欧洲政党：修订间差异

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2021年6月29日 (二) 17:38的版本

欧洲政党（英語：European political party）^[1] 是运行于欧洲各国和欧洲联盟机构内部的一种政党组织。它们受欧盟法律监督并得到欧盟的拨款作为活动经费。它们往往由各国政党共同创建，而非个人。除了受欧盟正式认可的欧洲政党外，还有一些性质类似于欧洲政党的欧洲范围内的国际政党组织存在。^[2]

當前歐洲政黨

截至2018年3月，有12個已註冊之歐洲政黨：^[3]

歐洲政黨				政治			席次
名稱		黨團	主席	光譜	立場	歐洲統合	联盟委员会	議會	理事会
	歐洲人民黨	EPP	約瑟夫·多爾 (FR)	中間偏右	自由保守主義, 基督教民主主義.^[4]	亲欧洲主义^[5]	14 / 28	215 / 751	9 / 28
	欧洲社会党	S&D	谢尔盖·斯塔尼舍夫 (BG)	中間偏左	社會民主主義、社会自由主义	亲欧洲主义	8 / 28	191 / 751	5 / 28
	歐洲自由民主聯盟黨	ALDE	Hans van Baalen (NL)	中间派	社会自由主义,古典自由主义, 聯邦歐洲.	亲欧洲主义^[5]	5 / 28	58 / 751	8 / 28
	欧洲保守派和改革主义者联盟	ECR	Jan Zahradil (CZ)	右派	保守主义, 經濟自由主義,^[6]^[7] anti-聯邦.^[8]	軟歐洲懷疑主義^[5]^[9] 至硬歐洲懷疑主義	0 / 28	50 / 751	2 / 28
	欧洲绿党	Greens-EFA	Monica Frassoni (IT) and 萊因哈德·比蒂科夫 (DE)	中間偏左至左派	綠色政治, 進步主義.	亲欧洲主义^[5]	0 / 28	39 / 751	0 / 28
	欧洲左翼党	GUE-NGL	Gregor Gysi (DE)	左派 to 極左派	民主社会主义,^[10] 共产主义,^[11] 生態社會主義.^[12]	軟歐洲懷疑主義^[5]	0 / 28	20 / 751	1 / 28
	認同與民主	ENF	Jean-François Jalkh (FR)	右派 to 極右派	民族保守主義, 主权主义, 排外主義.	硬歐洲懷疑主義^[9]	0 / 28	33 / 751	0 / 28
	欧洲自由联盟	Greens-EFA	François Alfonsi (FR)	大帐篷	區域主義, 本土自治, 分離主義	亲欧洲主义^[5]	0 / 28	11 / 751	0 / 28
	歐洲民主黨	ALDE	弗朗索瓦·贝鲁 (FR) and Francesco Rutelli (IT)	中间派	基督教民主主義, 社会自由主义, 聯邦歐洲.	亲欧洲主义^[13]^[14]	0 / 28	9 / 751 ^[15]	0 / 28
	欧洲基督教政治运动	ECR	Branislav Škripek (SK)	右派	基督教右派, 社会保守主义, 古典保守主义.	軟歐洲懷疑主義^[5]	0 / 28	6 / 751	0 / 28
	欧洲民族运动联盟	NI	Béla Kovács (HU)	極右派	極端民族主義, 排外主義, 親俄,^[16]^[17] 第三位置.	硬歐洲懷疑主義^[5]	0 / 28	3 / 751	0 / 28
	争取和平与自由联盟	NI	Roberto Fiore (IT)	極右派	極端民族主義, 排外主義, 新法西斯主義,^[18] 新納粹主義,^[19]^[20] 第三位置	硬歐洲懷疑主義^[5]	0 / 28	2 / 751	0 / 28

歐盟不承認的政黨

歐洲政黨				政治			席次
名稱		簡稱	黨團	立場	歐洲統合	联盟委员会	議會	理事会
	歐洲爭取直接民主聯盟	ADDE	EFDD	Direct democracy, national conservatism, right-wing populism.	硬歐洲懷疑主義^[9]	0 / 28	28 / 751	0 / 28
	爭取民主聯合歐洲人－爭取民主歐洲聯盟	EUD	GUE-NGL, ALDE	Big tent	硬歐洲懷疑主義^[5]^[13]	0 / 28	2 / 751	0 / 28
	民族和自由歐洲	EAF	ENF	Right-wing populism, national conservatism, social conservatism, souverainism, protectionism, anti-immigration	硬歐洲懷疑主義^[5]	0 / 28	5 / 751	0 / 28
	歐洲民族運動聯盟	AENM	NI	Ultranationalism, nativism, russophilia,^[21]^[22] Third Position.	硬歐洲懷疑主義^[5]	0 / 28	3 / 751	0 / 28
	爭取和平與自由聯盟	APF	NI	Ultranationalism, nativism, neo-fascism,^[23] neo-nazism,^[24]^[20] Third Position.	硬歐洲懷疑主義^[5]	0 / 28	2 / 751	0 / 28

参见

欧洲议会党团

參考資料

^ Wolfram Nordsieck. Parties & Elections in Europe. [11 July 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-07）.
^ Lelieveldt, Herman; Princen, Sebatiaan. The politics of the European Union. Google Books. Cambridge University Press. [25 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-19）.
^ List of registered European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. www.appf.europa.eu. [4 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-16）.
^ Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck. [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-08）.
^ ^5.00 ^5.01 ^5.02 ^5.03 ^5.04 ^5.05 ^5.06 ^5.07 ^5.08 ^5.09 ^5.10 ^5.11 ^5.12 Demetriou, Kyriakos. The European Union in Crisis : Explorations in Representation and Democratic Legitimacy. Springer. 2014: 46. ISBN 9783319087740.
^ Baker, David; Schnapper, Pauline. Britain and the Crisis of the European Union. Springer. : 87. ISBN 9781137005205.
^ Nunes Silva, Miguel. Europe Turns Against the EU. The American Conservative. [30 August 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-11）（美国英语）.
^ Watson, Iain. New German party causes Cameron EU Parliament dilemma. BBC News. 3 June 2014 [3 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-01）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 FitzGibbon, John; Leruth, Benjamin; Startin, Nick. Euroscepticism as a Transnational and Pan-European Phenomenon : The Emergence of a New Sphere of Opposition. 2016-08-19: 198 [2018-04-20]. ISBN 9781317422501. （原始内容存档于2018-04-20）.
^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. Parties and Elections in Europe. www.parties-and-elections.eu. [2017-05-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-08）.
^ EL-Parties | European LEFT. www.european-left.org. [2018-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-29）（英语）.
^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2018-04-20]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24）.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Kenealy, Daniel; Peterson, John; Corbett, Richard. The European Union: How does it work? 4. OUP Oxford. 2015: 155. ISBN 0199685371.
^ Nathalie Brack; Olivier Costa. How the EU Really Works. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2014: 120 [2018-04-20]. ISBN 978-1-4724-1465-6. （原始内容存档于2019-01-07）.
^ 存档副本. [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-06）.
^ A letter to the President of Alliance of European National Movements. en.svoboda.org.ua. [2018-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-25）（英语）.
^ Orenstein, Mitchell A.; Krekó, Péter. A Russian Spy in Brussels?. Foreign Affairs. 2014-05-29 [2018-03-24]. ISSN 0015-7120. （原始内容存档于2018-03-25）（美国英语）.
^ Shaffer, Ryan. Pan-European thought in British fascism: the International Third Position and the Alliance for Peace and Freedom. Patterns of Prejudice. 23 Jan 2018, 52.
^ Foy, Henry. Neo-Nazi party makes an electoral breakthrough in Slovakia. 金融時報. March 7, 2016 [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-25）.
^ ^20.0 ^20.1
—
- Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Stephen E. Atkins. p. 106 "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"
- Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. p. 318 "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"
- Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Bernard A. Cook. p.903 "possibly deserving of the label "neofascist" .... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"
- The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Roderick Stackelberg. p.287 "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"
- Encyclopaedia of international law （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. p. 180 "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"
- The beast reawakens （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Martin A. Lee. "neo-Nazi NPD"
^ A letter to the President of Alliance of European National Movements. en.svoboda.org.ua. [2018-03-24]. （原始内容存档于25 March 2018）（英语）.
^ Orenstein, Mitchell A.; Krekó, Péter. A Russian Spy in Brussels?. Foreign Affairs. 2014-05-29 [2018-03-24]. ISSN 0015-7120. （原始内容存档于2018-03-25）（美国英语）.
^ Shaffer, Ryan. Pan-European thought in British fascism: the International Third Position and the Alliance for Peace and Freedom. Patterns of Prejudice. 23 Jan 2018, 52: 78–99. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2017.1417191.
^ Foy, Henry. Neo-Nazi party makes an electoral breakthrough in Slovakia. Financial Times. March 7, 2016 [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-25）.

外部連結

Video : Relations between parliamentary groups and political parties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） European NAvigator
Parties' contact details
The European Parliament and Supranational Party System （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Cambridge University Press 2002
Results of the 2004 European Parliament elections by political party at European level

[1] Wolfram Nordsieck. Parties & Elections in Europe. [11 July 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-07）.

[2] Lelieveldt, Herman; Princen, Sebatiaan. The politics of the European Union. Google Books. Cambridge University Press. [25 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-19）.

[3] List of registered European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. www.appf.europa.eu. [4 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-16）.

[Nordsieck-4] Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck. [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-08）.

[Demetriou-5] 5.00 ^5.01 ^5.02 ^5.03 ^5.04 ^5.05 ^5.06 ^5.07 ^5.08 ^5.09 ^5.10 ^5.11 ^5.12 Demetriou, Kyriakos. The European Union in Crisis : Explorations in Representation and Democratic Legitimacy. Springer. 2014: 46. ISBN 9783319087740.

[6] Baker, David; Schnapper, Pauline. Britain and the Crisis of the European Union. Springer. : 87. ISBN 9781137005205.

[7] Nunes Silva, Miguel. Europe Turns Against the EU. The American Conservative. [30 August 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-11）（美国英语）.

[Watson-8] Watson, Iain. New German party causes Cameron EU Parliament dilemma. BBC News. 3 June 2014 [3 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-01）.

[FLS-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 FitzGibbon, John; Leruth, Benjamin; Startin, Nick. Euroscepticism as a Transnational and Pan-European Phenomenon : The Emergence of a New Sphere of Opposition. 2016-08-19: 198 [2018-04-20]. ISBN 9781317422501. （原始内容存档于2018-04-20）.

[10] Nordsieck, Wolfram. Parties and Elections in Europe. www.parties-and-elections.eu. [2017-05-28]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-08）.

[11] EL-Parties | European LEFT. www.european-left.org. [2018-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-29）（英语）.

[EuropeanLeftManifesto-12] 存档副本 (PDF). [2018-04-20]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24）.

[KPC-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Kenealy, Daniel; Peterson, John; Corbett, Richard. The European Union: How does it work? 4. OUP Oxford. 2015: 155. ISBN 0199685371.

[BrackCosta2014-14] Nathalie Brack; Olivier Costa. How the EU Really Works. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2014: 120 [2018-04-20]. ISBN 978-1-4724-1465-6. （原始内容存档于2019-01-07）.

[15] 存档副本. [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-06）.

[16] A letter to the President of Alliance of European National Movements. en.svoboda.org.ua. [2018-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-25）（英语）.

[17] Orenstein, Mitchell A.; Krekó, Péter. A Russian Spy in Brussels?. Foreign Affairs. 2014-05-29 [2018-03-24]. ISSN 0015-7120. （原始内容存档于2018-03-25）（美国英语）.

[18] Shaffer, Ryan. Pan-European thought in British fascism: the International Third Position and the Alliance for Peace and Freedom. Patterns of Prejudice. 23 Jan 2018, 52.

[19] Foy, Henry. Neo-Nazi party makes an electoral breakthrough in Slovakia. 金融時報. March 7, 2016 [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-25）.

[Nazis1-20] 20.0 ^20.1 —
Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Stephen E. Atkins. p. 106 "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"

Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. p. 318 "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"

Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Bernard A. Cook. p.903 "possibly deserving of the label "neofascist" .... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"

The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Roderick Stackelberg. p.287 "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"

Encyclopaedia of international law （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. p. 180 "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"

The beast reawakens （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Martin A. Lee. "neo-Nazi NPD"

[21] Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Stephen E. Atkins. p. 106 "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"

[22] Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. p. 318 "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"

[23] Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Bernard A. Cook. p.903 "possibly deserving of the label "neofascist" .... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"

[24] The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Roderick Stackelberg. p.287 "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"

[25] Encyclopaedia of international law （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. p. 180 "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"

[26] The beast reawakens （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Martin A. Lee. "neo-Nazi NPD"

[21] A letter to the President of Alliance of European National Movements. en.svoboda.org.ua. [2018-03-24]. （原始内容存档于25 March 2018）（英语）.

[22] Orenstein, Mitchell A.; Krekó, Péter. A Russian Spy in Brussels?. Foreign Affairs. 2014-05-29 [2018-03-24]. ISSN 0015-7120. （原始内容存档于2018-03-25）（美国英语）.

[23] Shaffer, Ryan. Pan-European thought in British fascism: the International Third Position and the Alliance for Peace and Freedom. Patterns of Prejudice. 23 Jan 2018, 52: 78–99. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2017.1417191.

[24] Foy, Henry. Neo-Nazi party makes an electoral breakthrough in Slovakia. Financial Times. March 7, 2016 [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-25）.

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@@ 第26行： / 第26行： @@
 | [[歐洲人民黨]]
 | [[欧洲人民党党团|EPP]]
-|[[Joseph Daul]] (FR)
+|[[約瑟夫·多爾]] (FR)
 |[[中間偏右]]
 | [[自由保守主義]], [[基督教民主主義]].<ref name="Nordsieck">{{Cite web |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html |title=Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck |accessdate=2018-04-20 |archive-date=2017-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608032858/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

查论编欧洲议会
组织	事務局委員會和代表團會議（英语：Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament）欧洲议会议员歐洲議會議長（羅柏塔·梅索拉）總務長（英语：Quaestor (European Parliament)）報告員秘書處副議長
政治	COSAC（英语：Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs） (歐盟各國議會) 黨團政黨改革工作小組（英语：Special working group on parliamentary reform）
选举	1979年欧洲议会选举 (session / members) 1984年欧洲议会选举 (session / members) 1989年欧洲议会选举 (session / members) 1994年欧洲议会选举 (session / members) 1999年欧洲议会选举 (session / members) 2004年欧洲议会选举 (session / members) 2009年欧洲议会选举 (session / members) 2014年欧洲议会选举 (session / members) 2019年歐洲議會選舉 (session / members) 2024年歐洲議會選舉 (session / members) 席次分配選區列表
内部团体	鱷魚俱樂部（英语：Crocodile Club）斯賓內利小組（英语：Spinelli Group）泛歐工作小組（英语：Paneuropean Working Group）長期投資和再工業化小組（英语：European Parliament Intergroup on long term investment and reindustrialisation）
位置（英语：Institutional seats of the European Union）	史特拉斯堡 (議會大廈（英语：Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg）) 布魯塞爾 (利奧波德大樓步行街（英语：Esplanade of the European Parliament）) 盧森堡
历史	立法會議（英语：European Assizes）預算爭議（英语：Santer Commission）布提格里奧內爭議歐洲公約（英语：Convention on the Future of Europe）聯合議會會議（英语：Joint parliamentary meeting on the Future of Europe）
奖项	查理曼青年獎（英语：European Charlemagne Youth Prize）公民獎（英语：European Citizens' Prize）萨哈罗夫奖光線獎（英语：Lux Prize）
模擬	歐洲青年議會（英语：European Youth Parliament）模范歐洲議會（英语：Model European Parliament）模范歐盟史特拉斯堡（英语：Model European Union Strasbourg）
其他	EuroparlTV（英语：EuroparlTV）聯盟咨文（英语：State of the Union）
Portal:欧洲联盟 Portal:布鲁塞尔