卡津菜:修订间差异
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{{美国饮食}} |
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'''卡津菜''',或称'''卡真菜'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edu.sina.com.cn/l/2010-03-02/1856185635_2.shtml|title=图文:美国最受欢迎的卡真风味美食|website=新浪教育}}</ref>({{lang-en|Cajun cuisine}},{{lang-fr|cuisine cadienne}}),是由[[卡津人|卡津]]-[[阿卡迪亚人]]发明的一种菜系。在18世纪,卡津-阿卡迪亚人被英国人{{link-en|驱逐阿卡迪亚人|Expulsion of the Acadians|驱逐}}到[[路易斯安那]],在这里,他们将西非、[[法國飲食文化|法国]]和[[西班牙飲食|西班牙]]的烹饪方法融合进了其传统烹饪方式,使用本地食材,创造了卡津菜。<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History Of Cajun Cuisine |url=https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/articles/a-brief-history-of-cajun-cuisine/ |website=TheCultureTrip}}</ref><ref name=流行>{{cite web |title=A taste of Creole and Cajun cuisine in 10 stories |url=https://www.hnoc.org/publications/first-draft/taste-creole-and-cajun-cuisine-10-stories |publisher=THNOC's Visitor Services Department|date=January 31, 2021}}</ref> |
'''卡津菜''',或称'''卡真菜'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edu.sina.com.cn/l/2010-03-02/1856185635_2.shtml|title=图文:美国最受欢迎的卡真风味美食|website=新浪教育}}</ref>({{lang-en|Cajun cuisine}},{{lang-fr|cuisine cadienne}}),是由[[卡津人|卡津]]-[[阿卡迪亚人]]发明的一种菜系。在18世纪,卡津-阿卡迪亚人被英国人{{link-en|驱逐阿卡迪亚人|Expulsion of the Acadians|驱逐}}到[[路易斯安那]],在这里,他们将西非、[[法國飲食文化|法国]]和[[西班牙飲食|西班牙]]的烹饪方法融合进了其传统烹饪方式,使用本地食材,创造了卡津菜。<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History Of Cajun Cuisine |url=https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/articles/a-brief-history-of-cajun-cuisine/ |website=TheCultureTrip |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2022-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815195118/https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/articles/a-brief-history-of-cajun-cuisine/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=流行>{{cite web |title=A taste of Creole and Cajun cuisine in 10 stories |url=https://www.hnoc.org/publications/first-draft/taste-creole-and-cajun-cuisine-10-stories |publisher=THNOC's Visitor Services Department |date=January 31, 2021 |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715030744/https://www.hnoc.org/publications/first-draft/taste-creole-and-cajun-cuisine-10-stories |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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卡津菜和另一个[[路易斯安那]]菜系{{link-en|路易斯安那克里奥尔菜|Louisiana Creole cuisine|克里奥尔菜}}有着一定的相似性,都使用[[菜椒]]、[[洋葱]]和[[旱芹]]作为“三位一体”的基础食材。区别在于卡津菜更类似乡村饮食,食材选择更简单;而克里奥尔菜来源于[[克里奥尔人]],则更类似城市饮食,食材更复杂。<ref>{{cite web |title=Cajun vs. Creole Food - What is the Difference? |url=https://www.louisianatravel.com/articles/cajun-vs-creole-food-what-difference |website=LouisianaTravel}}</ref> |
卡津菜和另一个[[路易斯安那]]菜系{{link-en|路易斯安那克里奥尔菜|Louisiana Creole cuisine|克里奥尔菜}}有着一定的相似性,都使用[[菜椒]]、[[洋葱]]和[[旱芹]]作为“三位一体”的基础食材。区别在于卡津菜更类似乡村饮食,食材选择更简单;而克里奥尔菜来源于[[克里奥尔人]],则更类似城市饮食,食材更复杂。<ref>{{cite web |title=Cajun vs. Creole Food - What is the Difference? |url=https://www.louisianatravel.com/articles/cajun-vs-creole-food-what-difference |website=LouisianaTravel |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715030742/https://www.louisianatravel.com/articles/cajun-vs-creole-food-what-difference |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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==术语== |
==术语== |
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卡津菜一词现在多用于模糊地指代来自[[路易斯安那州]]的各类传统美食。自1980年代起,卡津菜开始成为一个流行术语,以至于出现了卡津薯条、卡津披萨和卡津寿司等食物。<ref name=流行 />1990年代,[[麦当劳]]还推出过卡津McChicken。<ref>{{cite web |title=MCDONALD'S SEEKS A NARROWER FOCUS |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-11-11-9711110289-story.html |website=[[芝加哥论坛报]]|date=Nov 11, 1997}}</ref>如今的大部分卡津菜实际上是在20世纪才出现的,厨师{{link-en|Paul Prudhomme}}为现代卡津菜在美国全国的传播起了推动作用。<ref>{{cite web |
卡津菜一词现在多用于模糊地指代来自[[路易斯安那州]]的各类传统美食。自1980年代起,卡津菜开始成为一个流行术语,以至于出现了卡津薯条、卡津披萨和卡津寿司等食物。<ref name=流行 />1990年代,[[麦当劳]]还推出过卡津McChicken。<ref>{{cite web |title=MCDONALD'S SEEKS A NARROWER FOCUS |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-11-11-9711110289-story.html |website=[[芝加哥论坛报]] |date=Nov 11, 1997 |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715030743/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-11-11-9711110289-story.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>如今的大部分卡津菜实际上是在20世纪才出现的,厨师{{link-en|Paul Prudhomme}}为现代卡津菜在美国全国的传播起了推动作用。<ref>{{cite web|title=Paul Prudhomme, Chef Who Put Cajun Cooking on National Stage, Dies at 75|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/09/us/paul-prudhomme-creole-cajun-louisiana-cooking.html|website=[[纽约时报]]|date=2015-10-08|access-date=2022-07-15|archive-date=2021-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226222522/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/09/us/paul-prudhomme-creole-cajun-louisiana-cooking.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Prudhomme, Louisiana chef who popularized Cajun cooking, dies at 75 |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-paul-prudhomme-louisiana-chef-dies-at-75-20151008-story.html |website=[[洛杉矶时报]] |date=2015-10-08 |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715030742/https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-paul-prudhomme-louisiana-chef-dies-at-75-20151008-story.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>在此之前,卡津菜只是简单的菜肴,和美国南部非裔美国人的[[灵魂料理]]有不少相似之处。<ref name="Bienvenu">{{Cite book |author1=Bienvenu, Marcelle |author2=Brasseaux, Carl A. |author3=Brasseaux, Ryan A. |title= Stir the Pot: The History of Cajun Cuisine |publisher= Hippocrine Books |date=June 2008 |isbn= 978-0-7818-1212-2}} Retrieved 2014-04.</ref> |
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现代卡津菜的风格为辛辣、味道浓郁、且有悖传统烹饪方式。<ref name="Read">{{cite news|title= Real Cajun Food, From Swamp to City: [Dining In, Dining Out / Style Desk] |author= Read, Mimi |newspaper= New York Times |id = {{ProQuest|434010916}}}}</ref> |
现代卡津菜的风格为辛辣、味道浓郁、且有悖传统烹饪方式。<ref name="Read">{{cite news|title= Real Cajun Food, From Swamp to City: [Dining In, Dining Out / Style Desk] |author= Read, Mimi |newspaper= New York Times |id = {{ProQuest|434010916}}}}</ref> |
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可以归为传统卡津菜的有[[什锦饭]]和[[秋葵浓汤]],而水煮[[淡水龙虾|小龙虾]]则是1960年[[布罗布里奇]]小龙虾节后才开始流行的。<ref name="Bienvenu"/><ref>{{cite web |title=HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION A BREAUX BRIDGE TRADITION SINCE 1960 |url=https://www.bbcrawfest.com/about.html |website=bbcrawfest}}</ref> |
可以归为传统卡津菜的有[[什锦饭]]和[[秋葵浓汤]],而水煮[[淡水龙虾|小龙虾]]则是1960年[[布罗布里奇]]小龙虾节后才开始流行的。<ref name="Bienvenu"/><ref>{{cite web |title=HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION A BREAUX BRIDGE TRADITION SINCE 1960 |url=https://www.bbcrawfest.com/about.html |website=bbcrawfest |access-date=2022-07-15 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715030831/https://www.bbcrawfest.com/about.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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==特色菜== |
==特色菜== |
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* [[秋葵浓汤]],经典的秋葵浓汤由鸡肉和{{link-en|安杜耶香肠|Andouille}}等做成。 |
* [[秋葵浓汤]],经典的秋葵浓汤由鸡肉和{{link-en|安杜耶香肠|Andouille}}等做成。 |
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* [[什锦饭]] |
* [[什锦饭]] |
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* {{link-en|肉汁饭|Rice and gravy}},传统上用廉价的肉块烹制。<ref name="TAMU">{{cite web |
* {{link-en|肉汁饭|Rice and gravy}},传统上用廉价的肉块烹制。<ref name="TAMU">{{cite web |url= http://generalhorticulture.tamu.edu/prof/recipes/smother/smother.html |title= Smothered Meat With Rice and Gravy |author= Reed, David W. |publisher= Texas A&M University |access-date= 2012-11-24 |archive-date= 2013-01-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130124002054/http://generalhorticulture.tamu.edu/prof/Recipes/Smother/smother.html |dead-url= no }}</ref> |
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* 水煮小龙虾,用大锅煮小龙虾、土豆、洋葱和玉米。也有煮虾或煮蟹的变种。<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barton |first1=Eric |title=How to Throw a Louisiana Crawfish Boil (Even If You're Landlocked) |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/blogs/how-throw-louisiana-crawfish-boil-even-if-youre-landlocked |website=Food & Wine |publisher=Meredith Corporation Allrecipes Food Group |access-date=7 April 2019}}</ref> |
* 水煮小龙虾,用大锅煮小龙虾、土豆、洋葱和玉米。也有煮虾或煮蟹的变种。<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barton |first1=Eric |title=How to Throw a Louisiana Crawfish Boil (Even If You're Landlocked) |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/blogs/how-throw-louisiana-crawfish-boil-even-if-youre-landlocked |website=Food & Wine |publisher=Meredith Corporation Allrecipes Food Group |access-date=7 April 2019 |archive-date=2019-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407143556/https://www.foodandwine.com/blogs/how-throw-louisiana-crawfish-boil-even-if-youre-landlocked |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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==食材== |
==食材== |
2022年8月20日 (六) 06:12的版本
美国饮食 |
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卡津菜,或称卡真菜[1](英語:Cajun cuisine,法語:cuisine cadienne),是由卡津-阿卡迪亚人发明的一种菜系。在18世纪,卡津-阿卡迪亚人被英国人驱逐到路易斯安那,在这里,他们将西非、法国和西班牙的烹饪方法融合进了其传统烹饪方式,使用本地食材,创造了卡津菜。[2][3]
卡津菜和另一个路易斯安那菜系克里奥尔菜有着一定的相似性,都使用菜椒、洋葱和旱芹作为“三位一体”的基础食材。区别在于卡津菜更类似乡村饮食,食材选择更简单;而克里奥尔菜来源于克里奥尔人,则更类似城市饮食,食材更复杂。[4]
术语
卡津菜一词现在多用于模糊地指代来自路易斯安那州的各类传统美食。自1980年代起,卡津菜开始成为一个流行术语,以至于出现了卡津薯条、卡津披萨和卡津寿司等食物。[3]1990年代,麦当劳还推出过卡津McChicken。[5]如今的大部分卡津菜实际上是在20世纪才出现的,厨师Paul Prudhomme为现代卡津菜在美国全国的传播起了推动作用。[6][7]在此之前,卡津菜只是简单的菜肴,和美国南部非裔美国人的灵魂料理有不少相似之处。[8]
现代卡津菜的风格为辛辣、味道浓郁、且有悖传统烹饪方式。[9]
可以归为传统卡津菜的有什锦饭和秋葵浓汤,而水煮小龙虾则是1960年布罗布里奇小龙虾节后才开始流行的。[8][10]
特色菜
- 布丹香肠,一种由猪肉、猪肝、大米、大蒜、大葱和其他香料制成的香肠。
- 秋葵浓汤,经典的秋葵浓汤由鸡肉和安杜耶香肠等做成。
- 什锦饭
- 肉汁饭,传统上用廉价的肉块烹制。[11]
- 水煮小龙虾,用大锅煮小龙虾、土豆、洋葱和玉米。也有煮虾或煮蟹的变种。[12]
食材
卡津菜的取材有着密西西比河三角洲当地的特色。
- 谷物:玉米、大米、大麦、小麦
- 果蔬:甜椒(绿色或红色)、黑莓、卡宴辣椒、旱芹、羽衣甘蓝、黄瓜、無花果、韭葱、青檸、柠檬、佛手瓜、圆叶葡萄、秋葵、洋葱、欧防风、歐芹、碧根果、温州蜜柑、青蔥、南瓜、草莓、番薯、塔巴斯科辣椒、番茄
- 肉类:
流行文化
图片集
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熏布丹香肠
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水煮小龙虾
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秋葵浓汤
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猪肉和什锦饭
参考文献
- ^ 图文:美国最受欢迎的卡真风味美食. 新浪教育.
- ^ A Brief History Of Cajun Cuisine. TheCultureTrip. [2022-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-15).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 A taste of Creole and Cajun cuisine in 10 stories. THNOC's Visitor Services Department. January 31, 2021 [2022-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-15).
- ^ Cajun vs. Creole Food - What is the Difference?. LouisianaTravel. [2022-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-15).
- ^ MCDONALD'S SEEKS A NARROWER FOCUS. 芝加哥论坛报. Nov 11, 1997 [2022-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-15).
- ^ Paul Prudhomme, Chef Who Put Cajun Cooking on National Stage, Dies at 75. 纽约时报. 2015-10-08 [2022-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-26).
- ^ Paul Prudhomme, Louisiana chef who popularized Cajun cooking, dies at 75. 洛杉矶时报. 2015-10-08 [2022-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-15).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Bienvenu, Marcelle; Brasseaux, Carl A.; Brasseaux, Ryan A. Stir the Pot: The History of Cajun Cuisine. Hippocrine Books. June 2008. ISBN 978-0-7818-1212-2. Retrieved 2014-04.
- ^ Read, Mimi. Real Cajun Food, From Swamp to City: [Dining In, Dining Out / Style Desk]. New York Times. ProQuest 434010916.
- ^ HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION A BREAUX BRIDGE TRADITION SINCE 1960. bbcrawfest. [2022-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-15).
- ^ Reed, David W. Smothered Meat With Rice and Gravy. Texas A&M University. [2012-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-24).
- ^ Barton, Eric. How to Throw a Louisiana Crawfish Boil (Even If You're Landlocked). Food & Wine. Meredith Corporation Allrecipes Food Group. [7 April 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-07).