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Draft:精神药物公约：修订间差异

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* '''附表 IV''' 包括一些诸如[[苯巴比妥]]的弱效巴比妥类药物以及其他[[安眠药]]，[[抗焦虑药]]，其他[[苯二氮卓类药物]]，以及一些弱效兴奋剂(如[[莫达非尼]]和[[阿莫达非尼]])。超过12种ATS被归为此类，包括取代苯丙胺化合物[[芬特明]].<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />
* '''附表 IV''' 包括一些诸如[[苯巴比妥]]的弱效巴比妥类药物以及其他[[安眠药]]，[[抗焦虑药]]，其他[[苯二氮卓类药物]]，以及一些弱效兴奋剂(如[[莫达非尼]]和[[阿莫达非尼]])。超过12种ATS被归为此类，包括取代苯丙胺化合物[[芬特明]].<ref name="ATS-defined on page 5" />


A 1999 UNODC report notes that Schedule I is a completely different regime from the other three. According to that report, Schedule I mostly contains [[hallucinogen]]ic drugs such as LSD that are produced by illicit laboratories, while the other three Schedules are mainly for licitly produced pharmaceuticals. The UNODC report<ref>{{cite web|last=Bayer |first=I. |author2=H. Ghodse |url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1999-01-01_1_page003.html |title=Evolution of international drug control, 1945–1995 |year=1999 |access-date=15 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113112714/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1999-01-01_1_page003.html |archive-date=13 January 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> also claims that the Convention's Schedule I controls are stricter than those provided for under the Single Convention, a contention that seems to be contradicted by the 2002 [[Senate of Canada]]<ref name="CansenReport"/> and 2003 [[European Parliament]] reports.<ref>{{cite web | author=Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg | date=24 March 2003 | url=http://www.europarl.eu.int/omk/sipade3?PUBREF=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A5-2003-0085+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN&L=EN&LEVEL=3&NAV=S&LSTDOC=Y | format=PDF | title=Report Including a Proposal for a Recommendation of the European Parliament to the Council on the Reform of the Conventions on Drugs | publisher=Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, European Parliament | access-date=15 April 2006 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
一份1999年的UNDOC的报告提醒，附表I在管理制度上与其他三个附表完全不同。根据这份报告，附表I大多包含那些非法制取的[[致幻剂]]类药物，比如LSD，而其他三个附表大多是合法生产的药物。尽管UNODC的报告<ref>{{cite web|last=Bayer |first=I. |author2=H. Ghodse |url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1999-01-01_1_page003.html |title=Evolution of international drug control, 1945–1995 |year=1999 |access-date=15 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113112714/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1999-01-01_1_page003.html |archive-date=13 January 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> 也声称公约的附表一管制比单一公约所规定的更为严格，但这一论点似乎与2002年的[[加拿大参议院]]<ref name="CansenReport"/> 和 2003年的 [[欧盟议会]] 相矛盾。<ref>{{cite web | author=Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg | date=24 March 2003 | url=http://www.europarl.eu.int/omk/sipade3?PUBREF=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A5-2003-0085+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN&L=EN&LEVEL=3&NAV=S&LSTDOC=Y | format=PDF | title=Report Including a Proposal for a Recommendation of the European Parliament to the Council on the Reform of the Conventions on Drugs | publisher=Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, European Parliament | access-date=15 April 2006 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


Although estimates and other controls specified by the Single Convention are not present in the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the [[International Narcotics Control Board]] corrected the omission by asking Parties to submit information and statistics not required by the Convention, and using the initial positive responses from various organic drug producing states to convince others to follow.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 January 2005 |url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaty_adherence.html |title=Monthly Status of Treaty Adherence |publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |access-date=15 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113104753/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaty_adherence.html |archive-date=13 January 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> In addition, the Convention does impose tighter restrictions on imports and exports of Schedule I substances. A 1970 [[Bulletin on Narcotics]] report notes:<ref name="Unodc.org-Report2">{{cite web|date=1 January 1970 |url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_3_page002.html |title=The Protocol on Psychotropic Substances |publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |access-date=15 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113112020/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_3_page002.html |archive-date=13 January 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref>
虽然《精神药物公约》中没有《麻醉品单一公约》规定的估计数和其他控制措施，[[国际麻醉品管制局]]纠正了这一遗漏，要求缔约国提交公约没有要求的信息和统计数据，并利用各个有机药物生产国最初的积极回应来说服其他国家效仿。<ref>{{cite web|date=1 January 2005 |url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaty_adherence.html |title=Monthly Status of Treaty Adherence |publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |access-date=15 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113104753/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaty_adherence.html |archive-date=13 January 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> 不仅如此,《公约》确实对附表1物质的进出口施加了更严格的限制。 A 1970 [[Bulletin on Narcotics]] report notes:<ref name="Unodc.org-Report2">{{cite web|date=1 January 1970 |url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_3_page002.html |title=The Protocol on Psychotropic Substances |publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |access-date=15 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113112020/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_3_page002.html |archive-date=13 January 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref>


{{blockquote|LSD, mescaline, etc., are controlled in a way which is more stringent than morphine under the narcotics treaties. [[s:Convention on Psychotropic Substances#Article 7: SPECIAL PROVISIONS REGARDING SUBSTANCES IN SCHEDULE 1|Article 7]], which sets down this regime, provides that such substances can only be moved in international trade when both exporter and importer are government authorities, or government agencies or institutions specially authorized for the purpose; in addition to this very rigid identification of supplier and recipient, in each case export and import authorization is also mandatory.<!--Their quote said Article 6, but it's really Article 7.-->}}
{{blockquote|LSD, mescaline, etc., are controlled in a way which is more stringent than morphine under the narcotics treaties. [[s:Convention on Psychotropic Substances#Article 7: SPECIAL PROVISIONS REGARDING SUBSTANCES IN SCHEDULE 1|Article 7]], which sets down this regime, provides that such substances can only be moved in international trade when both exporter and importer are government authorities, or government agencies or institutions specially authorized for the purpose; in addition to this very rigid identification of supplier and recipient, in each case export and import authorization is also mandatory.<!--Their quote said Article 6, but it's really Article 7.-->}}

2024年7月14日 (日) 09:40的版本

《精神药物公约》是一项控制苯丙胺、LSD等精神药物的联合国公约，1971年2月21日于奧地利维也纳签署通过。1961年制定的《麻醉品单一公约》无法禁止新出现的精神类药物，它所禁止的只有有限的古柯、大麻及鴉片衍生物。

该公约界定了精神药物的范围，规定了精神药物的管制措施，并规定了对违反公约的处罚方法。

缔约国

直到2018年2月,该公约共有184个缔约国。[1]其中包括联合国中的182个国家, 以及 圣座 与 巴勒斯坦. 联合国中未在此条约中的11个国家分别为：东帝汶、赤道几内亚、海地、基里巴斯、利比里亚、瑙鲁、萨摩亚、所罗门群岛、南苏丹、图瓦卢与瓦努阿图。利比里亚已签署该条约，但尚未批准。

受管制物质附表

附表及其中现有物质的清单可在国际麻醉品管制局的网站上找到。[2]

该条约包括了四份受管制物质的附表，从附表一（限制性最强）到附表四（限制性最低）。1971 年条约附有一份精神药物清单及其相应附表。条约中并未对每个附表中所包含的物质的共有特征进行正式描述,而，1970年的美国受管制物质法案则对其中的每个附表，都提供了具体的定义标准。[3] 2002年的一份欧洲议会与1996的一份来自UNODC的就苯丙胺类兴奋剂(ATS)的报告对国际附表做了如下的描述：[3][4]

一份1999年的UNDOC的报告提醒，附表I在管理制度上与其他三个附表完全不同。根据这份报告，附表I大多包含那些非法制取的致幻剂类药物，比如LSD，而其他三个附表大多是合法生产的药物。尽管UNODC的报告[6] 也声称公约的附表一管制比单一公约所规定的更为严格，但这一论点似乎与2002年的加拿大参议院[7] 和 2003年的 欧盟议会 相矛盾。[8]

虽然《精神药物公约》中没有《麻醉品单一公约》规定的估计数和其他控制措施，国际麻醉品管制局纠正了这一遗漏，要求缔约国提交公约没有要求的信息和统计数据，并利用各个有机药物生产国最初的积极回应来说服其他国家效仿。[9] 不仅如此,《公约》确实对附表1物质的进出口施加了更严格的限制。 A 1970 Bulletin on Narcotics report notes:[10]

LSD, mescaline, etc., are controlled in a way which is more stringent than morphine under the narcotics treaties. Article 7, which sets down this regime, provides that such substances can only be moved in international trade when both exporter and importer are government authorities, or government agencies or institutions specially authorized for the purpose; in addition to this very rigid identification of supplier and recipient, in each case export and import authorization is also mandatory.

Category:藥物政策 Category:藥物管制法律 Category:藥物管制條約 Category:刑事司法改革 Category:犯罪 Category:全球卫生 Category:公共卫生 Category:健康政策 Category:国际法 Category:世界衛生組織 Category:联合国经济和社会理事会

  1. ^ Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Treaty status 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期31 March 2016..
  2. ^ List of Psychotropic Substances under International Control (技术报告) 28. International Narcotics Control Board. January 2018 [20 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于15 March 2018）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: A Global Review (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: 5. [11 September 2015]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于5 March 2016）. 
  4. ^ Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg. Working document on the UN conventions on drugs. 6 October 2003 [15 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2006）. 
  5. ^ Outcome of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of the World Health Organization (PDF) (技术报告) 1018. World Health Organization. June 2018 [9 July 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于29 April 2020）. 
  6. ^ Bayer, I.; H. Ghodse. Evolution of international drug control, 1945–1995. 1999 [15 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2006）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  7. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为CansenReport的参考文献提供内容
  8. ^ Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg. Report Including a Proposal for a Recommendation of the European Parliament to the Council on the Reform of the Conventions on Drugs (PDF). Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, European Parliament. 24 March 2003 [15 April 2006]. [永久失效連結]
  9. ^ Monthly Status of Treaty Adherence. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1 January 2005 [15 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2006）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
  10. ^ The Protocol on Psychotropic Substances. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1 January 1970 [15 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2006）.  已忽略未知参数|df= (帮助)
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