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阿斯加尔·汗：修订间差异

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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[空军元帅]]
| honorific_prefix = [[空军元帅]]
| name = 莫哈末·阿斯哈汗<br/>محمد اصغر خان
| name = 莫哈末·阿斯哈汗<br/>محمد اصغر خان
| native_name = <!--The person's name in their own language, if different.-->
| native_name = <!--The person's name in their own language, if different.-->
| native_name_lang = <!--ISO 639-1 code, e.g., "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} in |native_name= instead.-->
| native_name_lang = <!--ISO 639-1 code, e.g., "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} in |native_name= instead.-->
| honorific_suffix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Air Marshal Asghar Khan.jpg
| image = Air Marshal Asghar Khan.jpg
| image_size = 190px
| image_size = 190px
| image_upright =
| image_upright =
| smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
| smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| order = 巴基斯坦国际航空公司总裁
| order = 巴基斯坦国际航空公司总裁
| office =
| office =
| term_start = 1965年8月20日
| term_start = 1965年8月20日
| term_end = 1968年11月30日
| term_end = 1968年11月30日
| alongside = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district. (e.g. United States Senators.)-->
| alongside = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district. (e.g. United States Senators.)-->
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| president =
| governor_general =
| governor_general =
| primeminister =
| primeminister =
| governor =
| governor =
| deputy =
| deputy =
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| lieutenant =
| succeeding = <!--For President-elect or equivalent-->
| succeeding = <!--For President-elect or equivalent-->
| parliamentarygroup =
| parliamentarygroup =
| constituency =
| constituency =
| majority =
| majority =
| predecessor = 米尔扎·阿末·依斯帕哈尼
| predecessor = 米尔扎·阿末·依斯帕哈尼
| successor = 努尔·汗
| successor = 努尔·汗
| prior_term = <!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
| prior_term = <!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
| order2 = 巴基斯坦民航局总干事
| order2 = 巴基斯坦民航局总干事
| office2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| office2 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| term_start2 = 1965
| term_start2 = 1965
| term_end2 = 1968
| term_end2 = 1968
| predecessor2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = <!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
| successor2 = <!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
| order3 = [[巴基斯坦空军]][[参谋长]]
| order3 = [[巴基斯坦空军]][[参谋长]]
| office3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| office3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| term_start3 = 1957年7月23日
| term_start3 = 1957年7月23日
| term_end3 = 1965年7月22日
| term_end3 = 1965年7月22日
| alongside3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| alongside3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| monarch3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| monarch3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| president3 = [[阿尤布·汗]] {{small|(1960–65)}}<br />[[伊斯坎德尔·米尔扎]] {{small|(1956–59)}}
| president3 = [[阿尤布·汗]] {{small|(1960–65)}}<br />[[伊斯坎德尔·米尔扎]] {{small|(1956–59)}}
| governor_general3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| governor_general3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| primeminister3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| primeminister3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| chancellor3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| chancellor3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| taoiseach3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| taoiseach3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| governor3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| governor3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| vicepresident3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| vicepresident3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| viceprimeminister3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| viceprimeminister3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| deputy3 = 沙巴特·阿里·昌吉<br />{{small|[[Commander in Chief (Pakistan Air Force)|(Deputy Air Cdr-in-C)]]}}
| deputy3 = 沙巴特·阿里·昌吉
| lieutenant3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| lieutenant3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| succeeding3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| succeeding3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| predecessor3 = 阿瑟·麦唐纳
| predecessor3 = 阿瑟·麦唐纳
| successor3 = 马烈·努尔汗
| successor3 = 马烈·努尔汗
| parliamentarygroup3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| parliamentarygroup3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| constituency3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| constituency3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| majority3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| majority3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| prior_term3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| prior_term3 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
<!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->| order4 = 巴基斯坦正义和团结运动党主席
<!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->| order4 = 巴基斯坦正义和团结运动党主席
| office4 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| office4 = <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
| term_start4 = 1970年6月29日
| term_start4 = 1970年6月29日
| term_end4 = 2011年12月12日
| term_end4 = 2011年12月12日
| predecessor4 = 政党成立
| predecessor4 = 政党成立
| successor4 = [[伊姆兰·汗]]
| successor4 = [[伊姆兰·汗]]
<!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->| pronunciation =
<!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1921|1|17}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1921|1|17}}
| birth_place = [[英属印度]][[查谟和克什米尔土邦]][[查谟]]
| birth_place = [[英属印度]][[查谟和克什米尔土邦]][[查谟]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|1|5|1921|1|17}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|1|5|1921|1|17}}
| death_place = [[巴基斯坦]][[旁遮普省]][[拉瓦尔品第]]
| death_place = [[巴基斯坦]][[旁遮普省]][[拉瓦尔品第]]
| death_cause = [[心力衰竭]]
| death_cause = [[心力衰竭]]
| resting_place = [[巴基斯坦]][[开伯尔-普什图省]][[阿伯塔巴德]]
| resting_place = [[巴基斯坦]][[开伯尔-普什图省]][[阿伯塔巴德]]
| resting_place_coordinates =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship = [[英属印度]]<br />{{small|(1921–1947)}}<br />[[巴基斯坦]] {{small|(1947–2018)}}
| citizenship = [[英属印度]]<br />{{small|(1921–1947)}}<br />[[巴基斯坦]] {{small|(1947–2018)}}
| nationality = {{PAK}}
| nationality = {{PAK}}
| party = [[巴基斯坦正义运动]]<br />{{small|(2012–2018)}}
| party = [[巴基斯坦正义运动]]<br />{{small|(2012–2018)}}
| otherparty = 正义和团结运动<br />{{small|(1970–2012)}}<br />国家民主党<br />{{small|(1964–1970)}}
| otherparty = 正义和团结运动<br />{{small|(1970–2012)}}<br />国家民主党<br />{{small|(1964–1970)}}
| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| spouse =
| spouse =
| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
| relations =
| relations =
| children =
⚫
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| children =
⚫
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
⚫
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| relatives =
⚫
| father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| relatives =
| residence =
| residence =
| education =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| occupation =
| profession =
| profession =
| known_for =
| known_for =
| salary =
⚫
| net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| salary =
| cabinet =
⚫
| net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| cabinet =
| committees =
| committees =
| portfolio =
⚫
| awards = [[File:Yellow Crescent, Symbol of Islam.png|15px]]{{small|[[Nishan-e-Pakistan|Hilal-i-Pakistan]]}}<br />[[File:Yellow Crescent, Symbol of Islam.png|15px]]{{small|[[Civil decorations of Pakistan|Hilal-i-Quaid-i-Azam]]}}<br />[[File:Order of the Crown (Iran) - ribbon bar.gif|30px]]{{small|[[Order of the Crown (Iran)|Order of Crown]]}}<br />[[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - 3rd Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|30px]]{{small|[[Order of the Crown of Thailand]]}}{{rp|vii}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Mohammad Asghar|title=Pakistan at the cross-roads|date=1969|publisher=Ferozsons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RjxuAAAAMAAJ&q=Thailand+|access-date=11 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
| portfolio =
| blank1 =
⚫
| awards = [[File:Yellow Crescent, Symbol of Islam.png|15px]]{{small|[[Nishan-e-Pakistan|Hilal-i-Pakistan]]}}<br />[[File:Yellow Crescent, Symbol of Islam.png|15px]]{{small|[[Civil decorations of Pakistan|Hilal-i-Quaid-i-Azam]]}}<br />[[File:Order of the Crown (Iran) - ribbon bar.gif|30px]]{{small|[[Order of the Crown (Iran)|Order of Crown]]}}<br />[[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - 3rd Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|30px]]{{small|[[Order of the Crown of Thailand]]}}{{rp|vii}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Mohammad Asghar|title=Pakistan at the cross-roads|date=1969|publisher=Ferozsons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RjxuAAAAMAAJ&q=Thailand+|access-date=11 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
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| signature_alt =
⚫
| website = <!--Military service-->
| signature_alt =
⚫
| nickname = ''Shaheen-i-Pakistan''<br />''Night Flyer''
⚫
| website = <!--Military service-->
| allegiance = {{flag icon|British India}} [[英属印度]]<br />{{PAK}}
⚫
| nickname = ''Shaheen-i-Pakistan''<br />''Night Flyer''
| allegiance = {{flag icon|British India}} [[British India]]<br />{{PAK}}
| branch = {{army|British India}}<br />[[File:Air Force Ensign of India (1945–1947).svg|25px]] 印度皇家空军<br />{{air force|Pakistan}}
⚫
| serviceyears = 1939–68<ref name="Trade and Industry, Naseerudin, 1968">{{cite book|last1=Naseeruddin.|first1=G.|title=Trade and Industry|date=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gEiAQAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref>
| branch = {{army|British India}}<br />[[File:Air Force Ensign of India (1945–1947).svg|25px]] 印度皇家空军<br />{{air force|Pakistan}}
⚫
| rank = [[File:AM Pakistan Air Force.png|10px]] [[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|30px]] [[空军元帅]]
⚫
| serviceyears = 1939–68<ref name="Trade and Industry, Naseerudin, 1968">{{cite book|last1=Naseeruddin.|first1=G.|title=Trade and Industry|date=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gEiAQAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref>
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⚫
| rank = [[File:AM Pakistan Air Force.png|10px]] [[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|30px]] [[空军元帅]]
⚫
| commands = [[巴基斯坦空军]]
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| battles = *[[二战]]
⚫
| commands = [[巴基斯坦空军]]
**[[缅甸战役]]
⚫
| battles = [[二战]]
*[[巴焦尔战役]]
| mawards = [[File:ESP Gran Cruz Merito Aeronautico (Distintivo Rojo) pasador.svg|30px]]{{small|[[Crosses of Aeronautical Merit]]}}
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}}


2023年1月1日 (日) 15:53的版本

空军元帅
莫哈末·阿斯哈汗
محمد اصغر خان
巴基斯坦国际航空公司总裁
任期
1965年8月20日—1968年11月30日
前任米尔扎·阿末·依斯帕哈尼
继任努尔·汗
巴基斯坦民航局总干事
任期
1965—1968
巴基斯坦空军参谋长
任期
1957年7月23日—1965年7月22日
总统阿尤布·汗 (1960–65)
伊斯坎德尔·米尔扎 (1956–59)
副职沙巴特·阿里·昌吉
前任阿瑟·麦唐纳
继任马烈·努尔汗
巴基斯坦正义和团结运动党主席
任期
1970年6月29日—2011年12月12日
前任政党成立
继任伊姆兰·汗
个人资料
出生(1921-01-17)1921年1月17日
英属印度查谟和克什米尔土邦查谟
逝世2018年1月5日(2018歲—01—05)（96歲）
巴基斯坦旁遮普省拉瓦尔品第
死因心力衰竭
墓地巴基斯坦开伯尔-普什图省阿伯塔巴德
国籍 巴基斯坦
公民权英属印度
(1921–1947)
巴基斯坦 (1947–2018)
政党巴基斯坦正义运动
(2012–2018)
其他政党正义和团结运动
(1970–2012)
国家民主党
(1964–1970)
获奖Hilal-i-Pakistan
Hilal-i-Quaid-i-Azam
Order of Crown
Order of the Crown of Thailand:vii[1]
军事背景
效忠英属印度 英属印度
 巴基斯坦
服役 英属印度陆军
印度皇家空军
 巴基斯坦
服役时间1939–68[2]
军衔 空军元帅
指挥巴基斯坦空军
参战
军事奖励Crosses of Aeronautical Merit

莫哈末·阿斯哈汗(乌尔都语：محمد اصغر خان‎‎，1921年1月17日 – 2018年1月5日), 是一名巴基斯坦空军的高级军官，政治家和自传作家，后来是一名持不同政见者，为和平主义、和平外交和巴基斯坦的人权服务。[3]

1921年，阿斯哈汗出生于查谟和克什米尔土邦的一个军人家庭，在1941年被派往印度皇家空军(IAF)担任军事顾问之前，曾在印度陆军担任过一段时间的军官--他后来被征召加入IAF，担任第二次世界大战亚洲战线的指挥官。印巴分治后，阿斯哈汗选择加入巴基斯坦空军(PAF)，后来在1957年被任命为总司令，他被提升为空军元帅，当时年仅36岁。当时巴基斯坦军队中最年轻的指挥级军官。1965年，他在直布罗陀行动地区应急计划问题上与陆军参谋长莫哈末·慕沙·汗持不同意见，并否决了参加第二次印巴战争的决定，最终导致空军元帅马烈·努尔汗接替他。[3] 1965年，阿斯哈汗被任命为巴基斯坦国际航空公司的一名高管，直到1968年退休，他继续在自己的军衔中任职。[2]

1968年从军队退役后，阿斯哈汗创建了正义和团结运动党，其核心思想是巴基斯坦世俗主义和第三条道路，它的政治纲领直接反对巴基斯坦人民党(PPP)和巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟(PML)，但未能在1970年巴基斯坦大选中产生任何重大影响。从20世纪70年代至90年代，阿斯哈汗的政治生涯专注于反对民选文官政府的和平示威或‘煽动政治’，并在20世纪90年代因梅赫兰银行丑闻对巴基斯坦人民党（PPP）和巴基斯坦穆斯林联盟（谢里夫派）在巴基斯坦最高法院提起多起诉讼而声名鹊起。 在此期间，阿斯哈汗撰写了许多政治书籍，其中一些对巴基斯坦军队参与国家政治提出了非常的批评或不同的批评。[4][5]

2011年，阿斯哈汗将他的政党与巴基斯坦正义运动合并。[6] 阿斯哈汗于2018年1月去世，并以国葬之礼隆重安葬。[7]

参考文献

  1. ^ Khan, Mohammad Asghar. Pakistan at the cross-roads. Ferozsons. 1969 [11 April 2018] （英语）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Naseeruddin., G. Trade and Industry. 1968 （英语）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Naveed Siddiqui, Dawn.com. Air Marshal Asghar Khan passes away in Islamabad. DAWN.COM. 2018-01-05 [2018-01-05] （美国英语）. 
  4. ^ Asghar Khan: India An Imagined Enemy. YouTube. 28 November 2009 [21 May 2018]. 
  5. ^ Air Marshal Asghar Khan Exposes Pakistan Army From 1947 to 1999. YouTube. 5 September 2015 [21 May 2018]. 
  6. ^ Reinforcement: Asghar Khan is latest PTI recruit. eTribune. 12 December 2011. 
  7. ^ State funeral prayer for Air Marshal Asghar Khan offered in Rawalpindi - BOL News. YouTube. 5 January 2018. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhwiki/w/index.php?title=阿斯加尔·汗&oldid=75326096”