己糖激酶:修订间差异
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{{Enzyme |
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| 名稱 = 六碳糖激酶 |
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|{{Protbox |
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| 圖片 = [[image:Hexokinase.png|220px]]<br>圖左是沒有葡萄糖的狀態<br>圖右則是接上了葡萄糖的狀態 |
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| Name = Hexokinase 1 |
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|Photo= |
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| 基因位置 = [[10號染色體 (人類)|Chr. 10]] ''q22'' |
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|Caption= |
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| 分類 = [[轉移酶]] |
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| HGNCid = 4922 |
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| 反應物 = D-己糖(D-六碳糖;在生物體內主要是[[葡萄糖|D-葡萄糖]])+ ATP |
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| Symbol = HK1 |
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| 產物 = D-己糖-6-磷酸 + ADP |
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|AltSymbols = |
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| Chromosome = 10 |
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| Arm = q |
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| Band = 22 |
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| LocusSupplementaryData = |
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|Gene= |
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|Gene_type= |
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|Protein_length= |
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|Molecular_weight= |
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|Structure= |
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|Type= |
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|Functions= |
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|Domains= |
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|Motifs= |
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|Alternative_products=4 known [[isoforms]] created by alternate splicing |
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|Catalytic_activity=[[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] + D-[[hexose]] = [[adenosine diphosphate|ADP]] + D-[[hexose]] 6-[[phosphate]] |
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|Cofactors= |
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|Enzyme_regulation= inhibited by its product [[glucose-6-phosphate|Glc-6-P]] |
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|Km= |
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|Vmax= |
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|Biophysicochemical_properties= |
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|Diseases=[[Hexokinase deficiency]] {{OMIM|235700}} |
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|Pharmaceuticals= |
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|Biotechnology= |
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|Taxa=''[[H. sapiens]]''; [[Homologous series|homologs]] in many taxa, spanning several [[domains]] |
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|Cells= |
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|Location=Primary:[[Cytoplasm]]; Secondary:[[Mitochondrion]], [[Plasma membrane]] |
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|Mods= |
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|Names= |
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|Pathways= |
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|Interactions= |
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|Actions= |
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|Agonists= |
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|Antagonists= |
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|Accession_numbers= |
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| EntrezGene = 3098 |
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| OMIM = 142600 |
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| RefSeq = NM_000188 |
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| UniProt = P19367 |
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|PDB = |
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| ECnumber = 2.7.1.1 |
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|Codes= |
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|Review= |
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|Pages= |
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}} |
}} |
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|{{Protbox |
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| Name = hexokinase 2 |
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| caption = |
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| image = |
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| width = |
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| HGNCid = 4923 |
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| Symbol = HK2 |
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| AltSymbols = |
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| EntrezGene = 3099 |
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| OMIM = 601125 |
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| RefSeq = NM_000189 |
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| UniProt = P52789 |
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| PDB = |
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| ECnumber = 2.7.1.1 |
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| Chromosome = 2 |
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| Arm = p |
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| Band = 13 |
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| LocusSupplementaryData = |
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}} |
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|- |
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|{{Protbox |
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| Name = hexokinase 3 (white cell) |
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| caption = |
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| image = |
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| width = |
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| HGNCid = 4925 |
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| Symbol = HK3 |
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| AltSymbols = |
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| EntrezGene = 3101 |
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| OMIM = 142570 |
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| RefSeq = NM_002115 |
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| UniProt = P52790 |
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| PDB = |
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| ECnumber = 2.7.1.1 |
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| Chromosome = 5 |
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| Arm = q |
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| Band = 35.2 |
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| LocusSupplementaryData = |
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}} |
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'''六碳糖激酶'''又稱'''六碳糖激酶I'''(英語:'''Hexokinase''')是生物體內的重要[[酵素]],功能是參與D-己糖(六碳糖,例如D-葡萄糖、D-[[果糖]]、D-[[甘露糖]])磷酸化產生D-己糖-6-磷酸的過程,這個過程會消耗一個[[ATP]],並使其轉變成[[ADP]]。 |
'''六碳糖激酶'''又稱'''六碳糖激酶I'''(英語:'''Hexokinase''')是生物體內的重要[[酵素]],功能是參與D-己糖(六碳糖,例如D-葡萄糖、D-[[果糖]]、D-[[甘露糖]])磷酸化產生D-己糖-6-磷酸的過程,這個過程會消耗一個[[ATP]],並使其轉變成[[ADP]]。 |
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2007年7月9日 (一) 14:30的版本
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六碳糖激酶又稱六碳糖激酶I(英語:Hexokinase)是生物體內的重要酵素,功能是參與D-己糖(六碳糖,例如D-葡萄糖、D-果糖、D-甘露糖)磷酸化產生D-己糖-6-磷酸的過程,這個過程會消耗一個ATP,並使其轉變成ADP。
分類
六碳糖激酶目前已知有4種不同的型態,這些型態差異是來自相同基因的選擇性剪接(alternate splicing),也就是將基因上的外顯子(由內含子隔開的部分)重新組合。
此外在不同類型的細胞中,也有許多功能或結構與六碳糖激酶相似的酵素,包括六碳糖激酶II、六碳糖激酶II,以及與前三者差異較大的六碳糖激酶IV(又稱為葡萄糖激酶)。這類酵素稱為同功酶(isozymes),它們擁有相同的作用,但是卻是由不同的基因所製造。
糖解作用
在糖解作用的第一個步驟中,此酵素會將葡萄糖轉變成為葡萄糖-6-磷酸,並消耗一個ATP。在這個過程中,需要Mg2+(鎂離子)的參與。此外,實際上的反應物並不是ATP,而是ATP與Mg2+的複合物,稱為MgATP2-。反應式如下:
- 葡萄糖-CH2OH + MgATP2- → 葡萄糖-CH2O-PO32- + MgADP- + H+
- (其他擁有「-CH2OH」的六碳糖也依循相同的反應式。)