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嗜铬细胞瘤:修订间差异

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'''嗜铬细胞瘤'''(pheochromocytoma),广义上是起源于[[肾上腺髓质]]、[[交感神经节]]或其他部位[[嗜铬组织]]的[[嗜铬细胞]]肿瘤<ref>Karel Pacak, Preoperative Management of the Pheochromocytoma Patient, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 92, Issue 11, 1 November 2007, Pages 4069–4079, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1720</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pheochromocytoma: Tips on Diagnosis and Localization |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/documents/mc5810-1209-pdf/doc-20079210 |website=Mayo Clinic}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=William F Young Jr |title=Molecular Mechanisms in Hypertension, Chapter: Clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780203281246 |page=8 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b14627-30/clinical-characteristics-pheochromocytoma-william-young-jr}}</ref>,狭义上特指发生在肾上腺髓质者<ref>Farrugia FA, Charalampopoulos A. Pheochromocytoma. Endocr Regul. 2019 Jul 1;53(3):191-212. doi: 10.2478/enr-2019-0020. PMID: 31517632.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Farhadul Islam |coauthors=Ichiro Abe, Alfred King-yin Lam, Suja Pillai |title=Recent Advances in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Molecular Pathogenesis, Clinical Impacts, and Therapeutic Perspective |date=2021 |publisher=Frontiers Media SA |isbn=9782889714827 |page=8}}</ref>,或是统称PPGL<ref>Eisenhofer G, Pamporaki C, Lenders JWM. Biochemical Assessment of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Endocr Rev. 2023 Sep 15;44(5):862-909. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnad011. PMID: 36996131.</ref><ref>Jain A, Baracco R, Kapur G. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma-an update on diagnosis, evaluation, and management. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Apr;35(4):581-594. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4181-2. Epub 2019 Jan 2. PMID: 30603807.</ref>。由于瘤体持续或间断地释放大量[[儿茶酚胺]],因而引起持续性或阵发性[[高血压]]和多个器官功能及代谢紊乱。
'''嗜铬细胞瘤'''(pheochromocytoma),广义上是起源于[[肾上腺髓质]]、[[交感神经节]]或其他部位[[嗜铬组织]]的[[嗜铬细胞]]肿瘤<ref>Karel Pacak, Preoperative Management of the Pheochromocytoma Patient, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 92, Issue 11, 1 November 2007, Pages 4069–4079, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1720</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pheochromocytoma: Tips on Diagnosis and Localization |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/documents/mc5810-1209-pdf/doc-20079210 |website=Mayo Clinic}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=William F Young Jr |title=Molecular Mechanisms in Hypertension, Chapter: Clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780203281246 |page=8 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b14627-30/clinical-characteristics-pheochromocytoma-william-young-jr}}</ref>,狭义上特指发生在肾上腺髓质者<ref>Farrugia FA, Charalampopoulos A. Pheochromocytoma. Endocr Regul. 2019 Jul 1;53(3):191-212. doi: 10.2478/enr-2019-0020. PMID 31517632.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Farhadul Islam |coauthors=Ichiro Abe, Alfred King-yin Lam, Suja Pillai |title=Recent Advances in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Molecular Pathogenesis, Clinical Impacts, and Therapeutic Perspective |date=2021 |publisher=Frontiers Media SA |isbn=9782889714827 |page=8}}</ref>,或是统称PPGL<ref>Eisenhofer G, Pamporaki C, Lenders JWM. Biochemical Assessment of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Endocr Rev. 2023 Sep 15;44(5):862-909. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnad011. PMID 36996131.</ref><ref>Jain A, Baracco R, Kapur G. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma-an update on diagnosis, evaluation, and management. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Apr;35(4):581-594. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4181-2. Epub 2019 Jan 2. PMID 30603807.</ref>。由于瘤体持续或间断地释放大量[[儿茶酚胺]],因而引起持续性或阵发性[[高血压]]和多个器官功能及代谢紊乱。


嗜铬细胞瘤通常位于肾上腺髓质约占90%,但有少数(10%)发生于肾上腺外{{en-link|副神经节|Paraganglion}}系统(又称'''副神经节瘤''')。绝大多数为散发性,少数为家族性。临床表现多变,主要表现为儿茶酚胺分泌过多引起的症状和体征,特别是阵发性高血压,其他如[[心率]]快、[[心悸]]、[[头晕]]、[[头痛]]、亢奋、发热、多汗等交感神经兴奋现象<ref name="Lenders 1427–1434">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Lenders JW, Pacak K, Walther MM, Linehan WM, Mannelli M, Friberg P, Keiser HR, Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G |date=March 2002 |title=Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: which test is best? |journal=JAMA |volume=287 |issue=11 |page=1427–34 |doi=10.1001/jama.287.11.1427 |pmid=11903030 |doi-access=free}}</ref>。嗜铬细胞瘤患者年齡大多為20歲至50岁之間<ref> 书名: 《现代泌尿外科疾病的诊疗与处置》 作者: 张小军主编 当前第:125页</ref>。肿瘤若为头颈部的副神经节瘤,還會造成患者出現[[耳鸣]]、听力丧失、[[呼吸困难]]和声音嘶哑等症狀<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Williams MD |date=September 2017 |title=Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck: An Overview from Diagnosis to Genetics |journal=Head and Neck Pathology |volume=11 |issue=3 |page=278–287 |doi=10.1007/s12105-017-0803-4 |pmc=5550402 |pmid=28321772}}</ref>。
嗜铬细胞瘤通常位于肾上腺髓质约占90%,但有少数(10%)发生于肾上腺外{{en-link|副神经节|Paraganglion}}系统(又称'''副神经节瘤''')。绝大多数为散发性,少数为家族性。临床表现多变,主要表现为儿茶酚胺分泌过多引起的症状和体征,特别是阵发性高血压,其他如[[心率]]快、[[心悸]]、[[头晕]]、[[头痛]]、亢奋、发热、多汗等交感神经兴奋现象<ref name="Lenders 1427–1434">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Lenders JW, Pacak K, Walther MM, Linehan WM, Mannelli M, Friberg P, Keiser HR, Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G |date=March 2002 |title=Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: which test is best? |journal=JAMA |volume=287 |issue=11 |page=1427–34 |doi=10.1001/jama.287.11.1427 |pmid=11903030 |doi-access=free}}</ref>。嗜铬细胞瘤患者年齡大多為20歲至50岁之間<ref> 书名: 《现代泌尿外科疾病的诊疗与处置》 作者: 张小军主编 当前第:125页</ref>。肿瘤若为头颈部的副神经节瘤,還會造成患者出現[[耳鸣]]、听力丧失、[[呼吸困难]]和声音嘶哑等症狀<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Williams MD |date=September 2017 |title=Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck: An Overview from Diagnosis to Genetics |journal=Head and Neck Pathology |volume=11 |issue=3 |page=278–287 |doi=10.1007/s12105-017-0803-4 |pmc=5550402 |pmid=28321772}}</ref>。

2024年9月11日 (三) 01:48的最新版本

嗜铬细胞瘤
症状高血壓, 心跳过速,頭痛, 膚色蒼白英语pallor
併發症高血压危象英语Hypertensive crisis
診斷方法儿茶酚胺含量升高
患病率0.8/100,000每年[1]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科內分泌學, 肿瘤学
ICD-11XH3854
ICD-10D35.0、​C74.1
OMIM171300、​171300
DiseasesDB9912
MedlinePlus000340
eMedicine379861、​988683
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

嗜铬细胞瘤(pheochromocytoma),广义上是起源于肾上腺髓质交感神经节或其他部位嗜铬组织嗜铬细胞肿瘤[2][3][4],狭义上特指发生在肾上腺髓质者[5][6],或是统称PPGL[7][8]。由于瘤体持续或间断地释放大量儿茶酚胺,因而引起持续性或阵发性高血压和多个器官功能及代谢紊乱。

嗜铬细胞瘤通常位于肾上腺髓质约占90%,但有少数(10%)发生于肾上腺外副神经节英语Paraganglion系统(又称副神经节瘤)。绝大多数为散发性,少数为家族性。临床表现多变,主要表现为儿茶酚胺分泌过多引起的症状和体征,特别是阵发性高血压,其他如心率快、心悸头晕头痛、亢奋、发热、多汗等交感神经兴奋现象[9]。嗜铬细胞瘤患者年齡大多為20歲至50岁之間[10]。肿瘤若为头颈部的副神经节瘤,還會造成患者出現耳鸣、听力丧失、呼吸困难和声音嘶哑等症狀[11]

治疗

[编辑]

手术是肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤和肾上腺外副神经节瘤的一线治疗方案[12]。对于大多数患者而言,微创手术,如腹腔镜肾上腺切除术,通常是首选技术。研究表明,经验丰富的外科医生可以安全地通过腹腔镜手术切除大多数嗜铬细胞瘤,即使患者的肿瘤直径超过6cm[13]

转移性嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤治愈的可能性很小,但应根据具体情况考虑手术切除原发肿瘤或转移性病灶。减瘤手术可以通过减少儿茶酚胺的分泌来改善症状和潜在的预后。由于嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤可大量分泌儿茶酚胺,患者术前应使用 α 受体阻滞剂(如酚苄明英语Phenoxybenzamine)治疗 10-14 天[12]

对于转移性嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤,目前暂无治愈性治疗方案,治疗策略的主要目标是控制儿茶酚胺的过度分泌和肿瘤负荷。治疗选择包括观察和等待(包括控制高血压的α受体阻滞剂)、局部治疗、放射性药物和分子靶向治疗等。个体化治疗方案需要由专业的多学科团队与患者共同讨论决定[12]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Beard CM, Sheps SG, Kurland LT, Carney JA, Lie JT. Occurrence of pheochromocytoma in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1979. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. December 1983, 58 (12): 802–4. PMID 6645626. 
  2. ^ Karel Pacak, Preoperative Management of the Pheochromocytoma Patient, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 92, Issue 11, 1 November 2007, Pages 4069–4079, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1720
  3. ^ Pheochromocytoma: Tips on Diagnosis and Localization. Mayo Clinic. 
  4. ^ William F Young Jr. Molecular Mechanisms in Hypertension, Chapter: Clinical characteristics of pheochromocytoma. CRC Press. : 8. ISBN 9780203281246. 
  5. ^ Farrugia FA, Charalampopoulos A. Pheochromocytoma. Endocr Regul. 2019 Jul 1;53(3):191-212. doi: 10.2478/enr-2019-0020. PMID 31517632.
  6. ^ Farhadul Islam; Ichiro Abe, Alfred King-yin Lam, Suja Pillai. Recent Advances in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Molecular Pathogenesis, Clinical Impacts, and Therapeutic Perspective. Frontiers Media SA. 2021: 8. ISBN 9782889714827. 
  7. ^ Eisenhofer G, Pamporaki C, Lenders JWM. Biochemical Assessment of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Endocr Rev. 2023 Sep 15;44(5):862-909. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnad011. PMID 36996131.
  8. ^ Jain A, Baracco R, Kapur G. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma-an update on diagnosis, evaluation, and management. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Apr;35(4):581-594. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4181-2. Epub 2019 Jan 2. PMID 30603807.
  9. ^ Lenders JW, Pacak K, Walther MM, Linehan WM, Mannelli M, Friberg P, et al. Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: which test is best?. JAMA. March 2002, 287 (11): 1427–34. PMID 11903030. doi:10.1001/jama.287.11.1427可免费查阅. 
  10. ^ 书名: 《现代泌尿外科疾病的诊疗与处置》 作者: 张小军主编 当前第:125页
  11. ^ Williams MD. Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck: An Overview from Diagnosis to Genetics. Head and Neck Pathology. September 2017, 11 (3): 278–287. PMC 5550402可免费查阅. PMID 28321772. doi:10.1007/s12105-017-0803-4. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Fassnacht, M.; Assie, G.; Baudin, E.; Eisenhofer, G.; de la Fouchardiere, C.; Haak, H.R.; de Krijger, R.; Porpiglia, F.; Terzolo, M.; Berruti, A. Adrenocortical carcinomas and malignant phaeochromocytomas: ESMO–EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology. 2020-11, 31 (11) [2023-03-10]. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2099. (原始内容存档于2022-06-16) (英语). 
  13. ^ Zhang, Liang; Chen, Danlei; Pang, Yingxian; Guan, Xiao; Xu, Xiaowen; Wang, Cikui; Xiao, Qiao; Liu, Longfei. Surgical treatment of large pheochromocytoma (>6 cm): A 10-year single-center experience. Asian Journal of Urology. 2022-07, 9 (3) [2023-03-10]. PMC 9399532可免费查阅. PMID 36035344. doi:10.1016/j.ajur.2022.04.004. (原始内容存档于2022-07-03) (英语).