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睪酮 (藥物):修订间差异

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<!--Clinical data-->
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Androderm, others
| tradename = Androderm,其他
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|testosterone}}
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|testosterone}}
| MedlinePlus = a614041
| MedlinePlus = a614041
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<!-- History, society and culture -->
<!-- History, society and culture -->
睪酮於 1935 年被分離出來,<ref>{{cite book|last1=N. Taylor|first1=William|title=Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed.|date=2002|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786411283|page=180|edition=2|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=OGcQ0Tp2AFcC&pg=PA180|language=en}}</ref>在美國的使用率於 2001 年至 2011 年間成長為三倍。<ref name=Des2016>{{cite journal|last1=Desroches|first1=B|last2=Kohn|first2=TP|last3=Welliver|first3=C|last4=Pastuszak|first4=AW|title=Testosterone therapy in the new era of Food and Drug Administration oversight.|journal=Translational andrology and urology|date=April 2016|volume=5|issue=2|pages=207-12|pmid=27141448}}</ref>它被列在[[世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单]]中,一個在基本醫療制度中所需最重要的藥物清單。<ref name=WHO2015E>{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf |title=19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015) |date=April 2015 |accessdate=May 10, 2015 |publisher=WHO }}</ref>它是一種[[通用药物|通用的]],<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web|title=Testosterone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/testosterone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=3 September 2016|date=December 4, 2015}}</ref>它的價格會根據使用的方法所決定。<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=197}}</ref>
睪酮於 1935 年被分離出來,<ref>{{cite book|last1=N. Taylor|first1=William|title=Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed.|date=2002|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786411283|page=180|edition=2|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=OGcQ0Tp2AFcC&pg=PA180|language=en}}</ref>在美國的使用率於 2001 年至 2011 年間成長為三倍。<ref name=Des2016>{{cite journal|last1=Desroches|first1=B|last2=Kohn|first2=TP|last3=Welliver|first3=C|last4=Pastuszak|first4=AW|title=Testosterone therapy in the new era of Food and Drug Administration oversight.|journal=Translational andrology and urology|date=April 2016|volume=5|issue=2|pages=207-12|pmid=27141448}}</ref>它被列在[[世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单]]中,一個在基本醫療制度中所需最重要的藥物清單。<ref name=WHO2015E>{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf |title=19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015) |date=April 2015 |accessdate=May 10, 2015 |publisher=WHO }}</ref>它是一種[[名藥]],<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web|title=Testosterone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/testosterone.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=3 September 2016|date=December 4, 2015}}</ref>它的價格會根據使用的方法所決定。<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=197}}</ref>


==参考资料==
==参考资料==

2017年11月15日 (三) 06:38的版本

睪酮
Testosterone
(INN, USAN, BAN, JAN)
臨床資料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureAndroderm,其他
其他名稱Δ4-Androsten-17β-ol-3-one
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa614041
核准狀況
懷孕分級
给药途径Intramuscular injection, transdermal (cream, gel, or patch), sub-Q pellet
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度Low (due to extensive first pass metabolism)
药物代谢Liver, testis and prostate
生物半衰期2–4 hours
排泄途徑Urine (90%), feces (6%)
识别信息
  • (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)- 17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl- 1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17- dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
CAS号58-22-0
57-85-2 (propionate ester))  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
化学信息
化学式C19H28O2
摩尔质量288.42
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
比旋度英语Specific rotation+110.2°
熔点155 °C(311 °F)
  • O=C4\C=C2/[C@]([C@H]1CC[C@@]3([C@@H](O)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4
  • InChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N checkY

睪酮是一種藥品,也是自然常見的類固醇激素[1]醫藥上用來治療男性性腺功能低下症以及特定類型的乳癌,也用以增強運動能力[1]目前尚不清楚在男性更年期使用睪酮會帶來好處或是壞處。[2]睪酮可以於皮膚塗抹、注射入肌肉或是放在臉頰上使用。[1]

常見的副作用包括痤疮、腫脹和男性的乳房脹大,嚴重的副作用可能包含肝毒性英语Hepatotoxicity心血管疾病和行為上的轉變,女性與幼兒暴露在睪酮可能引發男性化,那些患有前列腺癌不推薦使用此藥物,妊娠哺乳期間可能會造成危害。[1]

睪酮主要由雄性睪丸所製造,少部分在腎上腺雌性卵巢[3]它是雄性主要的性类固醇並且在男性生殖系統的發育中扮演重要的角色,在成年男性中它促使第二性徵包括肌肉和體毛的增長。[4]普遍來說成年男性的睪酮濃度會高於女性五倍。[5]

睪酮於 1935 年被分離出來,[6]在美國的使用率於 2001 年至 2011 年間成長為三倍。[7]它被列在世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单中,一個在基本醫療制度中所需最重要的藥物清單。[8]它是一種學名藥[1]它的價格會根據使用的方法所決定。[9]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Testosterone. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. December 4, 2015 [3 September 2016]. 
  2. ^ Staff. Testosterone Products: Drug Safety Communication – FDA Cautions About Using Testosterone Products for Low Testosterone Due to Aging; Requires Labeling Change to Inform of Possible Increased Risk of Heart Attack And Stroke. FDA. 3 March 2015 [5 March 2015]. 
  3. ^ Puri, Dinesh. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry 3. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 631. ISBN 9788131238059 (英语). 
  4. ^ Heffner, Linda J.; Schust, Danny J. The Reproductive System at a Glance. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 17. ISBN 9781405194525 (英语). 
  5. ^ Burtis, Carl A.; Ashwood, Edward R.; Bruns, David E. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics 5. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 1975. ISBN 1455759422 (英语). 
  6. ^ N. Taylor, William. Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed. 2. McFarland. 2002: 180. ISBN 9780786411283 (英语). 
  7. ^ Desroches, B; Kohn, TP; Welliver, C; Pastuszak, AW. Testosterone therapy in the new era of Food and Drug Administration oversight.. Translational andrology and urology. April 2016, 5 (2): 207–12. PMID 27141448. 
  8. ^ 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015) (PDF). WHO. April 2015 [May 10, 2015]. 
  9. ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 197. ISBN 9781284057560.