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阿普唑仑：修订间差异

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420peace（留言 | 贡献）
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第77行： 第77行：
*[[醉酒感]]
*[[醉酒感]]
*[[興奮]]
*[[興奮]]
*[[打电话]]、[[网络聊天]]
*[[驾驶]]车辆
*[[失控 (心理學)|失控]](Disinhibition)<ref name="Michel L, Lang JP 2003 479–85">{{Cite journal | last1 = Michel | first1 = L. | last2 = Lang | first2 = J. P. | trans_title = Benzodiazepines and Forensic Aspects | language = fr | journal = Encephale | year = 2003 | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | pages = 479–485 | pmid = 15029082 | url = http://www.masson.fr/masson/MDOI-ENC-12-2003-29-6-0013-7006-101019-ART2 | title = Benzodiazépines et passage à l'acte criminel | deadurl = no | accessdate = 9 April 2013}}</ref>
*[[失控 (心理學)|失控]](Disinhibition)<ref name="Michel L, Lang JP 2003 479–85">{{Cite journal | last1 = Michel | first1 = L. | last2 = Lang | first2 = J. P. | trans_title = Benzodiazepines and Forensic Aspects | language = fr | journal = Encephale | year = 2003 | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | pages = 479–485 | pmid = 15029082 | url = http://www.masson.fr/masson/MDOI-ENC-12-2003-29-6-0013-7006-101019-ART2 | title = Benzodiazépines et passage à l'acte criminel | deadurl = no | accessdate = 9 April 2013}}</ref>
*[[性冲动|性慾]]變化<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.medicinenet.com/alprazolam-oral/article.htm | title = ALPRAZOLAM – ORAL (Xanax) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions | accessdate = 2 August 2007 | publisher = Medicinenet.com | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825072108/http://www.medicinenet.com/alprazolam-oral/article.htm | archivedate = 25 August 2007 | deadurl = no}}</ref>
*[[性冲动|性慾]]變化<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.medicinenet.com/alprazolam-oral/article.htm | title = ALPRAZOLAM – ORAL (Xanax) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions | accessdate = 2 August 2007 | publisher = Medicinenet.com | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070825072108/http://www.medicinenet.com/alprazolam-oral/article.htm | archivedate = 25 August 2007 | deadurl = no}}</ref>

2019年1月16日 (三) 11:43的版本

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阿普唑仑
臨床資料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）Xanax
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa684001
依賴性高
给药途径口服，舌下
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度80–90%
药物代谢肝脏, 通过CYP3A4酶
生物半衰期普释片: 11.2 小时,[1]
缓释片: 10.7–15.8 小时[2]
排泄途徑肾脏
识别信息
  • 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
CAS号28981-97-7  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.044.849 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C17H13ClN4
摩尔质量308.765
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））
  • ClC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N3C(C)=NN=C3CN=C2C4=CC=CC=C4
  • InChI=1S/C17H13ClN4/c1-11-20-21-16-10-19-17(12-5-3-2-4-6-12)14-9-13(18)7-8-15(14)22(11)16/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

阿普唑仑（Alprazolam），又名佳静安定。长期服用会导致成瘾，欧美部分国家商品名为赞安诺（Xanax）。

此药在中国通常为0.4mg/片的片剂，临床一般用于抗焦虑和催眠。该药的药效与氯硝西泮的镇静作用不同，又有一定改善情绪的作用，因而佳静安定多用于抑郁伴有失眠或焦虑的患者，而氯硝西泮多用于兴奋躁动的患者。

在中国大陆销售的阿普唑仑片

不良反應

Xanax(阿普唑崙)2公絲三片連狀錠劑

可能的副作用包括：

異常反應

阿普唑崙的副作用.

雖然是不尋常，下面的異常反應已被證實會發生：

食品和藥物相互作用

阿普唑崙的代謝主要是通過CYP3A4進行。[20] 結合CYP3A4抑製劑諸如西咪替丁，紅黴素，氟西汀，氟伏沙明，伊曲康唑，酮康唑，奈法唑酮(nefazodone)，丙氧芬(propoxyphene)，利托那韋(ritonavir)等延緩阿普唑崙的肝清除率，這可能導致阿普唑崙的過度積纍。[21] 如此能會導致其不良反應更加的惡化。[22][23]

化學程序

商標名稱

  • Amprazo(柔安)(淺粉紅色橢圓形)錠劑0.5公絲，"中國化學製藥股份有限公司". Amprazo 0.5mg(Alprazolam) tablet。

參考資料

  1. ^ Xanax (Alprazolam) Clinical Pharmacology – Prescription Drugs and Medications. RxList. First DataBank. July 2008. 
  2. ^ Xanax XR (Alprazolam) Clinical Pharmacology – Prescription Drugs and Medications. RxList. First DataBank. July 2008. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Michel, L.; Lang, J. P. Benzodiazépines et passage à l'acte criminel [Benzodiazepines and Forensic Aspects]. Encephale. 2003, 29 (6): 479–485 [9 April 2013]. PMID 15029082 （法语）. 
  4. ^ ALPRAZOLAM – ORAL (Xanax) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions. Medicinenet.com. [2 August 2007]. （原始内容存档于25 August 2007）. 
  5. ^ Noyes, R.; DuPont, R. L.; Pecknold, J. C.; Rifkin, A.; Rubin, R. T.; Swinson, R. P.; et al. Alprazolam in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Results from a Multicenter Trial. II. Patient Acceptance, Side Effects, and Safety. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1988, 45 (5): 423–428. PMID 3358644. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800290037005. 
  6. ^ Complete Alprazolam Information. Drugs.com. [2 August 2007]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2007）. 
  7. ^ Elie, R.; Lamontagne, Y. Alprazolam and Diazepam in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1984, 4 (3): 125–129. PMID 6145726. doi:10.1097/00004714-198406000-00002. 
  8. ^ Cassano, G. B.; Toni, C.; Petracca, A.; Deltito, J.; Benkert, O.; Curtis, G.; et al. Adverse Effects Associated with the Short-term Treatment of Panic Disorder with Imipramine, Alprazolam or Placebo. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 1994, 4 (1): 47–53. PMID 8204996. doi:10.1016/0924-977X(94)90314-X. 
  9. ^ Hori, A. Pharmacotherapy for Personality Disorders. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1998, 52 (1): 13–19. PMID 9682928. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1998.tb00967.x. 
  10. ^ Kravitz, H. M.; Fawcett, J.; Newman, A. J. Alprazolam and Depression: A Review of Risks and Benefits. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1993, 54 (Supplement): 78–84; discussion 85. PMID 8262892. 
  11. ^ Alprazolam Side Effects, Interactions and Information. Drugs.com. [2 August 2007]. （原始内容存档于19 August 2007）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Rawson, N. S.; Rawson, M. J. Acute Adverse Event Signalling Scheme Using the Saskatchewan Administrative Health Care Utilization Datafiles: Results for Two Benzodiazepines. Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1999, 6 (3): 159–166. PMID 10495368. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Alprazolam – Complete Medical Information Regarding This Treatment of Anxiety Disorders. Medicinenet.com. MedicineNet. [2 August 2007]. 
  14. ^ Barbee, J. G. Memory, Benzodiazepines, and Anxiety: Integration of Theoretical and Clinical Perspectives. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1993, 54 (Suppl): 86–97; discussion 98–101. PMID 8262893. 
  15. ^ Rapaport, M.; Braff, D. L. Alprazolam and Hostility. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985, 142 (1): 146. PMID 2857070. 
  16. ^ Béchir, M.; Schwegler, K.; Chenevard, R.; Binggeli, C.; Caduff, C.; Büchi, S.; et al. Anxiolytic Therapy with Alprazolam Increases Muscle Sympathetic Activity in Patients with Panic Disorders. Autonomic Neuroscience. 2007, 134 (1–2): 69–73. PMID 17363337. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2007.01.007. 
  17. ^ Arana, G. W.; Pearlman, C.; Shader, R. I. Alprazolam-Induced Mania: Two Clinical Cases. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985, 142 (3): 368–369. PMID 2857534. 
  18. ^ Strahan, A.; Rosenthal, J.; Kaswan, M.; Winston, A. Three Case Reports of Acute Paroxysmal Excitement Associated with Alprazolam Treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985, 142 (7): 859–861. PMID 2861755. 
  19. ^ Reddy, J.; Khanna, S.; Anand, U.; Banerjee, A. Alprazolam-Induced Hypomania. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1996, 30 (4): 550–552. PMID 8887708. doi:10.3109/00048679609065031. 
  20. ^ Otani, K. Cytochrome P450 3A4 and Benzodiazepines. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2003, 105 (5): 631–642. PMID 12875231 （日语）. 
  21. ^ Dresser, G. K.; Spence, J. D.; Bailey, D. G. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Consequences and Clinical Relevance of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibition. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2000, 38 (1): 41–57. PMID 10668858. doi:10.2165/00003088-200038010-00003. 
  22. ^ Greenblatt, D. J.; Wright, C. E. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Alprazolam. Therapeutic Implications. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 1993, 24 (6): 453–471. PMID 8513649. doi:10.2165/00003088-199324060-00003. 
  23. ^ Wang, J. S.; Chase, C. L. Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interactions of the Sedative Hypnotics (PDF). Psychopharmacological Bulletin. 2003, 37 (1): 10–29. PMID 14561946. doi:10.1007/BF01990373. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-07-09）. 

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：阿普唑仑
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=阿普唑仑&oldid=52813265”