家用伺服器：修订间差异

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行内

2007年6月18日 (一) 15:49的版本

家用伺服器是一部裝置，通常是個人電腦或其他電腦，並連接著家用網路，以為家中的其他裝置提供服務。這些服務可以包括資源共享、媒體中心服務、網站服務、身份認證及網域控制。因為家用網路的電腦數量比較少，所以家用伺服器通常都不必使用最新及最快的硬體。用家通常是把舊電腦循環再用，所以配備1GHz處理器及256M位元組記憶體的家用伺服器系統相當普遍。如果要有檔案伺服器服務，則可能需要較大及較快的硬碟（ATA-100 或串聯 ATA）及網路卡。另外建議有一套 UPS （即不斷電系統），防止斷電意外導致遺失資料。

作業系統

家用伺服器可以使用任何作業系統，有些可以不用圖形使用者介面（騰出更多資源做其他工作）而用命令列來進行日常管理工作，或經VNC或Webmin等程式來使用圖形使用者介面。

使用者可以購買Windows的額外授權來安裝在家用伺服器上，或者選用免費方案，如免費的Linux或BSD UNIX。它們可以以最少授權限制的方式安裝在任何數量的電腦上。

家用伺服器的用途

中央儲存

家用伺服器通常都會扮演網路儲存設備的角色，為所有使用者提供安全的檔案儲存服務，而且擁有存取控制管理。儲存在裡面的檔案可以經網路上任何系統在每日24小時、每星期7天任意存取（當然需要有適當的權限）。共用印表機的原理也大致相同。

如果檔案需要在網際網路上共用的話，則需要用上如FTP等的服務。

媒體共享

家用伺服器經常會用作提供多媒體內容，包括相片、音樂及影片到家中的其他裝置（甚至到網際網路上，見Place Shifting及Orb）。使用如DNLA的標準通訊協定或如iTunes的專屬系統，使用者可以在家中任何地方存取儲存了的媒體。Windows XP Media Center Edition及Windows Vista都可以扮演成家用伺服器，向包括XBox360的Media Center Extenders提供某種媒體的互動體驗。

而在Linux的伺服器上，也有很多開放源程式碼（而且免費），功能完整，一站式的媒體分享軟體方案可供選擇。其中一個是LinuxMCE，它容許其他裝置伺服器上的其中一個硬碟影像，使它變成如機頂盒的應用方案。Asterisk、Xine、, MythTV（另一個媒體分享解決方案）、Firefox、VideoLAN、SlimServer及其他開放源程式碼都完全整合，提供完整無縫的家庭劇場等體驗。如果使用專屬系統的話，那可能要花上約10萬美元（包括硬體及度身訂做的程式編寫）。^[1].

在Apple的Macintosh伺服器（或點對點的終端）上，可以使用Front Row。

遠端存取

The Webmin Interface as it would appear in a standard browser.

網際網路上的裝置使用一些遠端管理程式的話，家用伺服器就可以提供遠端存取家中資源的方式。譬如，Windows Home Server提供網頁介面或 Remote Desktop來存取家用伺服器上的檔案。進階者甚至會使用VPN。

在Linux伺服器上，最有名的兩項工具（其實還有很多）是Virtual Network Computing（VNC）及Webmin。VNC容許遠端使用者看得見伺服器上的GUI桌面，就有如真的坐在伺服器前一樣。在伺服器的畫面不必真的有這個GUI；同時間甚至可以有多個「虛擬」桌面環境在執行。Webmin則容許使用者在一個簡單的網頁介面上，執行許多伺服器設定及維護的工作。兩者都可以設定成容許在網際網路任何地方連接。

伺服器也可以以文字模式作遠端存取，如Telnet及SSH通訊協定。

網站服務

Some users choose to run a web server in order to share files easily and publicly (or privately, on the home network). Others set up web pages and serve them straight from their home, although this may be in violation of some ISPs terms of service. Sometimes these webservers are run on a nonstandard port in order to avoid the ISP's port blocking. The most widely used web server is the open source Apache daemon. It is easily configured, flexible, free, and runs on most recent operating systems.

Many other webservers are available including lighttpd and several of the less popular Windows-only servers that are extremely easy to configure with a GUI but lack the more advanced features.

電子郵件

Many home servers also run email servers that handle email for the owner's domain name. The advantages are having much bigger mailboxes and maximum message size than most commercial email services. Access to the server, since it is on the local network is much faster than using an external service. This is also good for privacy as emails don't reside on an offsite server where they could possibly be viewed by disgruntled administrators.

BitTorrent

Home servers are ideal for utilising the BitTorrent protocol for downloading and seeding files as some torrents can take days, or even weeks to complete an uninterrupted connection would be an advantage. There are many command-line based clients such as rTorrent and web-based ones such as TorrentFlux available for this purpose. BitTorrent also makes it easier for those with limited bandwidth to distribute large files over the internet.

Gopher

An uncommon and outdated service is the Gopher protocol that came about in the early 90's before HTTP. Many of the remaining gopher servers are run off home servers utilising PyGopherd and the Bucktooth gopher server.

家居自動化

Home automation requires a device in the home that is available 24/7. Often such home automation controllers are run on a home server.

保安監察

Relatively low cost CCTV DVR solutions are available that allow recording of video cameras to a home server for security purposes. The video can then be viewed on PCs or other devices in the house.

家庭用應用程式

Home servers can act as a host to family oriented applications such as a family calendar, to-do lists, and message boards.

參見

家用伺服器作業系統

家用伺服器技術

媒體共享軟件

伺服器軟件

外部連結

參考資料

^ http://wiki.linuxmce.com/index.php/What_does_an_appliance_solution_like_LinuxMCE_cost%3F

[1] ttp://wiki.linuxmce.com/index.php/What_does_an_appliance_solution_like_LinuxMCE_cost%3F

[1]

@@ 第47行： / 第47行： @@
 ===遠端存取===
 [[Image:Webmin1dot290.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The Webmin Interface as it would appear in a standard browser.]]
-A home server can be used to provide remote access into the home from devices on the Internet, using [[remote desktop software]] and other [[remote administration]] software. For example, [[Windows Home Server]] provides access to files stored on the home server via a web interface as well as access to [[Terminal Services|Remote Desktop]] sessions on PCs in the house. Enthusiasts often use [[VPN]] technologies as well.
+<!--A home server can be used to provide remote access into the home from devices on the Internet, using [[remote desktop software]] and other [[remote administration]] software. For example, [[Windows Home Server]] provides access to files stored on the home server via a web interface as well as access to [[Terminal Services|Remote Desktop]] sessions on PCs in the house. Enthusiasts often use [[VPN]] technologies as well.
 On a Linux server, two popular tools are (among many) [[VNC|Virtual Network Computing]] and [[Webmin]]. VNC allows clients to remotely view a server GUI desktop as if the user was physically sitting in front of the server. A GUI need not be running on the server console for this to occur; there can be multiple 'virtual' desktop environments open at the same time. Webmin allows users to control many aspects of server configuration and maintenance all from a simple web interface. Both can be configured to be accessed from anywhere on the [[internet]].
 Servers can also be accessed remotely using the commandline-based [[Telnet]] and [[SSH]] protocols.
+-->
+網際網路上的裝置使用一些[[遠端管理]]程式的話，家用伺服器就可以提供遠端存取家中資源的方式。譬如，[[Windows Home Server]]提供網頁介面或 [[Terminal Services|Remote Desktop]]來存取家用伺服器上的檔案。進階者甚至會使用[[VPN]]。
+在Linux伺服器上，最有名的兩項工具（其實還有很多）是[[VNC|Virtual Network Computing]]（VNC）及[[Webmin]]。VNC容許遠端使用者看得見伺服器上的GUI桌面，就有如真的坐在伺服器前一樣。在伺服器的畫面不必真的有這個GUI；同時間甚至可以有多個「虛擬」桌面環境在執行。Webmin則容許使用者在一個簡單的網頁介面上，執行許多伺服器設定及維護的工作。兩者都可以設定成容許在網際網路任何地方連接。
+伺服器也可以以文字模式作遠端存取，如[[Telnet]]及[[SSH]]通訊協定。
 ===網站服務===