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乍得—以色列關係：修订间差异

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《[[耶路撒冷邮报|耶路撒冷郵報]]》記者赫伯·基宁批評乍得將可以透過以色列更加接近美國的情報和技術<ref>{{citenews|last=Keinon|first=Herb|date=2019-01-20|title=Netanyahu Is Back from Chad but What Has Israel Gained from His Visit?|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Analysis-What-does-Israel-gain-from-ties-with-Chad-578005|work=The Jerusalem Post|location=Jerusalem|access-date=2019-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121055458/https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Analysis-What-does-Israel-gain-from-ties-with-Chad-578005|archive-date=2019-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
《[[耶路撒冷邮报|耶路撒冷郵報]]》記者赫伯·基宁批評乍得將可以透過以色列更加接近美國的情報和技術<ref>{{citenews|last=Keinon|first=Herb|date=2019-01-20|title=Netanyahu Is Back from Chad but What Has Israel Gained from His Visit?|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Analysis-What-does-Israel-gain-from-ties-with-Chad-578005|work=The Jerusalem Post|location=Jerusalem|access-date=2019-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121055458/https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Analysis-What-does-Israel-gain-from-ties-with-Chad-578005|archive-date=2019-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>。


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2019年1月20日，{{le|聯合國駐馬里維和部隊|United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali}}位於[[阿蓋洛克]]的基地遭到武裝分子襲擊，造成10名聯合國駐乍得維和部隊人員身亡，另外25人受傷<ref>{{cite news |title=UN peacekeepers killed in Mali attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46941711 |accessdate=2019-01-21 |date=2019-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121020026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46941711 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。當時武裝分子駕駛著數輪武裝車輛前往基地，據知數名武裝分子也在襲擊中身亡<ref name=dpost/>。[[伊斯兰马格里布基地组织]]承認策劃襲擊，並表示襲擊是報復以色列總理內塔尼亞胡訪問乍得和'''以色列－乍得關係'''正常化<ref name=dpost>{{cite news |title=Mali: 10 UN peacekeepers killed in attack on Aguelhok base |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/20/mali-8-un-peacekeepers-killed-aguelhok/ |accessdate=2019-01-21 |work=The Defense Post |date=2019-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Peacekeepers killed in attack on UN northern Mali base |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190120-un-peacekeepers-killed-attack-northern-mali-base-islamist-militants-united-nations |accessdate=2019-01-21 |work=France 24 |date=2019-01-20 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121071814/https://www.france24.com/en/20190120-un-peacekeepers-killed-attack-northern-mali-base-islamist-militants-united-nations |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。聯合國秘書長[[安东尼奥·古特雷斯]]譴責襲擊，形容襲擊「經過精心策畫」<ref>{{cite web |title=Mali: Al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the Aguelhok attack {{!}} The North Africa Journal |url=http://north-africa.com/mali-al-qaeda-claims-responsibility-for-the-aguelhok-attack/ |website=North Africa Journal |accessdate=2019-01-21}}</ref>。
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On 20 January 2019 the MINUSMA base at [[Aguelhok]] was attacked by militants. The attack was repelled but 10 Chadian UN peacekeepers were killed and a further 25 injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=UN peacekeepers killed in Mali attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46941711 |accessdate=2019-01-21 |date=2019-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121020026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46941711 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref> The militants had arrived on board a number of armed vehicles. Several of the attackers are said to have been killed.<ref name=dpost/> Responsibility was claimed by [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb]] who stated that it was a retaliatory attack for the recent visit to Chad by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the subsequent normalization of diplomatic relations.<ref name=dpost>{{cite news |title=Mali: 10 UN peacekeepers killed in attack on Aguelhok base |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/20/mali-8-un-peacekeepers-killed-aguelhok/ |accessdate=2019-01-21 |work=The Defense Post |date=2019-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Peacekeepers killed in attack on UN northern Mali base |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190120-un-peacekeepers-killed-attack-northern-mali-base-islamist-militants-united-nations |accessdate=2019-01-21 |work=France 24 |date=2019-01-20 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121071814/https://www.france24.com/en/20190120-un-peacekeepers-killed-attack-northern-mali-base-islamist-militants-united-nations |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=no }}</ref> UN Secretary-General [[António Guterres]] condemned the attack, which he described as "complex".<ref>{{cite web |title=Mali: Al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the Aguelhok attack {{!}} The North Africa Journal |url=http://north-africa.com/mali-al-qaeda-claims-responsibility-for-the-aguelhok-attack/ |website=North Africa Journal |accessdate=2019-01-21}}</ref>
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== 參見 ==
== 參見 ==

2019年1月27日 (日) 15:43的版本

乍得－以色列關係
雙方在世界的位置

乍得
以色列

乍得－以色列關係代表乍得共和國和以色列國之間的外交關係。兩國均為聯合國成員。

歷史

乍得總統弗朗索瓦·托姆巴巴耶與以色列總理列维·艾希科尔。攝於 1965年。

1960年，以色列承認從法國獨立的乍得獨立地位。1961年1月10日，兩國建立邦交[1]。1962年，以色列在乍得首都拉梅堡建立大使館[1]。自此，兩國均維持良好關係，乍得總統弗朗索瓦·托姆巴巴耶甚至在1965年國事訪問以色列[1]。

1972年，南撒哈拉國家開始與以色列斷交，加上在利比亞元首穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲的施壓下，乍得在同年11月與以色列斷交[2]。即使兩國之間沒有正式外交關係，兩國仍然維持非正式關係，以色列更據報在乍得內戰向政府軍售賣軍火[3]。近期，以色列亦向乍得提供武器和金援，協助政府清剿北方的叛軍[4]。

2016年7月，以色列外交部總幹事高多雷（英语：Dore Gold）到訪乍得北部法达的總統官邸，與查德總統伊德里斯·代比舉行會面[5]。2018年11月，代比官式訪問以色列[5]。訪問期間，代比與以色列總理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡和總統鲁文·里夫林舉行會面，兩國均表示有興趣恢復邦交，代比亦有討論內塔尼亞胡國事訪問乍得的可能性[5]。

2019年1月，內塔尼亞胡官式訪問乍得首都恩賈梅納，並於代比舉行會面。雙方在會後簽署數項雙邊協議，並宣布恢復中斷47年的外交關係[6]。

雙方並沒有公佈協議的詳細內容，但乍得安全部隊則宣稱以色列同意向查德政府提供武器，以打擊北部的伊斯蘭武裝分子。以色列總理形容協議對兩國而言是一個歷史時刻[7]。

《耶路撒冷郵報》記者赫伯·基宁批評乍得將可以透過以色列更加接近美國的情報和技術[8]。

2019年1月20日，聯合國駐馬里維和部隊（英语：United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali）位於阿蓋洛克的基地遭到武裝分子襲擊，造成10名聯合國駐乍得維和部隊人員身亡，另外25人受傷[9]。當時武裝分子駕駛著數輪武裝車輛前往基地，據知數名武裝分子也在襲擊中身亡[10]。伊斯兰马格里布基地组织承認策劃襲擊，並表示襲擊是報復以色列總理內塔尼亞胡訪問乍得和以色列－乍得關係正常化[10][11]。聯合國秘書長安东尼奥·古特雷斯譴責襲擊，形容襲擊「經過精心策畫」[12]。


參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chad Severs Diplomatic Relations with Israel; No Immediate Explanation Given. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 1972-11-29 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-09） （美国英语）. 
  2. ^ Libya Halts Aid to Chad Rebels. The New York Times. 1973-04-08 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-10）. 
  3. ^ Landau, Noa; Reuters. President of Chad Visits Israel, 46 Years After Ties Were Severed. Haaretz. 2018-11-25 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-28） （英语）. 
  4. ^ Pileggi, Tamar. Chad said to condition resumed ties with Israel on 'extensive' weapons sales. www.timesofisrael.com. [2018-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-29）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ahren, Raphael; Bachner, Michael. Meeting Israeli leaders, Chad president says he wants to restore diplomatic ties. www.timesofisrael.com. [2018-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-26）. 
  6. ^ Landau, Noa. Israel, Chad Renew Diplomatic Ties That Were Severed in 1972. Haaretz. [2019-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-20）. 
  7. ^ Israel and Chad renew diplomatic ties decades after rupture. France 24. 2019-01-20 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-21） （英语）. 
  8. ^ Keinon, Herb. Netanyahu Is Back from Chad but What Has Israel Gained from His Visit?. The Jerusalem Post (Jerusalem). 2019-01-20 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-21）. 
  9. ^ UN peacekeepers killed in Mali attack. 2019-01-20 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-21）. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Mali: 10 UN peacekeepers killed in attack on Aguelhok base. The Defense Post. 2019-01-20 [2019-01-21]. 
  11. ^ Peacekeepers killed in attack on UN northern Mali base. France 24. 2019-01-20 [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-21） （英语）. 
  12. ^ Mali: Al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the Aguelhok attack | The North Africa Journal. North Africa Journal. [2019-01-21]. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=乍得—以色列關係&oldid=52962229”