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意大利兄弟党：修订间差异

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| membership_year = 2021
| membership_year = 2021
| membership = 130,000<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lanotiziagiornale.it/lega-tesseramenti-salvini/|title=Sondaggi a picco? Adesso per la Lega anche i tesserati sono al palo. Invece Fratelli d'Italia cresce e rischia di mangiarsi Salvini a breve|work=La Notizia|language=it|date=6 April 2021|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>
| membership = 130,000<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lanotiziagiornale.it/lega-tesseramenti-salvini/|title=Sondaggi a picco? Adesso per la Lega anche i tesserati sono al palo. Invece Fratelli d'Italia cresce e rischia di mangiarsi Salvini a breve|work=La Notizia|language=it|date=6 April 2021|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>
| ideology = [[民族保守主义]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Fereri|first=Alba|year=2016|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9Z1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32|chapter=Armchair Quarterback or Most Valuable Player? The Italian Parliament: Debating Economic Planningwith a Crisis in the Offing (2006–2014)|editor1-last=Papakostas|editor1-first=Nikolaos|editor2-last=Pasamitros|editor2-first=Nikolaos|title=EU: Beyond the Crisis: A Debate on Sustainable Integrationism|publisher=Columbia University Press|page=32|isbn=978-3-838-26848-4|access-date=5 November 2021|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Taube|first=Friedel|date=30 August 2018|url=https://www.dw.com/en/women-increasingly-drawn-to-right-wing-populist-parties-study-shows/a-45284465|title=Women increasingly drawn to right-wing populist parties, study shows|publisher=Deutsche Welle|access-date=22 May 2020|quote=Co-founder and leader of the national conservative Brothers of Italy party, Giorgia Meloni has a long history in far-right politics.}}</ref>{{sfn|Papakostas|Pasamitros|2016|p=32}}<br/>[[社会保守主义]]<ref name=csis>{{Cite web |title=Italy {{!}} Center for Strategic and International Studies |url=https://www.csis.org/programs/european-election-watch/italy |website=www.csis.org |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}</ref><br/>[[民族主义|意大利民族主义]]<ref name=Nordsieck>{{Cita web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/italy.html|titolo=Italy |lingua=en |autore=Wolfram Nordsieck |data=10 marzo 2017 |accesso=4 luglio 2022 |urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310071940/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/italy.html|urlmorto=no}}</ref><ref name=csis/><br/>[[右翼民粹主义]]<ref name=Zulianello>{{Cita pubblicazione |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/article/varieties-of-populist-parties-and-party-systems-in-europe-from-stateoftheart-to-the-application-of-a-novel-classification-scheme-to-66-parties-in-33-countries/7CB95AE2CA7274D5F4716EC11708ACD8/core-reader |autore=Mattia Zulianello |titolo=Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries |pubblicazione=Government & Opposition. An internatlional Journal of Comparative Politics |editore=Cambridge University Press |lingua=en |data=24 giugno 2019 |accesso=4 aprile 2022 |urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101183020/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/article/varieties-of-populist-parties-and-party-systems-in-europe-from-stateoftheart-to-the-application-of-a-novel-classification-scheme-to-66-parties-in-33-countries/7CB95AE2CA7274D5F4716EC11708ACD8/core-reader |urlmorto=no}}</ref><ref name=ventura/><br/>[[新法西斯主义|后法西斯主义]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-25 |title=EXPLAINED: Is Brothers of Italy a ‘far right’ party? |url=https://www.thelocal.it/20220922/explained-is-brothers-of-italy-a-far-right-party/ |website=The Local Italy |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-26}}<br>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-24 |title=Brothers of Italy, the far-right party on the cusp of power |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220724-brothers-of-italy-the-far-right-party-on-the-cusp-of-power |website=France 24 |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}<br>{{Cite web |title=Matteo Salvini, Giorgia Meloni, and ‘Post-fascism’ as political logic {{!}} The Political Studies Association (PSA) |url=https://www.psa.ac.uk/psa/news/matteo-salvini-giorgia-meloni-and-%E2%80%98post-fascism%E2%80%99-political-logic |website=Matteo Salvini, Giorgia Meloni, and ‘Post-fascism’ as political logic {{!}} The Political Studies Association (PSA) |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}<br>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/07/26/italy-meloni-post-fascists/|title=Italy is on its way to being run by ‘post-fascists’|language=en}}<br>{{Cite web |last=Ben-Ghiat |first=Ruth |date=2022-09-23 |title=The Return of Fascism in Italy |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/09/giorgia-meloni-italy-election-fascism-mussolini/671515/ |website=The Atlantic |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}<br>{{Cite web |last=Abadi |first=Cameron |title=Is Italy Seeing the Rise of a New Fascism? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/09/23/is-italy-seeing-the-rise-of-a-new-fascism/ |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-26}}</ref><ref name=":Far-right">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/意大利候任总理梅洛尼何许人也/a-63240264|title=意大利候任总理梅洛尼何许人也？|work=[[德国之声]]|language=zh}}</ref><br/>[[欧洲怀疑主义]]<ref name="CSIS 2018"/><ref name="Bailo 2020">{{cite book|last=Bailo|first=Francesco|year=2020|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Online_Communities_and_Crowds_in_the_Ris/mgn2DwAAQBAJ|title=Online Communities and Crowds in the Rise of the Five Star Movement|edition=e-book|location=Cham, Switzerland|page=102|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-45508-8|isbn=978-3-030-45508-8|s2cid=226694989 |oclc=1194944908|access-date=15 August 2022|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Berti, Cossarini & Ruzza 2021">{{cite book|last1=Berti|first1=Carlo|last2=Cossarini|first2=Paolo|last3=Ruzza|first3=Carlo|year=<!--30 July-->2021|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wM7EAAAQBAJ<!--&printsec=frontcover-->|title=The Impact of Populism on European Institutions and Civil Society: Discourses, Practices, and Policies|publisher=Springer Nature|page=71|isbn=978-3-0307-3411-4|access-date=15 August 2022|via=Google Books}}</ref><br/>[[反移民]]<ref name=":Far-right" />
| ideology = [[民族保守主义]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Fereri|first=Alba|year=2016|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9Z1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32|chapter=Armchair Quarterback or Most Valuable Player? The Italian Parliament: Debating Economic Planningwith a Crisis in the Offing (2006–2014)|editor1-last=Papakostas|editor1-first=Nikolaos|editor2-last=Pasamitros|editor2-first=Nikolaos|title=EU: Beyond the Crisis: A Debate on Sustainable Integrationism|publisher=Columbia University Press|page=32|isbn=978-3-838-26848-4|access-date=5 November 2021|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Taube|first=Friedel|date=30 August 2018|url=https://www.dw.com/en/women-increasingly-drawn-to-right-wing-populist-parties-study-shows/a-45284465|title=Women increasingly drawn to right-wing populist parties, study shows|publisher=Deutsche Welle|access-date=22 May 2020|quote=Co-founder and leader of the national conservative Brothers of Italy party, Giorgia Meloni has a long history in far-right politics.}}</ref>{{sfn|Papakostas|Pasamitros|2016|p=32}}<br/>[[社会保守主义]]<ref name=csis>{{Cite web |title=Italy {{!}} Center for Strategic and International Studies |url=https://www.csis.org/programs/european-election-watch/italy |website=www.csis.org |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}</ref><br/>[[民族主义|意大利民族主义]]<ref name=Nordsieck>{{Cite web |title=Parties and Elections in Europe |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/italy.html |website=www.parties-and-elections.eu |access-date=2022-09-26}}</ref><ref name=csis/><br/>[[右翼民粹主义]]<ref name="ZDF 2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/heute/silvio-berlusconi-dominiert-italienischen-wahlkampf-102.html|url-status=live|title=Berlusconi im Wahlkampf|work=ZDF|language=de|date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010702/https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/heute/silvio-berlusconi-dominiert-italienischen-wahlkampf-102.html|archive-date=3 April 2019|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="Zulianello 2019">{{cite journal|last=Zulianello|first=Mattia|title=Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/article/varieties-of-populist-parties-and-party-systems-in-europe-from-stateoftheart-to-the-application-of-a-novel-classification-scheme-to-66-parties-in-33-countries/7CB95AE2CA7274D5F4716EC11708ACD8/core-reader|journal=Government and Opposition|date=April 2020|volume=55|issue=2|pages=327–347|doi=10.1017/gov.2019.21|s2cid=200013354}}</ref><br/>[[新法西斯主义|后法西斯主义]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-25 |title=EXPLAINED: Is Brothers of Italy a ‘far right’ party? |url=https://www.thelocal.it/20220922/explained-is-brothers-of-italy-a-far-right-party/ |website=The Local Italy |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-26}}<br>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-24 |title=Brothers of Italy, the far-right party on the cusp of power |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220724-brothers-of-italy-the-far-right-party-on-the-cusp-of-power |website=France 24 |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}<br>{{Cite web |title=Matteo Salvini, Giorgia Meloni, and ‘Post-fascism’ as political logic {{!}} The Political Studies Association (PSA) |url=https://www.psa.ac.uk/psa/news/matteo-salvini-giorgia-meloni-and-%E2%80%98post-fascism%E2%80%99-political-logic |website=Matteo Salvini, Giorgia Meloni, and ‘Post-fascism’ as political logic {{!}} The Political Studies Association (PSA) |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}<br>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/07/26/italy-meloni-post-fascists/|title=Italy is on its way to being run by ‘post-fascists’|language=en}}<br>{{Cite web |last=Ben-Ghiat |first=Ruth |date=2022-09-23 |title=The Return of Fascism in Italy |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/09/giorgia-meloni-italy-election-fascism-mussolini/671515/ |website=The Atlantic |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}<br>{{Cite web |last=Abadi |first=Cameron |title=Is Italy Seeing the Rise of a New Fascism? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/09/23/is-italy-seeing-the-rise-of-a-new-fascism/ |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-26}}</ref><ref name=":Far-right">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/意大利候任总理梅洛尼何许人也/a-63240264|title=意大利候任总理梅洛尼何许人也？|work=[[德国之声]]|language=zh}}</ref><br/>[[欧洲怀疑主义]]<ref name="CSIS 2018"/><ref name="Bailo 2020">{{cite book|last=Bailo|first=Francesco|year=2020|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Online_Communities_and_Crowds_in_the_Ris/mgn2DwAAQBAJ|title=Online Communities and Crowds in the Rise of the Five Star Movement|edition=e-book|location=Cham, Switzerland|page=102|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-45508-8|isbn=978-3-030-45508-8|s2cid=226694989 |oclc=1194944908|access-date=15 August 2022|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Berti, Cossarini & Ruzza 2021">{{cite book|last1=Berti|first1=Carlo|last2=Cossarini|first2=Paolo|last3=Ruzza|first3=Carlo|year=<!--30 July-->2021|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wM7EAAAQBAJ<!--&printsec=frontcover-->|title=The Impact of Populism on European Institutions and Civil Society: Discourses, Practices, and Policies|publisher=Springer Nature|page=71|isbn=978-3-0307-3411-4|access-date=15 August 2022|via=Google Books}}</ref><br/>[[反移民]]<ref name=":Far-right" />
| position = [[右翼]]<ref>{{bulleted list|{{cite news |date= 4 August 2022 |title= Politics has not stalled Italy network deal talks-TIM CEO |url= https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/tim-ceo-says-single-network-deal-not-halted-by-political-crisis-2022-08-04/ |work= Reuters |access-date= 1 September 2022 |quote= The right-wing Brothers of Italy party, leading in polls ahead of next month's election, has criticised CDP's plans and wants talks to be suspended until a new government is in place.}}|{{cite news |last= Kington |first= Tom |date= 25 July 2022 |title= Hurdles ahead for Giorgia Meloni, the rightwinger who would rule Italy |url= https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/hurdles-ahead-for-giorgia-meloni-the-rightwinger-who-would-rule-italy-9j2r807s8 |work= The Times |location= Rome |access-date= 1 September 2022 |quote= The leader of the right-wing Brothers of Italy could be brought low by the same people who did for Berlusconi: the hostile magistracy. That is if you believe one of her key aides, reports Tom Kington}}|{{cite news |last= Winfield |first= Nicole |date= 21 July 2022 |title= Italy's Draghi Resigns After Government Implodes |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/italy-draghi-resigns-after-government-implodes_n_62d9308ae4b0aad58d177953 |work= HuffPost |publisher= Associated Press |access-date= 1 September 2022|quote= Opinion polls have indicated neck-to-neck percentages for the center-left Democratic Party and the right-wing Brothers of Italy party, which had remained in the opposition to Draghi’s coalition.}}}}</ref>至[[极右翼]]{{sfnm|1a1=Benveniste|1a2=Campani|1a3=Lazaridis|1y=2016|1p=36|2a1=Kuhar|2a2=Paternotte|2y=2017|3a1=Russell|3y=2019}}
| position = [[右翼]]<ref>{{bulleted list|{{cite news |date= 4 August 2022 |title= Politics has not stalled Italy network deal talks-TIM CEO |url= https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/tim-ceo-says-single-network-deal-not-halted-by-political-crisis-2022-08-04/ |work= Reuters |access-date= 1 September 2022 |quote= The right-wing Brothers of Italy party, leading in polls ahead of next month's election, has criticised CDP's plans and wants talks to be suspended until a new government is in place.}}|{{cite news |last= Kington |first= Tom |date= 25 July 2022 |title= Hurdles ahead for Giorgia Meloni, the rightwinger who would rule Italy |url= https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/hurdles-ahead-for-giorgia-meloni-the-rightwinger-who-would-rule-italy-9j2r807s8 |work= The Times |location= Rome |access-date= 1 September 2022 |quote= The leader of the right-wing Brothers of Italy could be brought low by the same people who did for Berlusconi: the hostile magistracy. That is if you believe one of her key aides, reports Tom Kington}}|{{cite news |last= Winfield |first= Nicole |date= 21 July 2022 |title= Italy's Draghi Resigns After Government Implodes |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/italy-draghi-resigns-after-government-implodes_n_62d9308ae4b0aad58d177953 |work= HuffPost |publisher= Associated Press |access-date= 1 September 2022|quote= Opinion polls have indicated neck-to-neck percentages for the center-left Democratic Party and the right-wing Brothers of Italy party, which had remained in the opposition to Draghi’s coalition.}}}}</ref>至[[极右翼]]{{sfnm|1a1=Benveniste|1a2=Campani|1a3=Lazaridis|1y=2016|1p=36|2a1=Kuhar|2a2=Paternotte|2y=2017|3a1=Russell|3y=2019}}
| country = 意大利
| country = 意大利

2022年9月26日 (一) 18:43的版本

意大利兄弟
Brothers of Italy
Fratelli d'Italia
简称FdI
主席乔治亚·梅洛尼
成立2012年12月17日 (2012-12-17)
分裂自自由人民党
总部Via della Scrofa 39, 罗马
党报Gazzetta Tricolore
(2012–2015)
La Voce del Patriota
(since 2018)
青年组织National Youth
学生组织Student Action
University Action
党员
（2021）		130,000[1]
意識形態民族保守主义[2][3][4]
社会保守主义[5]
意大利民族主义[6][5]
右翼民粹主义[7][8]
后法西斯主义[9][10]
欧洲怀疑主义[11][12][13]
反移民[10]
政治立場右翼[14]至极右翼[15]
意大利政治
政党 · 选举

意大利兄弟（義大利語：Fratelli d'Italia，缩写为FdI）是意大利的一个极右翼民族保守主义政党。该党成立于2012年12月17日，分裂自自由人民党。该党的主席是喬治亞·梅洛尼。该党的总部位于罗马。该党的青年翼是民族青年。该党出版报纸《爱国者之声》。该党是中右联盟和欧洲保守派和改革主义者党的成员[16]。

参考文献

  1. ^ Sondaggi a picco? Adesso per la Lega anche i tesserati sono al palo. Invece Fratelli d'Italia cresce e rischia di mangiarsi Salvini a breve. La Notizia. 6 April 2021 [15 August 2022] （意大利语）. 
  2. ^ Fereri, Alba. Armchair Quarterback or Most Valuable Player? The Italian Parliament: Debating Economic Planningwith a Crisis in the Offing (2006–2014). Papakostas, Nikolaos; Pasamitros, Nikolaos (编). EU: Beyond the Crisis: A Debate on Sustainable Integrationism. Columbia University Press. 2016: 32 [5 November 2021]. ISBN 978-3-838-26848-4 –通过Google Books. 
  3. ^ Taube, Friedel. Women increasingly drawn to right-wing populist parties, study shows. Deutsche Welle. 30 August 2018 [22 May 2020]. Co-founder and leader of the national conservative Brothers of Italy party, Giorgia Meloni has a long history in far-right politics. 
  4. ^ Papakostas & Pasamitros 2016，第32頁.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Italy | Center for Strategic and International Studies. www.csis.org. [2022-09-26] （英语）. 
  6. ^ Parties and Elections in Europe. www.parties-and-elections.eu. [2022-09-26]. 
  7. ^ Berlusconi im Wahlkampf. ZDF. 1 February 2018 [15 August 2022]. （原始内容存档于3 April 2019） （德语）. 
  8. ^ Zulianello, Mattia. Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries. Government and Opposition. April 2020, 55 (2): 327–347. S2CID 200013354. doi:10.1017/gov.2019.21. 
  9. ^ EXPLAINED: Is Brothers of Italy a ‘far right’ party?. The Local Italy. 2022-09-25 [2022-09-26] （美国英语）. 
    Brothers of Italy, the far-right party on the cusp of power. France 24. 2022-07-24 [2022-09-26] （英语）. 
    Matteo Salvini, Giorgia Meloni, and ‘Post-fascism’ as political logic | The Political Studies Association (PSA). Matteo Salvini, Giorgia Meloni, and ‘Post-fascism’ as political logic | The Political Studies Association (PSA). [2022-09-26] （英语）. 
    Italy is on its way to being run by ‘post-fascists’ （英语）. 
    Ben-Ghiat, Ruth. The Return of Fascism in Italy. The Atlantic. 2022-09-23 [2022-09-26] （英语）. 
    Abadi, Cameron. Is Italy Seeing the Rise of a New Fascism?. Foreign Policy. [2022-09-26] （美国英语）. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 意大利候任总理梅洛尼何许人也？. 德国之声 （中文）. 
  11. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为CSIS 2018的参考文献提供内容
  12. ^ Bailo, Francesco. Online Communities and Crowds in the Rise of the Five Star Movement e-book. Cham, Switzerland. 2020: 102 [15 August 2022]. ISBN 978-3-030-45508-8. OCLC 1194944908. S2CID 226694989. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45508-8 –通过Google Books. 
  13. ^ Berti, Carlo; Cossarini, Paolo; Ruzza, Carlo. The Impact of Populism on European Institutions and Civil Society: Discourses, Practices, and Policies. Springer Nature. 2021: 71 [15 August 2022]. ISBN 978-3-0307-3411-4 –通过Google Books. 
  14. ^
    • Politics has not stalled Italy network deal talks-TIM CEO. Reuters. 4 August 2022 [1 September 2022]. The right-wing Brothers of Italy party, leading in polls ahead of next month's election, has criticised CDP's plans and wants talks to be suspended until a new government is in place. 
    • Kington, Tom. Hurdles ahead for Giorgia Meloni, the rightwinger who would rule Italy. The Times (Rome). 25 July 2022 [1 September 2022]. The leader of the right-wing Brothers of Italy could be brought low by the same people who did for Berlusconi: the hostile magistracy. That is if you believe one of her key aides, reports Tom Kington 
    • Winfield, Nicole. Italy's Draghi Resigns After Government Implodes. HuffPost (Associated Press). 21 July 2022 [1 September 2022]. Opinion polls have indicated neck-to-neck percentages for the center-left Democratic Party and the right-wing Brothers of Italy party, which had remained in the opposition to Draghi’s coalition. 
  15. ^ Benveniste, Campani & Lazaridis 2016，第36頁; Kuhar & Paternotte 2017; Russell 2019.
  16. ^ Alba Ferreri. Armchair Quarterback or Most Valuable Player? The Italian Parliament: Debating Economic Planningwith a Crisis in the Offing (2006–2014). Nikolaos Papakostas; Nikolaos Pasamitros (编). EU: Beyond the Crisis: A Debate on Sustainable Integrationism. Columbia University Press. 2016: 32 [2020-11-24]. ISBN 978-3-8382-6848-4. （原始内容存档于2022-04-23）. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=意大利兄弟党&oldid=73833432”