User:我想學潛水/Black Hornet Nano

黑色大黃蜂納米直升機無人機（UAV）。

黑色大黃蜂納米 （英語：Black Hornet Nano），是一款軍用微型無人航空載具（UAV）。它由挪威的Prox Dynamics公司研發製造，美國、法國、英國、德國、澳大利亞、挪威，荷蘭和印度等國的軍隊正在使用中 。

該裝置的尺寸約為10 × 2.5 厘米（4 × 1 英寸），能提供周圍部隊的「本地状态意识」（local situational awareness）。它小到可以單手抓著，而重量只有半盎司（16公克，包括電池） 。

這部無人機配備了攝像頭，可為操作員提供全动态影像和靜止圖像，它是與「馬爾堡通信有限公司」（Marlborough Communications Ltd）所簽訂的價值2000萬英鎊開發合同的一部分。

操作員只需經過20分鐘內的訓練課程，就可學會操作黑色大黃蜂。它有三個攝像頭：一個向前看，一個向下看，一個向下指向45度。一組黑色大黃蜂套件包含兩架直升機，20至25分鐘內可充至90%的電力，這與其可悬停時間相同。當一架沒電時，另一架可以替換上陣飛行 。它的最高時速是11 mph（18 km/h）。

2014年10月，Prox Dynamics推出了具有夜視功能的「PD-100」版黑色大黃蜂，它配備了長波紅外線和日間視頻傳感器（day video sensors），可以在1 mi（1.6 km）的範圍內，通過数据链路传输壓縮的流媒体視頻，或高分辨率的靜止圖像。到2014年為止，已經交付了超過3,000多架黑色大黃蜂。

操作歷史

飛行中露出天線的黑色大黃蜂

The aircraft was being used by soldiers from the UK's Brigade Reconnaissance Force at Camp Bastion in Afghanistan. Operation Herrick personnel in Afghanistan deploy the Black Hornet from the front line to fly into enemy territory to take video and still images before returning to the operator. It was withdrawn from service in 2016/2017.

Designed to blend in with the muddy grey walls in Afghanistan, and capable of flying for 20 minutes on quiet electric motors, it has been used to look around corners or over walls and other obstacles to identify any hidden dangers and enemy positions. The Black Hornet is connected to the operator with a digital data-link and GPS. Images are displayed on a small handheld terminal, which can be used by the operator to control the UAV. The Black Hornet is launched from a small box that can be strapped to a utility belt, which also stores transmitted data, since the drone itself does not store any data, an advantage if captured. Operators can steer the UAV or set waypoints for it to fly itself.

As of 25 October 2013, the British Army had 324 Hornet Nanos in service.

In July 2014, the United States Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) selected the PD-100 Black Hornet after looking at commercially available small-scale UAVs as part of the Cargo Pocket Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (CP-ISR) program. It concluded that further refinements were needed for a U.S. Army role including reconfiguring the data-link, giving it night vision, and improving navigational capability. The Black Hornet was tested with U.S. troops at an event in early March 2015, and Prox Dynamics delivered a PD-100 with upgraded features for special forces testing in June 2015. By 2015, the Black Hornet had deployed with U.S. Marine Corps special operations teams. Although the Army is seeking a mini-drone for use by individual squads through the Soldier Borne Sensors (SBS) program, the individually handmade Black Hornet is seen as too expensive for large-scale deployment, with a unit costing as much as US$190,000.

Users

By September 2016, the PD-100 Black Hornet was in use by the militaries of 19 NATO-allied countries.

• 澳大利亞: Australian Army
• 德国: German Army
• 荷蘭: Dutch Army
• 挪威: Norwegian Armed Forces
• 英国: British Army, retired in 2016 after OP Herrick Reintroduced through the Defence Equipment and Support programme in April 2019 for research and development into a capability gap identified by British Army HQ for Brigade level unmanned reconnaissance.
• 美国: United States Marine Corps
• 法國: Special Operations Command
• 西班牙: Spanish Armed Forces
• 印度: National Security Guard