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恆星光度列表:修订间差异

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下面的恆星列表是依據恆星的絕對[[熱星等]]增加([[發光度]]減弱)的順序排列。[[絕對星等]]是恆星在距離地球10[[秒差距]]所呈現的[[視星等]]。絕對熱星等是測量恆星的發光度–一顆[[恆星]]每秒鐘所[[太陽輻射|輻射]]的總能量。
下面的恆星列表是依據恆星的絕對[[熱星等]]增加([[發光度]]減弱)的順序排列。[[絕對星等]]是恆星在距離地球10[[秒差距]]所呈現的[[視星等]]。絕對熱星等是測量恆星的發光度–一顆[[恆星]]每秒鐘所[[太陽輻射|輻射]]的總能量。



2018年2月12日 (一) 02:42的版本

下面的恆星列表是依據恆星的絕對熱星等增加(發光度減弱)的順序排列。絕對星等是恆星在距離地球10秒差距所呈現的視星等。絕對熱星等是測量恆星的發光度–一顆恆星每秒鐘所輻射的總能量。

這個表并不十分完整,因為一顆恆星的距離如果遠到我們看不到它,我們就無從得知它的發光度。
一些參考資料所給的恆星發光度非常的不一樣(不同的順序或不同的恆星),這些恆星的不同數據資料有些不見得是不可靠,而是注意的和分析時注重的物理資訊不同和有實際上的困難。

恒星名称 辐射热光度
(太阳光度=1)
绝对热星等
距太阳系距离
(光年)
视星等 有效温度 (K)
R136a1 (在大麦哲伦星系) 8710000 −12.5 163000 12.23 53000±3000
Melnick 34 (BAT99-116)(在大麦哲伦星系) 7079000 −11.9[1] 160000 13.10 53000
M33-013406.63 (在三角座星系) 6400000-10280000 −12.2 到 −12.7[2] 2380000-3070000 16.1
WR 25 (在船底座星云) 6300000 −12.16[3] 7500 8.80 50100 / ?
NGC 2363-V1 6300000 −12.16[4][5] 11100000 17.88 13000-26000
R136c (在大麦哲伦星系) 5623000 −12.0 160000 12.86 51000
海山二 (在船底座星云) 5000000 −12.0[6] 7500 −0.8 到 7.9[7] 37200
BAT99-98 (AB12)(在大麦哲伦星系) 5000000 −12.0[8] 165000 13.70 45000
G0.238-0.071 5000000 −12.0[9] 26000
HD 38282 (R144)(在大麦哲伦星系) 4500000 −11.9[10] 160000 11.11 47000
R136a2 (在大麦哲伦星系) 4266000 −11.7 160000 12.34 53000
人马座V4998 (在五合星团附近) 4000000 −11.7[11] 25000 12000
R136a3 (在大麦哲伦星系) 3802000 −11.6 160000 12.97 53000
R136a6 (在大麦哲伦星系) 3311000 −11.5 165000 13.35
G0.070+0.025 3300000 −11.5[9] 26000
Var A-1 (在仙女座星系) 3200000 −11.5[12] 2450000 17.143[13] 20400-28100[12]
WR 102ka 3200000 −11.5 26100 25100
VFTS 682 (在大麦哲伦星系) 3200000 −11.5 160000 16.1 52210±2500
WR 42e 3200000 −11.5[14][a] 25000 14.53 43652
BAT99-33 (R99)(在大麦哲伦星系) 3200000 −11.4[8] 160000 11.45 28000
LSS 4067 3000000 −11.4[15] 8200 11.64 32800
NGC 3603-B 2900000 −11.3[1] 24000 11.33 42000
G0.059-0.068 2880000 −11.4[9] 26000
R136a4 (在大麦哲伦星系) 2884000 −11.3 160000 13.96 51000±6000[1]
WR 102hb 2600000 −11.3[16] 26000 25100
AFGL 2298 2500000 −11.25[4] 33000
Melnick 42 (在大麦哲伦星系) 2500000 −11.25 160000 12.8 47300
WR 102ea 2500000 −11.25[16] 26000 25100
WR 85 2500000 −11.25[3] 15300 10.03 50100[3]
BAT99-117 (R146)(在大麦哲伦星系) 2500000 −11.2[8] 160000 13.116
NGC 3603-A1a 2500000 −11.2[1] 24000 11.18(综合A1a和A1b) 42000
LHO 146 2500000 −11.2 26000 8.7 ~35000
Var 83 (在三角座星系) 2240000 −11.1[17] 3000000 16.40 18000-37000
WR 158 2200000 −11.1[3] 26000 11.24 44700[3]
圆拱星团-F6 2300000 −11.1 25000 33900
圆拱星团-F9 2300000 −11.1 25000 36600
HD 5980A (在小麦哲伦星系) 2200000 −11.1[18] 200000 11.7 21000-53000
WR 24 (在船底座星云) 2200000 −11.1[3] 8200 6.48 50100
HD 269810 (在大麦哲伦星系) 2200000 −11.1[19] 170000 12.28 52500
天鹅座OB2-516 2200000 −11.1 5000 11.84[20]
BAT99-96 (在大麦哲伦星系) 2200000 −11.1[8] 160000 13.76
G0.058+0.014 2140000 −11.1[9] 26000
R136a5 (在大麦哲伦星系) 2089000 −11.0 165000 13.71 ~50000[1]
LBV 1806-20 2000000 −11.0 38700 18000-32000
圆拱星团-F4 2000000 −11.0 25000 36800
WR 82 2000000 −11.0[3] 17200 11.55 56200[3]
WR 131 2000000 −11.0[3] 38600 12.08 44700[3]
WR 147 2000000 −11.0[3] 2100 14.89 39800[3]
圆拱星团-F7 2000000 −11.0 25000 32900
圆拱星团-F1 2000000 −11.0 25000 33200
WR 22 A (船底座V429)(在船底座星云) 2000000 −11.0 8200 6.42 44700
R136b (在大麦哲伦星系) 1995000 −11.0 165000 13.24 41000
G0.114+0.021 1950000 −11.0[9] 26000
R136a8 (在大麦哲伦星系) 1905000 −10.9 165000 14.42 51000[1]
天鹅座OB2 #12 1900000 −10.9[21] 5000 11.4 13700
WR 31a 1820000 −10.9 26000 10.85 30200
Wray 17-96 1800000 −10.9[22] 15000 17.8 13000
天鹅座V2180 (WR 130) 1800000 −10.9[3] 8800 12.14 44700
HD 5980B (在小麦哲伦星系) 1800000 −10.9[18] 200000 11.9 45000
人马座V4650 1800000 −10.9[23] 25000 11300
VFTS 506 (在大麦哲伦星系) 1750000 −10.9[24] 160000 13.31 55000[25]
VFTS 16 (大麦哲伦星系) 1700000 −10.8[24] 160000 13.55
天鹅座OB2 #7 1700000 −10.8 5000 12.7
BAT99-122 (R147)(在大麦哲伦星系) 1700000 −10.7[8] 160000 12.75
圆拱星团-F12 1600000 −10.8 25000 36900
仙女座AF (在仙女座星系) 1600000 −10.8[17] 2500000 17.325[13] 28000
LHO 110 1600000 −10.8[16] 26000 25100
WR 12 (船帆座V378) 1600000 −10.75[3] 16500 10.78 44700
手枪星 1600000 −10.75 25000 11800
WR 78 1600000 −10.75[3] 6500 6.49 50100
WR 89 1600000 −10.75[3] 9400 11.02 39800
WR 107 1600000 −10.75[3] 13400 14.1 50100
WR 148 1600000 −10.75[3] 27100 10.3 39800
HD 93129A (在船底座星云) 1500000 −11.25 7500 7.310 42500
WR 102i 1500000 −10.7[16] 26000 31600
NGC 3603-A1b 1500000 −10.6[1] 24000 11.18(综合A1a和A1b) 40000
VFTS 621 (在大麦哲伦星系) 1400000 −10.6[24] 160000 15.39 54000[25]
圆拱星团-F15 1400000 −10.6 25000 35600
LHO 100 1400000 −10.6 26000 9.4 35000
AB8A (在小麦哲伦星系) 1400000 −10.6[18] 200000 12.9 (综合) 141000
船底座V396 (WR 16) 1400000 −10.6[3] 7300[26] 8.34 41700±1000[27]
WR 108 1400000 −10.6[3] 18300 9.89 39800
WR 66 1400000 −10.6[3] 10700 11.34 44700
天鹅座OB2-771 1400000 −10.6 5000
R126 (在大麦哲伦星系) 1400000 −10.6 160000 10.91 22500
天鹅座V729 A 1400000 −10.6 5000
BAT99-100 (R134)(在大麦哲伦星系) 1400000 −10.5[8] 160000 12.02 47000[8]
Tr 27-27 1350000 −10.5[15] 8200
WR 87 1300000 −10.5[3] 9400 11.95 44700
圆拱星团-F3 1300000 −10.5 25000 29600
圆拱星团-F8 1300000 −10.5 25000 32900
R139 A (在大麦哲伦星系) 1300000 −10.5[28] 160000 12.0 (综合)
天鹅座V729 B 1300000 −10.5 5000
HD 50064 1300000 −10.5[29] 9500 8.21 13500
VFTS 259 (在大麦哲伦星系) 1250000 −10.5[24] 160000 13.65
WR 102d 1200000 −10.4 26000 10.5 35100
LHO 77 1200000 −10.4 26000 9.6 35000
AB7A 1200000 −10.4 197000 13.016 105000
圆拱星团-F28 1200000 −10.4 25000 39600
G0.121-0.099 1150000 −10.4[9] 26000
BAT99-104 (在大麦哲伦星系) 1100000 −10.4[8] 160000 12.5 63000[8]
船底座V385 (WR 40)(在船底座星云) 1100000 −10.4[3] 7400 7.85 45000±1000[27]
天鹰座V1402 (WR 123) 1100000 −10.4[3] 19500 11.1 44700
圆拱星团-F18 1100000 −10.4 25000
天鹅座OB2 #8B 1100000 −10.4 5000 12.7 39200
天鹅座OB2 #10 1100000 −10.4 5000 12.7
天鹅座OB2 #22 1100000 −10.4 5000 12.7
Var B (在三角座星系) 1100000 −10.4[17] 3000000 16.208[13]
HD 93403A 1050000 10000 7.3 39300
天鹅座68 A 1050000 −10.3[30] 4600 4.98 到 5.09 34000
HD 93250 (在船底座星云) 1038978 −10.3[15] 7500 7.50 46000
BAT99-94 (R135)(在大麦哲伦星系) 1000000 −10.3[31] 160000 14.52 141000[8]
船底座AG 1000000 −10.3[32] 6000 5.7 到 9.0 8000-26000
HD 229059 1000000 −10.3[15] 3200[33] 8.70 26300[15]
圆拱星团-F2 1000000 −10.25 25000 33500
BAT99-68 (在大麦哲伦星系) 1000000 −10.25[8] 160000 12.4 45000[8]
圆拱星团-F14 1000000 −10.25 25000 34500
盾牌座V460 (WR 116) 1000000 −10.25[3] 8100 13.38 39800
WR 124 (天箭座QR) 1000000 −10.25[3] 11000 11.5 35900
剑鱼座S (在大麦哲伦星系) 1000000 −10.25 169000 8.6 到 11.5 8500-35000
下表列出了一些肉眼可见的恒星,以便进行比较
天鹅座P 610000 −9.7 5900 4.8 18700
弧矢增二十二 550000-800000 −9.0 1090 2.21 40000-44000
仙后座RW 550000 −9.11 11500 6.52 4015
螣蛇十二 ~500000 −9.6 12000 4.1 到 6.2 5777-7200
参宿二 389000-832000 −9.2 1300 1.70 27000
造父四 (石榴石星) 283000 −9.08 1900 4.04 3750
大犬座VY ~270000 −9.4[34] 4900 6.5 到 9.6 3490±90
普拉斯基特星 A 224000 −8.6 6600 6.06(综合A和B) 33500±2000
伐增二(猎户座θ1 C) 204000 −8.6 1500 5.13 39000±1000
仙王座VV A 200000 −9.0 2400 4.91 3826
天津四 196000 −8.38[35] 2600 1.25 8525±75
参宿四 126000 −8.00[36] 643 0.58 3590
参宿七 120000 −7.84 860 0.12 12100±150
心宿二 97000 −7.2 600 0.92 3570
老人星 15100 −5.53 310 −0.74 6998
参宿五 9211 −2.64 250 1.64 22000
勾陈一 Aa 1260 −3.6 433 1.97 6015
毕宿五 518 −0.63 65 0.85 3910
大角星 170 −0.31 37 −0.04 4286±30
五车二 Aa 78.7 0.4 42 0.08 4970±50
织女一 40.12 0.58 25 0.00 9602±180
天狼星 A 25.4 1.4 8.6 −1.46 9940
南门二 A 1.519 4.38 4.4 −0.01 5790
太阳 1.00 4.83 0 −26.74 5772


要注意的是即使是最明亮的恆星(比太陽明亮四千萬倍)仍然不如像是類星體,目前已經發現了數百個,這種銀河系外的天體明亮。現在所知最亮的類星體是在室女座3C 273,它的平均視星等是12.8等(使用望遠鏡才能看見),但是絕對星等是-26.7等。如果它在距離地球10秒差距的位置上,看起來將如同太陽(視星等-26.8)一般的明亮,因此類星體的發光度是太陽的2兆(1012)倍,或是像我們銀河系這樣的巨型星系總亮度的100倍。然而也發現類星體的光度在不同的時間週期內也不一樣。

根據伽馬射線的觀察,一顆被稱為SGR 1806-20磁星中子星的一種類型),曾經在2004年12月27日將極端強烈的爆發傳達到地球。它是來自太陽系外對我們的行星造成最明亮的衝擊事件。如果伽馬射線能夠看見,它的光度將達到−29,會比我們的太陽還要明亮(如同雨燕衛星所觀測到的)

在1998年偵測到的伽馬射線暴GRB 971214在當時被認為是宇宙間最巨大的能量事件,等同於數百顆超新星釋出的能量。稍後的研究指出因為幾何的關係射向地球的能量或許相當於一顆超新星將環繞在周圍氣體的總能量集成光束射向地球。

參見

外部連結

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