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黑色大黃蜂，曾被在[[英國]]駐[[阿富汗]]「堡壘營」（{{lang|en|Camp Bastion}}，後稱{{link-en|舒拉巴克營|Camp Shorabak}}）的[[偵察]]部隊士兵們使用過 <ref name="britishforcesnews1">{{cite web|last=BritishForcesNews·|title=Mini drone gives UK troops extra eyes 06.02.13|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSQwb4p09wE|publisher=BritishForcesNews|accessdate=13 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103030815/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSQwb4p09wE|archive-date=3 November 2013|dead-url=no}}</ref>。{{le|赫里克行動|Operation Herrick}}時，黑色大黃蜂曾撥給在阿富汗的士兵，將其由前線飛到敵方領土，在取得視頻與靜止圖像後返回。黑色大黃蜂在阿富汗的服役，持續到2016至2017年間，後隨著部隊撤回<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/625192/UK_Armed_Forces_Equipment_and_Formations_2017.pdf |title=UK Armed Forces Equipment and Formations 2017 |date=6 July 2017 |website=www.gov.uk |publisher=UK MOD |accessdate=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728075938/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/625192/UK_Armed_Forces_Equipment_and_Formations_2017.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2017 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
黑色大黃蜂，曾被在[[英國]]駐[[阿富汗]]「堡壘營」（{{lang|en|Camp Bastion}}，後稱{{link-en|舒拉巴克營|Camp Shorabak}}）的[[偵察]]部隊士兵們使用過 <ref name="britishforcesnews1">{{cite web|last=BritishForcesNews·|title=Mini drone gives UK troops extra eyes 06.02.13|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSQwb4p09wE|publisher=BritishForcesNews|accessdate=13 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103030815/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSQwb4p09wE|archive-date=3 November 2013|dead-url=no}}</ref>。{{le|赫里克行動|Operation Herrick}}時，黑色大黃蜂曾撥給在阿富汗的士兵，將其由前線飛到敵方領土，在取得視頻與靜止圖像後返回。黑色大黃蜂在阿富汗的服役，持續到2016至2017年間，後隨著部隊撤回<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/625192/UK_Armed_Forces_Equipment_and_Formations_2017.pdf |title=UK Armed Forces Equipment and Formations 2017 |date=6 July 2017 |website=www.gov.uk |publisher=UK MOD |accessdate=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728075938/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/625192/UK_Armed_Forces_Equipment_and_Formations_2017.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2017 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


它的設計與阿富汗泥濘的灰色牆壁融為一體，並且能使用安靜的[[電動馬達]]飛行20分鐘，它被用來環視角落或牆壁和其他障礙物，與檢視任何隱藏的危險和敵人的位置。The Black Hornet is connected to the operator with a digital data-link and GPS. Images are displayed on a small handheld terminal, which can be used by the operator to control the UAV.<ref name=bbc-214>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21450456 | work=BBC News | title=Black Hornet spycam is a 'lifesaver' for British troops | publisher=Bbc.co.uk | date=2013-02-13 | accessdate=2013-02-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211141520/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21450456 | archive-date=11 December 2016 | dead-url=no }}</ref> The Black Hornet is launched from a small box that can be strapped to a utility belt, which also stores transmitted data, since the drone itself does not store any data, an advantage if captured. Operators can steer the UAV or set waypoints for it to fly itself.<ref>[http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/05/us-special-forces-are-experimenting-bug-drones/113947/?oref=d-river US Special Forces Are Experimenting With Bug Drones] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529045145/http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/05/us-special-forces-are-experimenting-bug-drones/113947/?oref=d-river |date=29 May 2015 }} - Defenseone.com, 28 May 2015</ref>
它的設計與阿富汗泥濘的灰色牆壁融為一體，並且能使用安靜的[[電動馬達]]飛行20分鐘，它被用來環視角落或牆壁和其他障礙物，與檢視任何隱藏的危險和敵人的位置。黑色大黃蜂通過[[数据链路]]和[[GPS]]與操作者連線，圖像會顯示在一個小型手持[[終端機]]上，操作者使用此終端機控制UAV<ref name=bbc-214>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21450456 | work=BBC News | title=Black Hornet spycam is a 'lifesaver' for British troops | publisher=Bbc.co.uk | date=2013-02-13 | accessdate=2013-02-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211141520/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21450456 | archive-date=11 December 2016 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。黑色大黃蜂是從一個小盒子發射出去的，盒子小到可以收納在軍用腰帶裡，盒子也負責存儲數據。這優點是預防無人機被捕獲，因為無人機本身不存儲任何數據。操作者可以手動控制UAV，或是預先設定{{le|航點|waypoint}}，再讓它自主飛行<ref>[http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/05/us-special-forces-are-experimenting-bug-drones/113947/?oref=d-river US Special Forces Are Experimenting With Bug Drones] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529045145/http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/05/us-special-forces-are-experimenting-bug-drones/113947/?oref=d-river |date=29 May 2015 }} - Defenseone.com, 28 May 2015</ref>。


As of 25 October 2013, the British Army had 324 Hornet Nanos in service.<ref name=taranis>{{cite news | url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/unmanned-taranis-has-flown-mod-reveals-392177/ | title=Unmanned Taranis has flown, MoD reveals | publisher=Flightglobal.com | date=25 October 2013 | author=Craig Hoyle | accessdate=6 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103205027/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/unmanned-taranis-has-flown-mod-reveals-392177/ | archive-date=3 November 2013 | dead-url=no }}</ref>
截至2013年10月25日，[[英國陸軍]]有324架黑色大黃蜂在役<ref name=taranis>{{cite news | url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/unmanned-taranis-has-flown-mod-reveals-392177/ | title=Unmanned Taranis has flown, MoD reveals | publisher=Flightglobal.com | date=25 October 2013 | author=Craig Hoyle | accessdate=6 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103205027/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/unmanned-taranis-has-flown-mod-reveals-392177/ | archive-date=3 November 2013 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。


In July 2014, the [[United States Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center]] (NSRDEC) selected the PD-100 Black Hornet after looking at commercially available small-scale UAVs as part of the Cargo Pocket Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (CP-ISR) program. It concluded that further refinements were needed for a U.S. Army role including reconfiguring the data-link, giving it night vision, and improving navigational capability.<ref>[http://www.armedforces-int.com/news/us-army-enhances-pocket-sized-black-hornet-uav.html US Army Enhances Pocket-Sized Black Hornet UAV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726080037/http://www.armedforces-int.com/news/us-army-enhances-pocket-sized-black-hornet-uav.html |date=26 July 2014 }} - Armedforces-Int.com, 23 July 2014</ref> The Black Hornet was tested with U.S. troops at an event in early March 2015,<ref>[http://kitup.military.com/2015/03/mini-drones-win-soldier-praise.html Mini Drones Win Soldier Praise at Army Experiment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101035/http://kitup.military.com/2015/03/mini-drones-win-soldier-praise.html |date=2 April 2015 }} - Kitup.Military.com, 6 March 2015</ref> and Prox Dynamics delivered a PD-100 with upgraded features for special forces testing in June 2015.<ref>[http://www.copybook.com/military/news/pd-100-black-hornet-micro-uav-in-us-army-tests PD-100 Black Hornet Micro UAV In US Army Tests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607212549/http://www.copybook.com/military/news/pd-100-black-hornet-micro-uav-in-us-army-tests |date=7 June 2015 }} - Copybook.com/Military, 5 June 2015</ref> By 2015, the Black Hornet had deployed with [[U.S. Marine Corps]] special operations teams.<ref name="marinecorpstimes23sept15"/> Although the Army is seeking a mini-drone for use by individual squads through the Soldier Borne Sensors (SBS) program, the individually handmade Black Hornet is seen as too expensive for large-scale deployment, with a unit costing as much as US$190,000.<ref>[http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/tech/2016/04/03/army-wants-mini-drones-squads/82177566/ Army wants mini-drones for its squads by 2018] - Armytimes.com, 3 April 2016</ref>
In July 2014, the [[United States Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center]] (NSRDEC) selected the PD-100 Black Hornet after looking at commercially available small-scale UAVs as part of the Cargo Pocket Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (CP-ISR) program. It concluded that further refinements were needed for a U.S. Army role including reconfiguring the data-link, giving it night vision, and improving navigational capability.<ref>[http://www.armedforces-int.com/news/us-army-enhances-pocket-sized-black-hornet-uav.html US Army Enhances Pocket-Sized Black Hornet UAV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726080037/http://www.armedforces-int.com/news/us-army-enhances-pocket-sized-black-hornet-uav.html |date=26 July 2014 }} - Armedforces-Int.com, 23 July 2014</ref> The Black Hornet was tested with U.S. troops at an event in early March 2015,<ref>[http://kitup.military.com/2015/03/mini-drones-win-soldier-praise.html Mini Drones Win Soldier Praise at Army Experiment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101035/http://kitup.military.com/2015/03/mini-drones-win-soldier-praise.html |date=2 April 2015 }} - Kitup.Military.com, 6 March 2015</ref> and Prox Dynamics delivered a PD-100 with upgraded features for special forces testing in June 2015.<ref>[http://www.copybook.com/military/news/pd-100-black-hornet-micro-uav-in-us-army-tests PD-100 Black Hornet Micro UAV In US Army Tests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607212549/http://www.copybook.com/military/news/pd-100-black-hornet-micro-uav-in-us-army-tests |date=7 June 2015 }} - Copybook.com/Military, 5 June 2015</ref> By 2015, the Black Hornet had deployed with [[U.S. Marine Corps]] special operations teams.<ref name="marinecorpstimes23sept15"/> Although the Army is seeking a mini-drone for use by individual squads through the Soldier Borne Sensors (SBS) program, the individually handmade Black Hornet is seen as too expensive for large-scale deployment, with a unit costing as much as US$190,000.<ref>[http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/tech/2016/04/03/army-wants-mini-drones-squads/82177566/ Army wants mini-drones for its squads by 2018] - Armytimes.com, 3 April 2016</ref>

2019年8月18日 (日) 19:07的版本

黑色大黃蜂納米直升機無人機（UAV）。

黑色大黃蜂納米 （英語：Black Hornet Nano），是一款軍用微型無人航空載具（UAV）。它由挪威的Prox Dynamics公司研發製造，美國、法國、英國、德國、澳大利亞、挪威，荷蘭和印度等國的軍隊正在使用中 [1]。

該裝置的尺寸約為10 × 2.5 厘米（4 × 1 英寸），能提供周圍部隊的「本地状态意识」（local situational awareness）。它小到可以單手抓著，而重量只有半盎司（16公克，包括電池）[2] 。

這部無人機配備了攝像頭，可為操作員提供全动态影像和靜止圖像，它是與「馬爾堡通信有限公司」（Marlborough Communications Ltd）所簽訂的價值2000萬英鎊開發合同的一部分[3][4][5]。

操作員只需經過20分鐘內的訓練課程，就可學會操作黑色大黃蜂。它有三個攝像頭：一個向前看，一個向下看，一個向下指向45度。一組黑色大黃蜂套件包含兩架直升機，20至25分鐘內可充至90%的電力，這與其可悬停時間相同。當一架沒電時，另一架可以替換上陣飛行[6] 。它的最高時速是11 mph（18 km/h）[7]。

2014年10月，Prox Dynamics推出了具有夜視功能的「PD-100」版黑色大黃蜂，它配備了長波紅外線和日間視頻傳感器（day video sensors），可以在1 mi（1.6 km）的範圍內，通過数据链路传输壓縮的流媒体視頻，或高分辨率的靜止圖像。到2014年為止，已經交付了超過3,000多架黑色大黃蜂[8]。

操作歷史

飛行中露出天線的黑色大黃蜂

黑色大黃蜂，曾被在英國駐阿富汗「堡壘營」（Camp Bastion，後稱舒拉巴克營（英语：Camp Shorabak））的偵察部隊士兵們使用過 [9]。赫里克行動（英语：Operation Herrick）時，黑色大黃蜂曾撥給在阿富汗的士兵，將其由前線飛到敵方領土，在取得視頻與靜止圖像後返回。黑色大黃蜂在阿富汗的服役，持續到2016至2017年間，後隨著部隊撤回[10]。

它的設計與阿富汗泥濘的灰色牆壁融為一體，並且能使用安靜的電動馬達飛行20分鐘，它被用來環視角落或牆壁和其他障礙物，與檢視任何隱藏的危險和敵人的位置。黑色大黃蜂通過数据链路和GPS與操作者連線，圖像會顯示在一個小型手持終端機上，操作者使用此終端機控制UAV[11]。黑色大黃蜂是從一個小盒子發射出去的，盒子小到可以收納在軍用腰帶裡，盒子也負責存儲數據。這優點是預防無人機被捕獲，因為無人機本身不存儲任何數據。操作者可以手動控制UAV，或是預先設定航點（英语：waypoint），再讓它自主飛行[12]。

截至2013年10月25日，英國陸軍有324架黑色大黃蜂在役[13]。

In July 2014, the United States Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) selected the PD-100 Black Hornet after looking at commercially available small-scale UAVs as part of the Cargo Pocket Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (CP-ISR) program. It concluded that further refinements were needed for a U.S. Army role including reconfiguring the data-link, giving it night vision, and improving navigational capability.[14] The Black Hornet was tested with U.S. troops at an event in early March 2015,[15] and Prox Dynamics delivered a PD-100 with upgraded features for special forces testing in June 2015.[16] By 2015, the Black Hornet had deployed with U.S. Marine Corps special operations teams.[6] Although the Army is seeking a mini-drone for use by individual squads through the Soldier Borne Sensors (SBS) program, the individually handmade Black Hornet is seen as too expensive for large-scale deployment, with a unit costing as much as US$190,000.[17]

Users

By September 2016, the PD-100 Black Hornet was in use by the militaries of 19 NATO-allied countries.[18]

References

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Eye in the sky: NSG acquires Black Hornet Nano – world's smallest spy cam UAV | India News. [2018-10-18]. （原始内容存档于18 October 2018） （英国英语）. 
  2. ^ Den norske militærdronen er blitt standardutrustning. Tu.no. [2018-11-30]. （原始内容存档于7 January 2016） （挪威语）. 
  3. ^ Adrian Shaw. The eight inch spy in the sky: Tiny 'Black Hornet' helicopters snoop in Afghanistan in latest technology helping British troops. Mirror.co.uk. 2013-02-03 [2013-02-07]. （原始内容存档于15 October 2018）. 
  4. ^ Miniature surveillance helicopters help protect front line troops. GOV.UK. 2013-02-04 [2013-02-07]. （原始内容存档于7 February 2013）. 
  5. ^ Matthew Weber. The Black Hornet Is A $195,000 Spy Plane That Fits In Your Hand - Gizmo Crazed. gizmocrazed.com. 2013-02-07 [2013-02-07]. （原始内容存档于11 February 2013）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Marines get a closer look at Black Hornet micro drone 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期31 March 2017. - MarineCorpstimes.com, 23 September 2015
  7. ^ 2016 gear: New pistol, mini UAV, ear pro and more 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期17 November 2015. - Militarytimes.com, 10 November 2015
  8. ^ Nano UAV Gets Night-Vision Capability 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期19 October 2014. - Aviationweek.com, 15 October 2014
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 BritishForcesNews·. Mini drone gives UK troops extra eyes 06.02.13. BritishForcesNews. [13 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于3 November 2013）. 
  10. ^ UK Armed Forces Equipment and Formations 2017 (PDF). www.gov.uk (UK MOD). 6 July 2017 [6 July 2017]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于28 July 2017）. 
  11. ^ Black Hornet spycam is a 'lifesaver' for British troops. BBC News (Bbc.co.uk). 2013-02-13 [2013-02-18]. （原始内容存档于11 December 2016）. 
  12. ^ US Special Forces Are Experimenting With Bug Drones 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 May 2015. - Defenseone.com, 28 May 2015
  13. ^ Craig Hoyle. Unmanned Taranis has flown, MoD reveals. Flightglobal.com. 25 October 2013 [6 December 2013]. （原始内容存档于3 November 2013）. 
  14. ^ US Army Enhances Pocket-Sized Black Hornet UAV 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期26 July 2014. - Armedforces-Int.com, 23 July 2014
  15. ^ Mini Drones Win Soldier Praise at Army Experiment 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2 April 2015. - Kitup.Military.com, 6 March 2015
  16. ^ PD-100 Black Hornet Micro UAV In US Army Tests 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期7 June 2015. - Copybook.com/Military, 5 June 2015
  17. ^ Army wants mini-drones for its squads by 2018 - Armytimes.com, 3 April 2016
  18. ^ Marines Testing Out World’s Smallest Drone 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期31 October 2016. - Defensetech.org, 27 September 2016
  19. ^ Coyne, Allie. Australian Army tests out drones for surveillance. IT News. 3 July 2015 [1 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于27 August 2016）. 
  20. ^ {{|url=http://m.flugrevue.de/militaerluftfahrt/uav/heer-fuehrt-minidrohne-black-hornet-ein/711188%7Ctitle:German Army use black hornet}}
  21. ^ Fiorenza, Nicholas. Netherlands procures Black Hornet micro UAVs. IHS Jane's 360. London. 4 May 2018 [10 May 2018]. （原始内容存档于5 May 2018）. 
  22. ^ Archived copy. [18 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于22 October 2011）. 
  23. ^ Ripley, Tim. British Army retires Black Hornet micro UAV. IHS Janes. 11 July 2017 [13 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-17）. 
  24. ^ United Kingdom-Bristol: Military research and technology 2019/S 073-172483 Contract award notice. ted.europa.eu. Official Journal of the EU. 12 April 2019 [12 April 2019]. 
  25. ^ Archived copy. [5 October 2018]. （原始内容存档于5 October 2018）. 
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