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乍得—以色列關係：修订间差异

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1972年，[[撒哈拉以南非洲|南撒哈拉國家]]開始與以色列斷交，加上在[[利比亞]][[利比亞國家元首列表|元首]][[穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲]]的施壓下，乍得在同年11月與以色列斷交<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/08/archives/libya-halts-aid-to-chad-rebels-group-of-infiltrators-caught-france.html|title=Libya Halts Aid to Chad Rebels|work=The New York Times|date=1973-04-08|access-date=2019-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310165459/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/08/archives/libya-halts-aid-to-chad-rebels-group-of-infiltrators-caught-france.html|archive-date=2018-03-10|dead-url=no}}</ref>。即使兩國之間沒有正式外交關係，兩國仍然維持非正式關係，以色列更據報在乍得內戰向政府軍售賣軍火<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-president-of-chad-to-visit-israel-today-46-years-after-ties-were-severed-1.6681314|title=President of Chad Visits Israel, 46 Years After Ties Were Severed|last=Landau|first=Noa|date=2018-11-25|work=Haaretz|access-date=2019-01-21|last2=Reuters|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128204534/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-president-of-chad-to-visit-israel-today-46-years-after-ties-were-severed-1.6681314|archive-date=2018-11-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>。近期，以色列亦向乍得提供武器和金援，協助政府清剿北方的叛軍<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/chad-said-to-condition-resumed-ties-with-israel-on-extensive-weapons-sales/|title=Chad said to condition resumed ties with Israel on 'extensive' weapons sales|first=Tamar|last=Pileggi|website=www.timesofisrael.com|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013634/https://www.timesofisrael.com/chad-said-to-condition-resumed-ties-with-israel-on-extensive-weapons-sales/|archive-date=2018-11-29|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
1972年，[[撒哈拉以南非洲|南撒哈拉國家]]開始與以色列斷交，加上在[[利比亞]][[利比亞國家元首列表|元首]][[穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲]]的施壓下，乍得在同年11月與以色列斷交<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/08/archives/libya-halts-aid-to-chad-rebels-group-of-infiltrators-caught-france.html|title=Libya Halts Aid to Chad Rebels|work=The New York Times|date=1973-04-08|access-date=2019-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310165459/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/08/archives/libya-halts-aid-to-chad-rebels-group-of-infiltrators-caught-france.html|archive-date=2018-03-10|dead-url=no}}</ref>。即使兩國之間沒有正式外交關係，兩國仍然維持非正式關係，以色列更據報在乍得內戰向政府軍售賣軍火<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-president-of-chad-to-visit-israel-today-46-years-after-ties-were-severed-1.6681314|title=President of Chad Visits Israel, 46 Years After Ties Were Severed|last=Landau|first=Noa|date=2018-11-25|work=Haaretz|access-date=2019-01-21|last2=Reuters|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128204534/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-president-of-chad-to-visit-israel-today-46-years-after-ties-were-severed-1.6681314|archive-date=2018-11-28|dead-url=no}}</ref>。近期，以色列亦向乍得提供武器和金援，協助政府清剿北方的叛軍<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/chad-said-to-condition-resumed-ties-with-israel-on-extensive-weapons-sales/|title=Chad said to condition resumed ties with Israel on 'extensive' weapons sales|first=Tamar|last=Pileggi|website=www.timesofisrael.com|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013634/https://www.timesofisrael.com/chad-said-to-condition-resumed-ties-with-israel-on-extensive-weapons-sales/|archive-date=2018-11-29|dead-url=no}}</ref>。


2016年7月，以色列外交部總幹事{{Le|高多雷|Dore Gold}}到訪乍得北部[[法达]]的總統官邸，與查德總統[[伊德里斯·代比]]舉行會面<ref name=Visit>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/meeting-israeli-leaders-chad-president-says-he-wants-to-restore-diplomatic-ties/|title=Meeting Israeli leaders, Chad president says he wants to restore diplomatic ties|first1=Raphael|last1=Ahren|first2=Michael|last2=Bachner|website=www.timesofisrael.com|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126140849/https://www.timesofisrael.com/meeting-israeli-leaders-chad-president-says-he-wants-to-restore-diplomatic-ties/|archive-date=2018-11-26|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2018年11月，代比官式訪問以色列。訪問期間，代比與以色列總理[[本雅明·内塔尼亚胡]]和總統[[鲁文·里夫林]]舉行會面，兩國均表示有興趣恢復邦交，代比亦有討論內塔尼亞胡國事訪問乍得的可能性。
2016年7月，以色列外交部總幹事{{Le|高多雷|Dore Gold}}到訪乍得北部[[法达]]的總統官邸，與查德總統[[伊德里斯·代比]]舉行會面<ref name="Visit">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/meeting-israeli-leaders-chad-president-says-he-wants-to-restore-diplomatic-ties/|title=Meeting Israeli leaders, Chad president says he wants to restore diplomatic ties|first1=Raphael|last1=Ahren|first2=Michael|last2=Bachner|website=www.timesofisrael.com|access-date=2018-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126140849/https://www.timesofisrael.com/meeting-israeli-leaders-chad-president-says-he-wants-to-restore-diplomatic-ties/|archive-date=2018-11-26|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2018年11月，代比官式訪問以色列<ref name="Visit"/>。訪問期間，代比與以色列總理[[本雅明·内塔尼亚胡]]和總統[[鲁文·里夫林]]舉行會面，兩國均表示有興趣恢復邦交，代比亦有討論內塔尼亞胡國事訪問乍得的可能性<ref name="Visit"/>。


2019年1月，內塔尼亞胡官式訪問乍得首都[[恩賈梅納]]，並於代比舉行會面。雙方在會後簽署數項雙邊協議，並宣布恢復中斷47年的外交關係<ref>{{cite web|last1=Landau|first1=Noa|title=Israel, Chad Renew Diplomatic Ties That Were Severed in 1972|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/netanyahu-set-to-arrive-in-chad-and-re-establish-the-ties-cut-in-1972-1.6852370|website=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=2019-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120082708/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/netanyahu-set-to-arrive-in-chad-and-re-establish-the-ties-cut-in-1972-1.6852370|archive-date=2019-01-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
2019年1月，內塔尼亞胡官式訪問乍得首都[[恩賈梅納]]，並於代比舉行會面。雙方在會後簽署數項雙邊協議，並宣布恢復中斷47年的外交關係<ref>{{cite web|last1=Landau|first1=Noa|title=Israel, Chad Renew Diplomatic Ties That Were Severed in 1972|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/netanyahu-set-to-arrive-in-chad-and-re-establish-the-ties-cut-in-1972-1.6852370|website=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=2019-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120082708/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/netanyahu-set-to-arrive-in-chad-and-re-establish-the-ties-cut-in-1972-1.6852370|archive-date=2019-01-20|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
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On 20 January 2019 the MINUSMA base at [[Aguelhok]] was attacked by militants. The attack was repelled but 10 Chadian UN peacekeepers were killed and a further 25 injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=UN peacekeepers killed in Mali attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46941711 |accessdate=2019-01-21 |date=2019-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121020026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46941711 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref> The militants had arrived on board a number of armed vehicles. Several of the attackers are said to have been killed.<ref name=dpost/> Responsibility was claimed by [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb]] who stated that it was a retaliatory attack for the recent visit to Chad by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the subsequent normalization of diplomatic relations.<ref name=dpost>{{cite news |title=Mali: 10 UN peacekeepers killed in attack on Aguelhok base |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/20/mali-8-un-peacekeepers-killed-aguelhok/ |accessdate=2019-01-21 |work=The Defense Post |date=2019-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Peacekeepers killed in attack on UN northern Mali base |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190120-un-peacekeepers-killed-attack-northern-mali-base-islamist-militants-united-nations |accessdate=2019-01-21 |work=France 24 |date=2019-01-20 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121071814/https://www.france24.com/en/20190120-un-peacekeepers-killed-attack-northern-mali-base-islamist-militants-united-nations |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref> UN Secretary-General [[António Guterres]] condemned the attack, which he described as "complex".<ref>{{cite web |title=Mali: Al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the Aguelhok attack {{!}} The North Africa Journal |url=http://north-africa.com/mali-al-qaeda-claims-responsibility-for-the-aguelhok-attack/ |website=North Africa Journal |accessdate=2019-01-21}}</ref>
On 20 January 2019 the MINUSMA base at [[Aguelhok]] was attacked by militants. The attack was repelled but 10 Chadian UN peacekeepers were killed and a further 25 injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=UN peacekeepers killed in Mali attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46941711 |accessdate=2019-01-21 |date=2019-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121020026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46941711 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref> The militants had arrived on board a number of armed vehicles. Several of the attackers are said to have been killed.<ref name=dpost/> Responsibility was claimed by [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb]] who stated that it was a retaliatory attack for the recent visit to Chad by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the subsequent normalization of diplomatic relations.<ref name=dpost>{{cite news |title=Mali: 10 UN peacekeepers killed in attack on Aguelhok base |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/20/mali-8-un-peacekeepers-killed-aguelhok/ |accessdate=2019-01-21 |work=The Defense Post |date=2019-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Peacekeepers killed in attack on UN northern Mali base |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190120-un-peacekeepers-killed-attack-northern-mali-base-islamist-militants-united-nations |accessdate=2019-01-21 |work=France 24 |date=2019-01-20 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121071814/https://www.france24.com/en/20190120-un-peacekeepers-killed-attack-northern-mali-base-islamist-militants-united-nations |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref> UN Secretary-General [[António Guterres]] condemned the attack, which he described as "complex".<ref>{{cite web |title=Mali: Al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the Aguelhok attack {{!}} The North Africa Journal |url=http://north-africa.com/mali-al-qaeda-claims-responsibility-for-the-aguelhok-attack/ |website=North Africa Journal |accessdate=2019-01-21}}</ref>
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== 參見 ==
== 參見 ==


2019年1月27日 (日) 11:27的版本

乍得－以色列關係
雙方在世界的位置

乍得
以色列

乍得－以色列關係代表乍得共和國和以色列國之間的外交關係。兩國均為聯合國成員。

歷史

乍得總統弗朗索瓦·托姆巴巴耶與以色列總理列维·艾希科尔。攝於 1965年。

1960年，以色列承認從法國獨立的乍得獨立地位。1961年1月10日，兩國建立邦交[1]。1962年，以色列在乍得首都拉梅堡建立大使館[1]。自此，兩國均維持良好關係，乍得總統弗朗索瓦·托姆巴巴耶甚至在1965年國事訪問以色列[1]。

1972年，南撒哈拉國家開始與以色列斷交，加上在利比亞元首穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲的施壓下，乍得在同年11月與以色列斷交[2]。即使兩國之間沒有正式外交關係，兩國仍然維持非正式關係，以色列更據報在乍得內戰向政府軍售賣軍火[3]。近期，以色列亦向乍得提供武器和金援，協助政府清剿北方的叛軍[4]。

2016年7月，以色列外交部總幹事高多雷（英语：Dore Gold）到訪乍得北部法达的總統官邸，與查德總統伊德里斯·代比舉行會面[5]。2018年11月，代比官式訪問以色列[5]。訪問期間，代比與以色列總理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡和總統鲁文·里夫林舉行會面，兩國均表示有興趣恢復邦交，代比亦有討論內塔尼亞胡國事訪問乍得的可能性[5]。

2019年1月，內塔尼亞胡官式訪問乍得首都恩賈梅納，並於代比舉行會面。雙方在會後簽署數項雙邊協議，並宣布恢復中斷47年的外交關係[6]。

雙方並沒有公佈協議的詳細內容，但乍得安全部隊則宣稱以色列同意向查德政府提供武器，以打擊北部的伊斯蘭武裝分子。以色列總理形容協議對兩國而言是一個歷史時刻[7]。

《耶路撒冷郵報》記者赫伯·基宁批評乍得將可以透過以色列更加接近美國的情報和技術[8]。


參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chad Severs Diplomatic Relations with Israel; No Immediate Explanation Given. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 1972-11-29 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-09） （美国英语）. 
  2. ^ Libya Halts Aid to Chad Rebels. The New York Times. 1973-04-08 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-10）. 
  3. ^ Landau, Noa; Reuters. President of Chad Visits Israel, 46 Years After Ties Were Severed. Haaretz. 2018-11-25 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-28） （英语）. 
  4. ^ Pileggi, Tamar. Chad said to condition resumed ties with Israel on 'extensive' weapons sales. www.timesofisrael.com. [2018-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-29）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ahren, Raphael; Bachner, Michael. Meeting Israeli leaders, Chad president says he wants to restore diplomatic ties. www.timesofisrael.com. [2018-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-26）. 
  6. ^ Landau, Noa. Israel, Chad Renew Diplomatic Ties That Were Severed in 1972. Haaretz. [2019-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-20）. 
  7. ^ Israel and Chad renew diplomatic ties decades after rupture. France 24. 2019-01-20 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-21） （英语）. 
  8. ^ Keinon, Herb. Netanyahu Is Back from Chad but What Has Israel Gained from His Visit?. The Jerusalem Post (Jerusalem). 2019-01-20 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-21）. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=乍得—以色列關係&oldid=52959263”