恆星光度列表:修订间差异
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下面的恆星列表是依據恆星的絕對[[熱星等]]增加([[發光度]]減弱)的順序排列。[[絕對星等]]是恆星在距離地球10[[秒差距]]所呈現的[[視星等]]。絕對熱星等是測量恆星的發光度–一顆[[恆星]]每秒鐘所[[太陽輻射|輻射]]的總能量。 |
下面的恆星列表是依據恆星的絕對[[熱星等]]增加([[發光度]]減弱)的順序排列。[[絕對星等]]是恆星在距離地球10[[秒差距]]所呈現的[[視星等]]。絕對熱星等是測量恆星的發光度–一顆[[恆星]]每秒鐘所[[太陽輻射|輻射]]的總能量。 |
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2018年2月12日 (一) 02:42的版本
下面的恆星列表是依據恆星的絕對熱星等增加(發光度減弱)的順序排列。絕對星等是恆星在距離地球10秒差距所呈現的視星等。絕對熱星等是測量恆星的發光度–一顆恆星每秒鐘所輻射的總能量。
這個表并不十分完整,因為一顆恆星的距離如果遠到我們看不到它,我們就無從得知它的發光度。
一些參考資料所給的恆星發光度非常的不一樣(不同的順序或不同的恆星),這些恆星的不同數據資料有些不見得是不可靠,而是注意的和分析時注重的物理資訊不同和有實際上的困難。
恒星名称 | 辐射热光度 (太阳光度=1) |
绝对热星等 |
距太阳系距离 (光年) |
视星等 | 有效温度 (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
R136a1 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 710000 8 | −12.5 | 000 163 | 12.23 | 000±3000 53 |
Melnick 34 (BAT99-116)(在大麦哲伦星系) | 079000 7 | −11.9[1] | 000 160 | 13.10 | 000 53 |
M33-013406.63 (在三角座星系) | 400000- 6280000 10 | −12.2 到 −12.7[2] | 380000- 2070000 3 | 16.1 | |
WR 25 (在船底座星云) | 300000 6 | −12.16[3] | 7500 | 8.80 | 100 / ? 50 |
NGC 2363-V1 | 300000 6 | −12.16[4][5] | 100000 11 | 17.88 | 000- 13000 26 |
R136c (在大麦哲伦星系) | 623000 5 | −12.0 | 000 160 | 12.86 | 000 51 |
海山二 (在船底座星云) | 000000 5 | −12.0[6] | 7500 | −0.8 到 7.9[7] | 200 37 |
BAT99-98 (AB12)(在大麦哲伦星系) | 000000 5 | −12.0[8] | 000 165 | 13.70 | 000 45 |
G0.238-0.071 | 000000 5 | −12.0[9] | 000 26 | ||
HD 38282 (R144)(在大麦哲伦星系) | 500000 4 | −11.9[10] | 000 160 | 11.11 | 000 47 |
R136a2 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 266000 4 | −11.7 | 000 160 | 12.34 | 000 53 |
人马座V4998 (在五合星团附近) | 000000 4 | −11.7[11] | 000 25 | 000 12 | |
R136a3 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 802000 3 | −11.6 | 000 160 | 12.97 | 000 53 |
R136a6 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 311000 3 | −11.5 | 000 165 | 13.35 | |
G0.070+0.025 | 300000 3 | −11.5[9] | 000 26 | ||
Var A-1 (在仙女座星系) | 200000 3 | −11.5[12] | 450000 2 | 17.143[13] | 400- 20100 28[12] |
WR 102ka | 200000 3 | −11.5 | 100 26 | 100 25 | |
VFTS 682 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 200000 3 | −11.5 | 000 160 | 16.1 | 210±2500 52 |
WR 42e | 200000 3 | −11.5[14][a] | 000 25 | 14.53 | 652 43 |
BAT99-33 (R99)(在大麦哲伦星系) | 200000 3 | −11.4[8] | 000 160 | 11.45 | 000 28 |
LSS 4067 | 000000 3 | −11.4[15] | 8200 | 11.64 | 800 32 |
NGC 3603-B | 900000 2 | −11.3[1] | 000 24 | 11.33 | 000 42 |
G0.059-0.068 | 880000 2 | −11.4[9] | 000 26 | ||
R136a4 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 884000 2 | −11.3 | 000 160 | 13.96 | 000±6000 51[1] |
WR 102hb | 600000 2 | −11.3[16] | 000 26 | 100 25 | |
AFGL 2298 | 500000 2 | −11.25[4] | 000 33 | ||
Melnick 42 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 500000 2 | −11.25 | 000 160 | 12.8 | 300 47 |
WR 102ea | 500000 2 | −11.25[16] | 000 26 | 100 25 | |
WR 85 | 500000 2 | −11.25[3] | 300 15 | 10.03 | 100 50[3] |
BAT99-117 (R146)(在大麦哲伦星系) | 500000 2 | −11.2[8] | 000 160 | 13.116 | |
NGC 3603-A1a | 500000 2 | −11.2[1] | 000 24 | 11.18(综合A1a和A1b) | 000 42 |
LHO 146 | 500000 2 | −11.2 | 000 26 | 8.7 | ~000 35 |
Var 83 (在三角座星系) | 240000 2 | −11.1[17] | 000000 3 | 16.40 | 000- 18000 37 |
WR 158 | 200000 2 | −11.1[3] | 000 26 | 11.24 | 700 44[3] |
圆拱星团-F6 | 300000 2 | −11.1 | 000 25 | 900 33 | |
圆拱星团-F9 | 300000 2 | −11.1 | 000 25 | 600 36 | |
HD 5980A (在小麦哲伦星系) | 200000 2 | −11.1[18] | 000 200 | 11.7 | 000- 21000 53 |
WR 24 (在船底座星云) | 200000 2 | −11.1[3] | 8200 | 6.48 | 100 50 |
HD 269810 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 200000 2 | −11.1[19] | 000 170 | 12.28 | 500 52 |
天鹅座OB2-516 | 200000 2 | −11.1 | 5000 | 11.84[20] | |
BAT99-96 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 200000 2 | −11.1[8] | 000 160 | 13.76 | |
G0.058+0.014 | 140000 2 | −11.1[9] | 000 26 | ||
R136a5 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 089000 2 | −11.0 | 000 165 | 13.71 | ~000 50[1] |
LBV 1806-20 | 000000 2 | −11.0 | 700 38 | 000- 18000 32 | |
圆拱星团-F4 | 000000 2 | −11.0 | 000 25 | 800 36 | |
WR 82 | 000000 2 | −11.0[3] | 200 17 | 11.55 | 200 56[3] |
WR 131 | 000000 2 | −11.0[3] | 600 38 | 12.08 | 700 44[3] |
WR 147 | 000000 2 | −11.0[3] | 2100 | 14.89 | 800 39[3] |
圆拱星团-F7 | 000000 2 | −11.0 | 000 25 | 900 32 | |
圆拱星团-F1 | 000000 2 | −11.0 | 000 25 | 200 33 | |
WR 22 A (船底座V429)(在船底座星云) | 000000 2 | −11.0 | 8200 | 6.42 | 700 44 |
R136b (在大麦哲伦星系) | 995000 1 | −11.0 | 000 165 | 13.24 | 000 41 |
G0.114+0.021 | 950000 1 | −11.0[9] | 000 26 | ||
R136a8 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 905000 1 | −10.9 | 000 165 | 14.42 | 000 51[1] |
天鹅座OB2 #12 | 900000 1 | −10.9[21] | 5000 | 11.4 | 700 13 |
WR 31a | 820000 1 | −10.9 | 000 26 | 10.85 | 200 30 |
Wray 17-96 | 800000 1 | −10.9[22] | 000 15 | 17.8 | 000 13 |
天鹅座V2180 (WR 130) | 800000 1 | −10.9[3] | 8800 | 12.14 | 700 44 |
HD 5980B (在小麦哲伦星系) | 800000 1 | −10.9[18] | 000 200 | 11.9 | 000 45 |
人马座V4650 | 800000 1 | −10.9[23] | 000 25 | 300 11 | |
VFTS 506 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 750000 1 | −10.9[24] | 000 160 | 13.31 | 000 55[25] |
VFTS 16 (大麦哲伦星系) | 700000 1 | −10.8[24] | 000 160 | 13.55 | |
天鹅座OB2 #7 | 700000 1 | −10.8 | 5000 | 12.7 | |
BAT99-122 (R147)(在大麦哲伦星系) | 700000 1 | −10.7[8] | 000 160 | 12.75 | |
圆拱星团-F12 | 600000 1 | −10.8 | 000 25 | 900 36 | |
仙女座AF (在仙女座星系) | 600000 1 | −10.8[17] | 500000 2 | 17.325[13] | 000 28 |
LHO 110 | 600000 1 | −10.8[16] | 000 26 | 100 25 | |
WR 12 (船帆座V378) | 600000 1 | −10.75[3] | 500 16 | 10.78 | 700 44 |
手枪星 | 600000 1 | −10.75 | 000 25 | 800 11 | |
WR 78 | 600000 1 | −10.75[3] | 6500 | 6.49 | 100 50 |
WR 89 | 600000 1 | −10.75[3] | 9400 | 11.02 | 800 39 |
WR 107 | 600000 1 | −10.75[3] | 400 13 | 14.1 | 100 50 |
WR 148 | 600000 1 | −10.75[3] | 100 27 | 10.3 | 800 39 |
HD 93129A (在船底座星云) | 500000 1 | −11.25 | 7500 | 7.310 | 500 42 |
WR 102i | 500000 1 | −10.7[16] | 000 26 | 600 31 | |
NGC 3603-A1b | 500000 1 | −10.6[1] | 000 24 | 11.18(综合A1a和A1b) | 000 40 |
VFTS 621 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 400000 1 | −10.6[24] | 000 160 | 15.39 | 000 54[25] |
圆拱星团-F15 | 400000 1 | −10.6 | 000 25 | 600 35 | |
LHO 100 | 400000 1 | −10.6 | 000 26 | 9.4 | 000 35 |
AB8A (在小麦哲伦星系) | 400000 1 | −10.6[18] | 000 200 | 12.9 (综合) | 000 141 |
船底座V396 (WR 16) | 400000 1 | −10.6[3] | 7300[26] | 8.34 | 700±1000 41[27] |
WR 108 | 400000 1 | −10.6[3] | 300 18 | 9.89 | 800 39 |
WR 66 | 400000 1 | −10.6[3] | 700 10 | 11.34 | 700 44 |
天鹅座OB2-771 | 400000 1 | −10.6 | 5000 | ||
R126 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 400000 1 | −10.6 | 000 160 | 10.91 | 500 22 |
天鹅座V729 A | 400000 1 | −10.6 | 5000 | ||
BAT99-100 (R134)(在大麦哲伦星系) | 400000 1 | −10.5[8] | 000 160 | 12.02 | 000 47[8] |
Tr 27-27 | 350000 1 | −10.5[15] | 8200 | ||
WR 87 | 300000 1 | −10.5[3] | 9400 | 11.95 | 700 44 |
圆拱星团-F3 | 300000 1 | −10.5 | 000 25 | 600 29 | |
圆拱星团-F8 | 300000 1 | −10.5 | 000 25 | 900 32 | |
R139 A (在大麦哲伦星系) | 300000 1 | −10.5[28] | 000 160 | 12.0 (综合) | |
天鹅座V729 B | 300000 1 | −10.5 | 5000 | ||
HD 50064 | 300000 1 | −10.5[29] | 9500 | 8.21 | 500 13 |
VFTS 259 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 250000 1 | −10.5[24] | 000 160 | 13.65 | |
WR 102d | 200000 1 | −10.4 | 000 26 | 10.5 | 100 35 |
LHO 77 | 200000 1 | −10.4 | 000 26 | 9.6 | 000 35 |
AB7A | 200000 1 | −10.4 | 000 197 | 13.016 | 000 105 |
圆拱星团-F28 | 200000 1 | −10.4 | 000 25 | 600 39 | |
G0.121-0.099 | 150000 1 | −10.4[9] | 000 26 | ||
BAT99-104 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 100000 1 | −10.4[8] | 000 160 | 12.5 | 000 63[8] |
船底座V385 (WR 40)(在船底座星云) | 100000 1 | −10.4[3] | 7400 | 7.85 | 000±1000 45[27] |
天鹰座V1402 (WR 123) | 100000 1 | −10.4[3] | 500 19 | 11.1 | 700 44 |
圆拱星团-F18 | 100000 1 | −10.4 | 000 25 | ||
天鹅座OB2 #8B | 100000 1 | −10.4 | 5000 | 12.7 | 200 39 |
天鹅座OB2 #10 | 100000 1 | −10.4 | 5000 | 12.7 | |
天鹅座OB2 #22 | 100000 1 | −10.4 | 5000 | 12.7 | |
Var B (在三角座星系) | 100000 1 | −10.4[17] | 000000 3 | 16.208[13] | |
HD 93403A | 050000 1 | 000 10 | 7.3 | 300 39 | |
天鹅座68 A | 050000 1 | −10.3[30] | 4600 | 4.98 到 5.09 | 000 34 |
HD 93250 (在船底座星云) | 038978 1 | −10.3[15] | 7500 | 7.50 | 000 46 |
BAT99-94 (R135)(在大麦哲伦星系) | 000000 1 | −10.3[31] | 000 160 | 14.52 | 000 141[8] |
船底座AG | 000000 1 | −10.3[32] | 6000 | 5.7 到 9.0 | - 8000000 26 |
HD 229059 | 000000 1 | −10.3[15] | 3200[33] | 8.70 | 300 26[15] |
圆拱星团-F2 | 000000 1 | −10.25 | 000 25 | 500 33 | |
BAT99-68 (在大麦哲伦星系) | 000000 1 | −10.25[8] | 000 160 | 12.4 | 000 45[8] |
圆拱星团-F14 | 000000 1 | −10.25 | 000 25 | 500 34 | |
盾牌座V460 (WR 116) | 000000 1 | −10.25[3] | 8100 | 13.38 | 800 39 |
WR 124 (天箭座QR) | 000000 1 | −10.25[3] | 000 11 | 11.5 | 900 35 |
剑鱼座S (在大麦哲伦星系) | 000000 1 | −10.25 | 000 169 | 8.6 到 11.5 | - 8500000 35 |
下表列出了一些肉眼可见的恒星,以便进行比较 | |||||
天鹅座P | 000 610 | −9.7 | 5900 | 4.8 | 700 18 |
弧矢增二十二 | 000- 550000 800 | −9.0 | 1090 | 2.21 | 000- 40000 44 |
仙后座RW | 000 550 | −9.11 | 500 11 | 6.52 | 4015 |
螣蛇十二 | 000 ~500 | −9.6 | 000 12 | 4.1 到 6.2 | - 5777 7200 |
参宿二 | 000- 389000 832 | −9.2 | 1300 | 1.70 | 000 27 |
造父四 (石榴石星) | 000 283 | −9.08 | 1900 | 4.04 | 3750 |
大犬座VY | 000 ~270 | −9.4[34] | 4900 | 6.5 到 9.6 | ±90 3490 |
普拉斯基特星 A | 000 224 | −8.6 | 6600 | 6.06(综合A和B) | 500±2000 33 |
伐增二(猎户座θ1 C) | 000 204 | −8.6 | 1500 | 5.13 | 000±1000 39 |
仙王座VV A | 000 200 | −9.0 | 2400 | 4.91 | 3826 |
天津四 | 000 196 | −8.38[35] | 2600 | 1.25 | ±75 8525 |
参宿四 | 000 126 | −8.00[36] | 643 | 0.58 | 3590 |
参宿七 | 000 120 | −7.84 | 860 | 0.12 | 100±150 12 |
心宿二 | 000 97 | −7.2 | 600 | 0.92 | 3570 |
老人星 | 100 15 | −5.53 | 310 | −0.74 | 6998 |
参宿五 | 9211 | −2.64 | 250 | 1.64 | 000 22 |
勾陈一 Aa | 1260 | −3.6 | 433 | 1.97 | 6015 |
毕宿五 | 518 | −0.63 | 65 | 0.85 | 3910 |
大角星 | 170 | −0.31 | 37 | −0.04 | ±30 4286 |
五车二 Aa | 78.7 | 0.4 | 42 | 0.08 | ±50 4970 |
织女一 | 40.12 | 0.58 | 25 | 0.00 | ±180 9602 |
天狼星 A | 25.4 | 1.4 | 8.6 | −1.46 | 9940 |
南门二 A | 1.519 | 4.38 | 4.4 | −0.01 | 5790 |
太阳 | 1.00 | 4.83 | 0 | −26.74 | 5772 |
要注意的是即使是最明亮的恆星(比太陽明亮四千萬倍)仍然不如像是類星體,目前已經發現了數百個,這種銀河系外的天體明亮。現在所知最亮的類星體是在室女座的3C 273,它的平均視星等是12.8等(使用望遠鏡才能看見),但是絕對星等是-26.7等。如果它在距離地球10秒差距的位置上,看起來將如同太陽(視星等-26.8)一般的明亮,因此類星體的發光度是太陽的2兆(1012)倍,或是像我們銀河系這樣的巨型星系總亮度的100倍。然而也發現類星體的光度在不同的時間週期內也不一樣。
根據伽馬射線的觀察,一顆被稱為SGR 1806-20的磁星(中子星的一種類型),曾經在2004年12月27日將極端強烈的爆發傳達到地球。它是來自太陽系外對我們的行星造成最明亮的衝擊事件。如果伽馬射線能夠看見,它的光度將達到−29,會比我們的太陽還要明亮(如同雨燕衛星所觀測到的)。
在1998年偵測到的伽馬射線暴GRB 971214在當時被認為是宇宙間最巨大的能量事件,等同於數百顆超新星釋出的能量。稍後的研究指出因為幾何的關係射向地球的能量或許相當於一顆超新星將環繞在周圍氣體的總能量集成光束射向地球。
參見
外部連結
- The 150 Most Luminous Stars in the Hipparcos Catalogue
- About LBV 1806-20
- The Magnitude system
- About stellar magnitudes
- Tim Thompson's list of Brightest Star candidates
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