胸脊鲨属:修订间差异
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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{{Taxobox |
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| name = 胸脊鯊 |
| name = 胸脊鯊 |
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| image = Stethacanthus1DB.jpg |
| image = Stethacanthus1DB.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''Stethacanthus productus'' |
| image_caption = ''Stethacanthus productus''(復原圖) |
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| image_width = 250px |
| image_width = 250px |
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| fossil_range = 晚[[泥盆紀]] |
| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|382.7|323.2}}<small>晚[[泥盆紀]] - 早[[石炭紀]]</small> |
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| taxon = Stethacanthus |
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| regnum = [[動物界]] Animalia |
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| authority = Newberry, 1889 |
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| phylum = [[脊索动物|脊索動物門]] Chordata |
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| classis = [[軟骨魚綱]] Chondrichthyes |
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| type_species_authority = St. John & Worthen, 1875<ref>http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151628</ref> |
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| ordo = [[西莫利鯊目]] Symmoriida |
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| familia = [[胸棘鯊科]] Stethacanthidae |
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⚫ | |||
| subdivision_ranks = [[物种|種]] |
| subdivision_ranks = [[物种|種]] |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
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* |
* ''S. altonensis'' |
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* ''S. concavus'' <small>Ginter, 2018</small><ref>{{cite journal |author=Michał Ginter |year=2018 |title=Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=391–401 |doi=10.1515/agp-2018-0009 |url=https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/agp/article/view/26053}}</ref> |
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* ''S. productus'' |
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* ''S. gansuensis'' <small>Wang ''et al.'', 2004</small><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=205348 | title=Fossilworks: Stethacanthus gansuensis}}</ref> |
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* ''S. praecursor'' |
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* ''S. |
* ''S. neilsoni'' |
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* ''S. praecursor'' <small>Hussakof & Bryant, 1918</small><ref>http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151636</ref> |
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* ''S. resistens'' |
* ''S. resistens'' |
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* ''S. thomasi'' |
* ''S. thomasi'' |
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* ''S. productus'' <small>Newberry, 1897</small><ref>http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151630</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''胸脊鯊'''([[双名法|學名]]:''Stethacanthus''),又名'''胸棘鯊'''或'''齒背鯊''',是[[ |
'''胸脊鯊'''([[双名法|學名]]:''Stethacanthus''),又名'''胸棘鯊'''或'''齒背鯊''',是[[全頭亞綱]]<ref name=":1">Coates, M., Gess, R., Finarelli, J., Criswell, K., Tietjen, K. 2016. A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes. Nature. doi: 10.1038/nature20806</ref>下的一[[滅絕]][[屬]]。牠們生存於約3億6000萬年前的[[泥盆紀]]晚期至[[石炭纪|石炭紀]]早期(323.2 百萬年前)。其[[化石]]發現于[[亞洲]]、[[歐洲]]及[[北美洲]]。現存與胸脊鯊親緣最近的物種為[[銀鮫]]<ref name=":1"/>。 |
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==体型== |
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==描述== |
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⚫ | 胸脊鯊長約70 |
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[[File:Stethacanthus productus size.png|thumb|left|''S. productus'' 與人類的體型比較]] |
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[[File:Steth pair1.jpg|thumb|left|一對 ''S. altonensis''(復原圖)]] |
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⚫ | 胸脊鯊長約 {{convert|70|cm|ft}},外觀像現今的鯊魚。牠們的[[背鰭]]很特別,外形像[[鐵砧]]。牠們的[[头|頭部]]<ref name=EoDP>{{cite book |editor=Palmer, D.|year=1999 |title= The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals|publisher= Marshall Editions|location=London|page= 27|isbn= 978-1-84028-152-1}}</ref>及背鰭滿佈細小的棘,就像是現今鯊魚盾鳞的放大版<ref name=EoDP/>。一些學者認為背鰭有求愛的作用,另有一些認為是用來自衛的、或是用來依附在大型海洋動物身上<ref>[http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/evolution/golden_age.htm Elasmo-research]</ref>。 |
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==古生態學== |
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胸脊鯊為[[肉食性]],以小型魚類、[[腕足動物門]]、[[海百合]]為食<ref name=Diet>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=S.E.|last2=Brett|first2=C.E.|title=Predators and predation in Paleozoic marine environments|journal=Paleontological Society Papers|date=2002|volume=8|pages=93–118}}</ref>。然而牠們形狀特殊的背鰭對游泳十分不利,魚鰭和牙齒也較同體型的鯊魚來的小,因此胸脊鯊可能為游動緩慢的底棲魚<ref name=Lund1985>{{cite journal|last1=Lund|first1=Richard|title=Stethacanthid elasmobranch remains from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b) of Montana|journal=American Museum Novitates|date=1985|volume=2828|pages=1–24}}</ref>。大多數的胸脊鯊化石均發現於[[美國]][[蒙大拿州]]的{{link-en|熊谷石灰岩|Bear Gulch Limestone}}中,因此該地點在當時可能屬於牠們的繁殖地,這意味著胸脊鯊可能具有遷徙的習性<ref name="Bear Gulch">{{cite journal|last1=Grogan|first1=E.D.|last2=Lund|first2=R.|title=The geological and biological environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian of Montana, USA) and a model for its deposition|journal=Geodiversitas|date=2002|volume=24|pages=295–315}}</ref>。 |
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==大眾文化== |
==大眾文化== |
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* |
* 在2003年[[英國]][[BBC]]製作的《[[海底霸王]]》第1集中出現,試圖攻擊魚餌,但因為[[鄧氏魚]]靠近而選擇遊走。 |
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* 在2005年[[英國]][[BBC]]製作的《[[與巨獸共舞]]》第1集中出現,試圖追擊[[海納螈]],卻反而被[[含肺魚]]襲擊。 |
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==參考== |
==參考== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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* {{Cite book en|author=Haines, Tim & Chambers, Paul|year=2006|title=The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life|location=Canada|publisher=Firefly Books Ltd}} |
* {{Cite book en|author=Haines, Tim & Chambers, Paul|year=2006|title=The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life|location=Canada|publisher=Firefly Books Ltd}} |
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{{Commons category}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q133370}} |
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[[Category:胸脊鯊屬]] |
[[Category:胸脊鯊屬]] |
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[[Category:鯊魚]] |
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[[Category:史前鯊魚]] |
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[[Category:泥盆紀魚類]] |
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[[Category:石炭紀魚類]] |
2019年1月24日 (四) 06:48的版本
胸脊鯊 晚 | |
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Stethacanthus productus(復原圖) | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes |
目: | †西莫利鯊目 Symmoriiformes |
科: | †胸脊鯊科 Stethacanthidae |
属: | †胸脊鯊屬 Stethacanthus Newberry, 1889 |
模式種 | |
阿爾套胸脊鯊 Stethacanthus altonensis St. John & Worthen, 1875[5]
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種 | |
胸脊鯊(學名:Stethacanthus),又名胸棘鯊或齒背鯊,是全頭亞綱[6]下的一滅絕屬。牠們生存於約3億6000萬年前的泥盆紀晚期至石炭紀早期(323.2 百萬年前)。其化石發現于亞洲、歐洲及北美洲。現存與胸脊鯊親緣最近的物種為銀鮫[6]。
描述
胸脊鯊長約 70厘米(2.3英尺),外觀像現今的鯊魚。牠們的背鰭很特別,外形像鐵砧。牠們的頭部[7]及背鰭滿佈細小的棘,就像是現今鯊魚盾鳞的放大版[7]。一些學者認為背鰭有求愛的作用,另有一些認為是用來自衛的、或是用來依附在大型海洋動物身上[8]。
古生態學
胸脊鯊為肉食性,以小型魚類、腕足動物門、海百合為食[9]。然而牠們形狀特殊的背鰭對游泳十分不利,魚鰭和牙齒也較同體型的鯊魚來的小,因此胸脊鯊可能為游動緩慢的底棲魚[10]。大多數的胸脊鯊化石均發現於美國蒙大拿州的熊谷石灰岩中,因此該地點在當時可能屬於牠們的繁殖地,這意味著胸脊鯊可能具有遷徙的習性[11]。
大眾文化
參考
- ^ Michał Ginter. Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska. Acta Geologica Polonica. 2018, 68 (3): 391–401. doi:10.1515/agp-2018-0009.
- ^ Fossilworks: Stethacanthus gansuensis.
- ^ http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151636
- ^ http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151630
- ^ http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151628
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Coates, M., Gess, R., Finarelli, J., Criswell, K., Tietjen, K. 2016. A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes. Nature. doi: 10.1038/nature20806
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 27. ISBN 978-1-84028-152-1.
- ^ Elasmo-research
- ^ Walker, S.E.; Brett, C.E. Predators and predation in Paleozoic marine environments. Paleontological Society Papers. 2002, 8: 93–118.
- ^ Lund, Richard. Stethacanthid elasmobranch remains from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b) of Montana. American Museum Novitates. 1985, 2828: 1–24.
- ^ Grogan, E.D.; Lund, R. The geological and biological environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian of Montana, USA) and a model for its deposition. Geodiversitas. 2002, 24: 295–315.
- Haines, Tim & Chambers, Paul. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd. 2006.