/><ref name="driveout">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/russian-syrian-forces-drive-isil-palmyra-161211074224138.html|title=Russian and Syrian forces drive ISIL out of Palmyra|publisher=}}</ref>
| casualties2=149人死（The Inside Source宣稱）<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/807880542217584640|title=The Inside Source on Twitter|publisher=}}</ref><br/>405人死（親敘利亞政府方面宣稱）<ref name="keeps"/><ref name="Firstattack"/><ref name="driveout"/>
| campaignbox =
| campaignbox =
}}
}}
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== 巴爾米拉失守 ==
== 巴爾米拉失守 ==
2016年12月8日，伊斯蘭國在霍姆斯省東北部發動進攻，被敘軍擊退，據報有60名武裝分子陣亡。<ref name="Firstattack">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-suffers-heavy-casualties-failed-offensive-north-palmyra/|title=ISIS suffers heavy casualties in failed offensive north of Palmyra|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=8 December 2016|publisher=al-Masdar News|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>同日稍後伊斯蘭國再度進攻，攻佔7個敘軍檢查站，至少34名親政府戰士陣亡，4人被俘。伊斯蘭國武裝分子推進至距離巴爾米拉不到4公里處。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/is-kills-26-syria-regime-fighters-in-homs-monitor-4417474/|title=IS kills 26 Syria regime fighters in Homs: monitor|date=8 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=56585 -{The “Islamic State” advances in new places at Palmyra area in the eastern desert of Homs}-]</ref><ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=56561 -{Violent and large-attack by the “Islamic State” in Palmyra on sites of the regime forces and on ancient Palace causes tens of casualties and injuries}-]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/second-attack-proves-successful-isis-seize-huwaysis-northeast-homs/|title=Second attack proves successful for ISIS as they seize Huwaysis in northeast Homs|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=8 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-islamic-state-idUSKBN13X2CM|title=Islamic State makes advances towards Palmyra: monitor|date=8 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016|via=Reuters}}</ref>在巴爾米拉東北方的穀倉也被伊斯蘭國攻佔。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSL5N1E43P1|title=Islamic State seizes more ground near Syria's Palmyra - monitoring group|date=9 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016|via=Reuters}}</ref>
2016年12月8日，伊斯蘭國在霍姆斯省東北部發動進攻，被敘軍擊退，據報有60名武裝分子陣亡。<ref name="Firstattack">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-suffers-heavy-casualties-failed-offensive-north-palmyra/|title=ISIS suffers heavy casualties in failed offensive north of Palmyra|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=8 December 2016|publisher=al-Masdar News|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>同日稍後伊斯蘭國再度進攻，攻佔7個敘軍檢查站，至少34名親政府戰士陣亡，4人被俘。伊斯蘭國武裝分子推進至距離巴爾米拉不到4公里處。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/is-kills-26-syria-regime-fighters-in-homs-monitor-4417474/|title=IS kills 26 Syria regime fighters in Homs: monitor|date=8 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=56585 -{The “Islamic State” advances in new places at Palmyra area in the eastern desert of Homs}-]</ref><ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=56561 -{Violent and large-attack by the “Islamic State” in Palmyra on sites of the regime forces and on ancient Palace causes tens of casualties and injuries}-]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/second-attack-proves-successful-isis-seize-huwaysis-northeast-homs/|title=Second attack proves successful for ISIS as they seize Huwaysis in northeast Homs|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=8 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-islamic-state-idUSKBN13X2CM|title=Islamic State makes advances towards Palmyra: monitor|date=8 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016|via=Reuters}}</ref>在巴爾米拉東北方的穀倉也被伊斯蘭國攻佔。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSL5N1E43P1|title=Islamic State seizes more ground near Syria's Palmyra - monitoring group|date=9 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016|via=Reuters}}</ref>在伊斯蘭國部隊於巴爾米拉附近集結的時候，[[聯合特遣隊－堅決行動]]趁機出擊，大舉空襲伊斯蘭國的運輸隊，共摧毀168輛油罐車。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/12/coalition-destroys-168-isis-oil-tankers-near-palmyra/|title=Coalition destroys 168 ISIS oil tankers near Palmyra - ARA News |date=2016-12-10|publisher=}}</ref>


敘軍於12月9日反攻，有15名士兵於一處油田附近發生的伏擊中喪生。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/islamic-state-jihadists-kill-49-syria-regime-fighters-near-palmyra-monitor/story-NJyG2q8cq0tfAuAAqQLnEK.html|title=Islamic State jihadists kill 49 Syria regime fighters near Palmyra: monitor|date=9 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>伊斯蘭國最終攻佔更多地方。<ref name="keeps"/><ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=56613 IS advances in Homs countryside over regime forces, and continued clashes in the area]</ref>
敘軍於12月9日反攻，有15名士兵於一處油田附近發生的伏擊中喪生，當日有報道宣稱至少49名政府軍士兵在過去24小時的戰鬥中陣亡。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/islamic-state-jihadists-kill-49-syria-regime-fighters-near-palmyra-monitor/story-NJyG2q8cq0tfAuAAqQLnEK.html |title=Islamic State jihadists kill 49 Syria regime fighters near Palmyra: monitor |date=2016-12-09 |publisher= |accessdate=2016-12-10}}</ref>伊斯蘭國最終攻佔更多地方。<ref name="keeps"/><ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=56613 IS advances in Homs countryside over regime forces, and continued clashes in the area]</ref>


12月10日，敘軍援兵抵達巴爾米拉。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKBN13Z073|title=Islamic State militants enter Palmyra after heavy fighting: monitor|date=10 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016|via=Reuters}}</ref>敘軍消滅至少45名武裝分子。伊斯蘭國推進至巴爾米拉的入口。俄敘空軍對巴爾米拉附近油田的伊斯蘭國據點展開空襲，摧毀了數輛裝甲車輛及一些其它車輛。<ref name="keeps"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-reaches-palmyras-gates-syrian-army-attempts-hold-city/|title=ISIS reaches Palmyra's gates as the Syrian Army attempts to hold the city|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=10 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>敘軍一架[[MiG-23]]戰機墜毀，伊斯蘭國宣稱是被其擊落。<ref name="MiG23-down">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-4019876/The-Latest-IS-says-shot-Syrian-jet-near-Palmyra.html|title=The Latest: IS says it shot down Syrian jet near Palmyra|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>伊斯蘭國稍後攻佔城西的泰爾山，並且攻入巴爾米拉。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-12/11/c_135895802.htm|title=Islamic State re-enters Syria's Palmyra - Xinhua - English.news.cn|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>在該日之內，伊斯蘭國已佔領巴爾米拉的大部分，包括[[巴爾米拉城堡]]。<ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=56724 Russian warplanes target IS in Tadmur and IS takes almost full control on the city]</ref>巴爾米拉的居民由敘軍協助撤離。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201612111048428715-palmyra-daesh-residents-evacuated-fight/|title=Palmyra Residents Evacuated, Syrian Army Fighting Daesh in Suburbs - Source|first=|last=Sputnik|publisher=}}</ref>
12月10日，敘軍援兵抵達巴爾米拉。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKBN13Z073|title=Islamic State militants enter Palmyra after heavy fighting: monitor|date=10 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016|via=Reuters}}</ref>敘軍在巴爾米拉穀倉附近消滅至少45名武裝分子及擊毀3輛敵方坦克，但是仍未能阻止武裝分子進抵巴爾米拉的入口。俄敘空軍對巴爾米拉附近油田的伊斯蘭國據點展開空襲，摧毀了數輛裝甲車輛及一些其它車輛。<ref name="keeps"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-reaches-palmyras-gates-syrian-army-attempts-hold-city/|title=ISIS reaches Palmyra's gates as the Syrian Army attempts to hold the city|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=10 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>敘軍一架[[MiG-23]]戰機墜毀，伊斯蘭國宣稱是被其擊落。<ref name="MiG23-down">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-4019876/The-Latest-IS-says-shot-Syrian-jet-near-Palmyra.html|title=The Latest: IS says it shot down Syrian jet near Palmyra|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>伊斯蘭國稍後攻佔城西的泰爾山，並且攻入巴爾米拉。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-12/11/c_135895802.htm|title=Islamic State re-enters Syria's Palmyra - Xinhua - English.news.cn|publisher=|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref>在該日之內，伊斯蘭國已佔領巴爾米拉的大部分，包括[[巴爾米拉城堡]]。<ref>[http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=56724 Russian warplanes target IS in Tadmur and IS takes almost full control on the city]</ref>巴爾米拉的居民由敘軍協助撤離。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201612111048428715-palmyra-daesh-residents-evacuated-fight/|title=Palmyra Residents Evacuated, Syrian Army Fighting Daesh in Suburbs - Source|first=|last=Sputnik|publisher=}}</ref>

12月11日，地面上的敘軍在俄敘空軍支援下<ref name="counterattack">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-counterattacks-palmyra-outskirts-order-secure-city/|title=Syrian Army counterattacks on Palmyra outskirts in order to secure the city|first=Ivan|last=Yakovlev|date=2016-12-11 |publisher=}}</ref>發起反攻，成功把伊斯蘭國武裝分子趕出巴爾米拉城。<ref name="driveout">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/russian-syrian-forces-drive-isil-palmyra-161211074224138.html|title=Russian and Syrian forces drive ISIL out of Palmyra|publisher=}}</ref>俄羅斯國防部宣稱有超過300名武裝分子被消滅。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/10/islamic-state-back-unesco-world-heritage-city-palmyra-surprise/|title=Isil retakes historic city of Palmyra|publisher=}}</ref>不過伊斯蘭國在當日稍後再次進攻巴爾米拉，<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-palmyra-idUSKBN13Z073|title=Syrian official says Palmyra falls again to Islamic State|date=11 December 2016|publisher=|via=Reuters}}</ref>最終敘軍被迫撤出巴爾米拉，伊斯蘭國再一次完全佔領該市。<ref name="11Dec2016capture"/>


==參考文獻==
==參考文獻==

2016年12月15日 (四) 01:11的版本

巴爾米拉之戰（2016年12月）
叙利亚内战的一部分

自2016年12月8日以來被伊斯蘭國攻佔的區域
日期2016年12月8日－
地点
敘利亞霍姆斯省泰德穆爾區
状态

進行中

参战方

叙利亚 敘利亞政府
 俄羅斯

聯合特遣隊－堅決行動		 伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國 伊斯兰国
参战单位

敘利亞武裝部隊

俄罗斯空军[3]
兵力
1,000人[2] 4,000－5,000人[2]
伤亡与损失
100人死，200人傷，30人失蹤（敘軍宣稱）[4] 149人死（The Inside Source宣稱）[5]
405人死（親敘利亞政府方面宣稱）[4][6][7]

2016年12月的巴爾米拉之戰是伊斯兰国向敘利亞古城巴尔米拉發起的進攻行動。[1][6]伊斯蘭國曾於2015年攻佔巴爾米拉，但於2016年3月被敘利亞政府軍奪回。

背景

自從巴爾米拉於2016年3月被收復後，敘利亞政府把收復阿勒頗和收復大馬士革郊區列為主要任務， [8]留守巴爾米拉的敘軍兵力有限。另一方面，美國支持的敘利亞民主力量於2016年11月開始的進攻拉卡行動流於「宣傳多於行動」，對伊斯蘭國的威脅不大，讓伊斯蘭國得以集中兵力進攻巴爾米拉一帶的敘軍。[9][10]

巴爾米拉失守

2016年12月8日，伊斯蘭國在霍姆斯省東北部發動進攻，被敘軍擊退，據報有60名武裝分子陣亡。[6]同日稍後伊斯蘭國再度進攻，攻佔7個敘軍檢查站，至少34名親政府戰士陣亡，4人被俘。伊斯蘭國武裝分子推進至距離巴爾米拉不到4公里處。[11][12][13][14][15]在巴爾米拉東北方的穀倉也被伊斯蘭國攻佔。[16]在伊斯蘭國部隊於巴爾米拉附近集結的時候，聯合特遣隊－堅決行動趁機出擊，大舉空襲伊斯蘭國的運輸隊，共摧毀168輛油罐車。[17]

敘軍於12月9日反攻，有15名士兵於一處油田附近發生的伏擊中喪生，當日有報道宣稱至少49名政府軍士兵在過去24小時的戰鬥中陣亡。[18]伊斯蘭國最終攻佔更多地方。[4][19]

12月10日，敘軍援兵抵達巴爾米拉。[20]敘軍在巴爾米拉穀倉附近消滅至少45名武裝分子及擊毀3輛敵方坦克，但是仍未能阻止武裝分子進抵巴爾米拉的入口。俄敘空軍對巴爾米拉附近油田的伊斯蘭國據點展開空襲，摧毀了數輛裝甲車輛及一些其它車輛。[4][21]敘軍一架MiG-23戰機墜毀，伊斯蘭國宣稱是被其擊落。[22]伊斯蘭國稍後攻佔城西的泰爾山，並且攻入巴爾米拉。[23]在該日之內，伊斯蘭國已佔領巴爾米拉的大部分，包括巴爾米拉城堡。[24]巴爾米拉的居民由敘軍協助撤離。[25]

12月11日，地面上的敘軍在俄敘空軍支援下[26]發起反攻，成功把伊斯蘭國武裝分子趕出巴爾米拉城。[7]俄羅斯國防部宣稱有超過300名武裝分子被消滅。[27]不過伊斯蘭國在當日稍後再次進攻巴爾米拉，[28]最終敘軍被迫撤出巴爾米拉，伊斯蘭國再一次完全佔領該市。[1]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 agencies, The New Arab &. Islamic State recaptures Palmyra after Syria army withdrawal. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Tomson, Chris. ISIS fully retakes Palmyra in stunning blitz offensive – Map update. al-Masdar News. 11 December 2016 [11 December 2016]. 
  3. ^ Yakovlev, Ivan. Syrian Army repels first ISIS assault on T-4 Airbase, prepares for a second wave. al-Masdar News. 12 December 2016 [12 December 2016]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Yakovlev, Ivan. Battle of eastern Homs continues as ISIS keeps attacking: map update. 10 December 2016 [10 December 2016]. 
  5. ^ The Inside Source on Twitter. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Fadel, Leith. ISIS suffers heavy casualties in failed offensive north of Palmyra. al-Masdar News. 8 December 2016 [10 December 2016]. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Russian and Syrian forces drive ISIL out of Palmyra. 
  8. ^ Islamic State fighters 're-enter ancient Palmyra' in Syria. BBC. 10 December 2016 [10 December 2016]. 
  9. ^ 美国务院不排除“伊斯兰国”武装分子或从摩苏尔抵达巴尔米拉地区. 俄羅斯衛星網. 2016-12-13. 
  10. ^ 美国否认在“伊斯兰国”反攻巴尔米拉之时停止支持进攻拉卡. 俄羅斯衛星網. 2016-12-13. 
  11. ^ IS kills 26 Syria regime fighters in Homs: monitor. 8 December 2016 [10 December 2016]. 
  12. ^ The “Islamic State” advances in new places at Palmyra area in the eastern desert of Homs
  13. ^ Violent and large-attack by the “Islamic State” in Palmyra on sites of the regime forces and on ancient Palace causes tens of casualties and injuries
  14. ^ Fadel, Leith. Second attack proves successful for ISIS as they seize Huwaysis in northeast Homs. 8 December 2016 [10 December 2016]. 
  15. ^ Islamic State makes advances towards Palmyra: monitor. 8 December 2016 [10 December 2016] –通过Reuters. 
  16. ^ Islamic State seizes more ground near Syria's Palmyra - monitoring group. 9 December 2016 [10 December 2016] –通过Reuters. 
  17. ^ Coalition destroys 168 ISIS oil tankers near Palmyra - ARA News. 2016-12-10. 
  18. ^ Islamic State jihadists kill 49 Syria regime fighters near Palmyra: monitor. 2016-12-09 [2016-12-10]. 
  19. ^ IS advances in Homs countryside over regime forces, and continued clashes in the area
  20. ^ Islamic State militants enter Palmyra after heavy fighting: monitor. 10 December 2016 [10 December 2016] –通过Reuters. 
  21. ^ Fadel, Leith. ISIS reaches Palmyra's gates as the Syrian Army attempts to hold the city. 10 December 2016 [10 December 2016]. 
  22. ^ The Latest: IS says it shot down Syrian jet near Palmyra. [10 December 2016]. 
  23. ^ Islamic State re-enters Syria's Palmyra - Xinhua - English.news.cn. [10 December 2016]. 
  24. ^ Russian warplanes target IS in Tadmur and IS takes almost full control on the city
  25. ^ Sputnik. Palmyra Residents Evacuated, Syrian Army Fighting Daesh in Suburbs - Source. 
  26. ^ Yakovlev, Ivan. Syrian Army counterattacks on Palmyra outskirts in order to secure the city. 2016-12-11. 
  27. ^ Isil retakes historic city of Palmyra. 
  28. ^ Syrian official says Palmyra falls again to Islamic State. 11 December 2016 –通过Reuters. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=巴爾米拉之戰_(2016年12月)&oldid=42459493”