User:Njsgdsza/沙盒
| 1952年國際汽聯世界一級方程式 錦標賽賽季 |
|
| 车手冠军：阿尔贝托·阿斯卡里 | |
| 上屆：1951 | 下屆：1953 |
1952年一级方程式赛季（英語：1952 Formula One season）是国际汽联一级方程式赛车的第6个赛季。与前几个赛季相比，1952赛季只由一小部分一级方程式比赛组成，这是因为国际汽联决定将所有大奖赛赛事计入车手世界锦标赛，使用二级方程式的规则而非一级方程式。第3届国际汽联车手世界锦标赛于5月18日开始，在8场比赛后于9月7日结束，阿尔贝托·阿斯卡里驾驶法拉利夺冠。除了一级方程式比赛和世界二级方程式锦标赛之外，许多其他不属于锦标赛的二级方程式比赛也在年内举行。
车队及车手
以下为参加1952年车手世界锦标赛的车队及车手。不包括只参加了印第安纳波利斯500的车队及车手。
* 只参加了印第安纳波利斯500的赛车
| 1906年以前的大奖赛赛季 | |
| 上屆：無 | 下屆：1906 |
1894年
| 日期 | 比赛 | 冠军车手 | 冠军制造商 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7月22日 |  巴黎–鲁昂赛
|
阿尔贝·勒迈特
|
标致 |
1895年
| 日期 | 比赛 | 冠军车手 | 冠军制造商 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5月18日 |  都灵–阿斯蒂–都灵赛
|
[[]]
|
戴姆勒 |
| 6月11日–13日 | 巴黎–波尔多–巴黎赛
|
保罗·克什兰
|
标致 |
| 11月28日 |  芝加哥时报-先驱报赛
|
弗兰克·杜里埃
|
杜里埃 |
1896年
| 日期 | 比赛 | 冠军车手 | 冠军制造商 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5月24日–25日 | 波尔多–阿让–波尔多赛
|
布斯凯
|
标致 |
| 5月30日 |  时尚月刊纽约–欧文顿赛
|
弗兰克·杜里埃
|
杜里埃 |
| 7月11日 |  [[]]
|
阿尔贝·洛马耶
|
标致 |
| 9月24日-10月3日 | 巴黎–马赛–巴黎赛
|
埃米尔·马亚德
|
庞阿尔 |
| 11月14日 |  伦敦-布赖顿赛（老车赛）
|
莱昂·博莱
|
阿梅代·博莱 |
1897年
| 日期 | 比赛 | 冠军车手 | 冠军制造商 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1月29日-1月31日 | 马赛-尼斯-拉蒂尔比赛
|
德沙瑟卢-洛巴伯爵
|
德迪翁 |
| 7月24日 | 巴黎-迪耶普赛
|
阿尔贝·德迪翁
|
德迪翁 |
| 8月14日 | 巴黎-特鲁维尔赛
|
[[]]
|
庞阿尔 |
| 8月22日–23日 | [[]]
|
艾蒂安·吉罗
|
庞阿尔 |
| 9月12日 | 阿罗纳-斯特雷萨-阿罗纳赛
|
朱塞佩·科比安基
|
奔驰 |
1898年
| 日期 | 比赛 | 冠军车手 | 冠军制造商 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3月6日-3月7日 | 马赛-尼斯赛
|
费尔南·沙朗
|
庞阿尔 |
| 5月1日 | 佩里格赛
|
G·莱斯
|
庞阿尔 |
| 5月11日-5月12日 | [[]]
|
勒内·德克尼夫
|
庞阿尔 |
| 5月24日 |  柏林-波茨坦-柏林赛
|
弗里德里希·格赖纳 | 戴姆勒 |
| 5月29日 | 波尔多-阿让赛
|
珀蒂
|
标致 |
| 6月25日–26日 | 布鲁塞尔-斯帕赛
|
[[]]
|
庞阿尔 |
| 7月7日-7月13日 |  巴黎-阿姆斯特丹-巴黎赛
|
费尔南·沙朗
|
庞阿尔 |
| 7月17日 | 都灵-阿斯蒂-亚历山德里亚-都灵赛
|
圭多·埃伦弗罗因德
|
米亚里&朱斯蒂 |
| 7月31日-8月1日 | 里尔-加来-里尔赛
|
[[]]
|
标致 |
| 8月20日–21日 | 波尔多-比亚里茨赛
|
勒内·卢瓦塞尔
|
博莱 |
| 8月21日 | 里昂-拉尼约赛
|
埃尔丹
|
标致 |
| 8月27日–29日 |  特拉福伊-门德尔帕斯赛
|
威廉·鲍尔
|
戴姆勒 |
| 10月11日 |  [[]]
|
帕维尔·别利亚耶夫
|
克莱芒 |
| 10月20日 | 圣日尔曼-韦尔农-圣日尔曼赛
|
勒韦格
|
莫尔 |
1899年
1900
1901
| Date | Name | Winning driver | Winning constructor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17 February | Circuit du Sud-Ouest
|
Maurice Farman
|
Panhard |
| 25 March | Nice–Salon–Nice race
|
Wilhelm Werner
|
Mercedes |
| 12 May | Mannheim–Pforzheim–Mannheim race
|
Willy Tischbein
|
De Dietrich |
| 29 May | Paris–Bordeaux race
|
Henri Fournier
|
Mors |
| 29 May | Coupe Gordon Bennett
|
Léonce Girardot
|
Panhard |
| 27–29 June | Paris–Berlin race
|
Henri Fournier
|
Mors |
| 30 June | Coppa Italia
|
Guido Adami
|
Panhard |
| 24 August | Piombino–Grosseto race
|
Felice Nazzaro
|
Fiat |
| 1 September | Oostende Meeting
|
Pierre de Caters
|
Mors |
1902
| Date | Name | Winning driver | Winning constructor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15–16 May | Circuit du Nord
|
Maurice Farman
|
Panhard |
| 26–28 June | Coupe Gordon Bennett
|
Selwyn Edge
|
Napier |
| 26–28 June | Paris–Vienna race
|
Marcel Renault
|
Renault |
| 31 July | Circuit des Ardennes
|
Charles Jarrott
|
Panhard |
| 31 August | Frankfurt Circuit Race
|
Wilhelm Werner
|
Mercedes |
| 14 September | Critérium de Provence
|
Paul Chauchard
|
Panhard |
1903
| Name | Date | Winning driver | Winning constructor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24 May |  Paris–Madrid race
|
Fernand Gabriel
|
Mors |
| 22 June | Circuit des Ardennes
|
Pierre de Crawhez
|
Panhard |
| 2 July |  Coupe Gordon Bennett
|
Camille Jenatzy
|
Mercedes |
| 30 August | Frankfurt Circuit Race
|
Willy Pöge
|
Mercedes |
| 18 October | Westend race
|
Gustav Müller
|
Mercedes |
1904
| Date | Name | Winning driver | Winning constructor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 May | Eliminatoires Françaises de la Coupe Internationale
|
Léon Théry
|
Richard-Brasier |
| 17 June | Coupe Gordon Bennett
|
Léon Théry
|
Richard-Brasier |
| 19 June | Frankfurt Circuit Race
|
Willy Pöge
|
Mercedes |
| 25 July | Circuit des Ardennes
|
George Heath
|
Panhard |
| 5 September | Coppa Brescia
|
Vincenzo Lancia
|
Fiat |
| 8 October | Vanderbilt Cup
|
George Heath
|
Panhard |
| 23 October | Bahrenfeld race
|
Victor Hémery
|
Opel-Darracq |
1905
| Date | Name | Winning driver | Winning constructor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 February |  Cuban Race
|
Ernesto Carricaburu
|
Mercedes |
| 30 May | English Elimination Trials
|
Clifford Earp
|
Napier |
| 16 June | Eliminatoires Françaises de la Coupe Internationale
|
Léon Théry
|
Richard-Brasier |
| 5 July | Coupe Gordon Bennett
|
Léon Théry
|
Richard-Brasier |
| 7 August | Circuit des Ardennes
|
Victor Hémery
|
Darracq |
| 27 August | Frankfurt Circuit Race
|
Fritz Opel
|
Opel |
| 3 September | Bahrenfeld race
|
Henri Jeannin
|
Argus |
| 9 September | Coppa Florio
|
Giovanni Battista Raggio
|
Itala |
| 23 September | Vanderbilt Elimination Race
|
Albert Dingley
|
Pope-Toledo |
| 14 October | Vanderbilt Cup
|
Victor Hémery
|
Darracq |
参考文献
- Etzrodt, Hans. Grand Prix Winners 1895–1949 : Part 1 (1895–1916). The Golden Era of Grand Prix Racing. [2007-08-05]. （原始内容存档于7 August 2007）.
.jpg) 希龙1927年于蒙莱里 | |
| 出生 | 路易·亚历山大·希龙 1899年8月3日 摩纳哥蒙特卡洛 |
|---|---|
| 逝世 | 1979年6月22日（79歲） 摩纳哥蒙特卡洛 |
| 世界一級方程式錦標賽職業生涯 | |
| 國籍 |  摩纳哥 |
| 活躍年代 | 1950年–1951年, 1953年, 1955年–1956年, 1958年 |
| 車隊 | 玛莎拉蒂 罗西耶 个人 蓝旗亚 中南 |
| 出賽次數 | 19 (15次起步) |
| 世界冠軍 | 0 |
| 分站冠軍 | 0 |
| 頒獎台 | 1 |
| 生涯積分 | 4 |
| 桿位 | 0 |
| 最快圈速 | 0 |
| 首次出賽 | 1950年英国大奖赛 |
| 最後出賽 | 1958年摩纳哥大奖赛 |
路易·亚历山大·希龙（1899年8月3日 – 1979年6月22日）是一名参加过拉力赛、跑车赛和大奖赛的摩纳哥赛车手。他是参加过一级方程式赛车最年长的车手，他在55岁时在1955年摩纳哥大奖赛中取得第6名的成绩。
职业生涯
路易·希龙在青少年时期对汽车和赛车产生了兴趣。 他在第一次世界大战之后开始参加大奖赛，in which he was seconded from an artillery regiment as a driver for Maréchal Pétain and Maréchal Foch.
他在1926年于图卢兹附近的圣戈当赢得了他的首个主场比赛，1926年科曼日大奖赛，and went on to drive a Bugatti and an Alfa Romeo P3 to victories in the Marseille Grand Prix, the Circuit of Masaryk, and the Spanish Grand Prix. In the Indianapolis 500 of 1929, he drove a Delage to 7th place. He won the 1931 Monaco Grand Prix—the only Monaco-born driver to have done so—and in 1933 he partnered with specialist endurance racer Luigi Chinetti to win the Spa 24 hours race.
Chiron retired in 1938, and World War II curtailed motor racing a year later. When racing resumed after the War, he came out of retirement and drove a Talbot-Lago to victory in two French Grands Prix.
According to a Los Angeles Times review of fellow driver Hellé Nice's biography, Chiron accused her, at a 1949 party in Monaco to celebrate the first postwar Monte Carlo Rally, of "collaborating with the Nazis". The review says biographer Miranda Seymour is "circumspect on Nice's guilt".[1] A review of the same book in The New York Times says Nice was accused of being a "Gestapo agent"; that Seymour "rebuts" the charge; and that it made Nice "unemployable".[2] Seymour's book says that in a letter to Antony Noghes, the head of the Monte Carlo Rally committee, Hellé Nice "protested her innocence"; that she told him she would appeal to the Monaco court unless Chiron wrote an apology; that no letter from Chiron has been found; and that the court has no record of such a case between 1949 and 1955.[3]
Paired with the Swiss driver Ciro Basadonna, Chiron won the 1954 Monte Carlo Rally, and achieved podium finishes in the fifteen Formula One races he entered that year. His last race was in 1955,[4] when he took a Lancia D50 to sixth place in the Monaco Grand Prix a few weeks before his 56th birthday,[5] becoming the oldest driver to compete in a Formula One race.[4] He is also the oldest driver ever to have entered for a Formula One race, taking part in practice for the 1958 Monaco Grand Prix when he was 58.
References
- ^ Neil, Dan. In pursuit of the Queen of Speed. Los Angeles Times. December 8, 2004 [February 4, 2016].
- ^ Grimes, William. A Racing Life: Plenty of Men and Fast Cars. The New York Times. December 24, 2004 [February 4, 2016].
- ^ Seymour, Miranda, Bugatti Queen, Random House: 258–259, 2004, ISBN 1-4000-6168-7
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Spurgeon, Brad. Measuring Experience in Youthful Formula One. The New York Times (The New York Times Company). August 22, 2009 [February 4, 2016].
- ^ 1955 Monaco Grand Prix. Motor Sport Magazine. [February 4, 2016].
External links
- Grand Prix History, Louis Chiron
- Louis Chiron at The Crittenden Automotive Library
- Louis Chiron at Le Mans
- 在Find a Grave上的Njsgdsza/沙盒
| 类别 | 单人座赛车 |
|---|---|
| 国家或地区 | 欧洲 |
| 首届开幕 | 1931年 |
| 停办年份 | 1939年 |
| 車手 | 32 (1939年) |
| 車隊 | 8 (1939年) |
| 赛车制造商 | 7 (1939年) |
| 上屆車手冠军 |  鲁道夫·卡拉乔拉 (1938) |
欧洲车手锦标赛是1950年世界一级方程式锦标赛创立之前的一年一度的赛车竞赛。它创立于1931年并一直持续到1939年底，其中1933年至1934年出现了间断。根据选定的部分大奖赛的成绩授予车手积分，也就是所谓的大赛（Grandes Épreuves）（这个术语已被用于1920年代以来最有声望的比赛；在1931年和1935年，一些重要的大奖赛不计入欧洲锦标赛，但仍然被称作大赛）。由于1939年第二次世界大战的爆发，最后一个赛季没有正式宣布冠军的归属。
锦标赛由国际认证汽车俱乐部协会（AIACR）管理，该协会是当今世界赛车运动管理机构国际汽车联合会的前身。
历史
The 1931 and 1932 seasons were run to existing Formula Libre regulations, with a minimum car weight of 900 kg.[1] The calendar consisted of the Italian Grand Prix, the French Grand Prix and the Belgian Grand Prix.
In 1934, the AIACR introduced a maximum weight limit of 750 kg for Grand Prix cars.[2] Already in 1933, new chancellor Adolf Hitler had announced that he would provide 450,000 reichsmarks to German companies to build Grand Prix cars. Eventually, the money was split between bidders, Mercedes-Benz and the newly formed Auto Union.[2] Auto Union took over the P-Wagen concept of Ferdinand Porsche and put the engine behind the driver. Both German manufacturers proved dominant in nearly all races they entered.[2] These cars proved to be the bases for the two companies entries in the first year of the European Championship. Other entries came from manufacturers including Alfa Romeo, whose team were being run by Scuderia Ferrari, Maserati, and Bugatti.
The 750 kg formula lasted until the end of 1937. By then, the German cars had over 600 hp, more than twice the rule makers had expected to be possible with that weight limit. For 1938, a new formula was introduced, limiting also engine sizes. Cars with a supercharger were permitted to have an engine size between 666 cc and 3000 cc, whereas normally aspirated cars were allowed between 1000 cc and 4500 cc.[3] The cars had to weigh between 400 kg and 850 kg; the exact minimum weight specified in the regulations was dependent on a car's engine capacity and followed a linear scale.[3]
At the AIACR's end of season meeting towards the end of 1938, it was expressed that some were not content using the then current points system. Belgium's representative, Mr. Langlois, was asked to come up with an alternative system for 1939.[4] Langlois took several months to propose a new system and there is no evidence to suggest that the previous scoring system was rescinded.[4]
In 1939, war broke out and the AIACR could not meet to publish an official set of championship results.[5] Hermann Lang was declared European champion by Korpsführer Adolf Hühnlein of the NSKK, who was also president of Germany's highest racing organisation, Oberste Nationale Sportbehörde für die Deutsche Kraftfahrt. Hühnlein's declaration was published as a statement in the Völkischer Beobachter, the official Nazi Party newsletter.[4] Hühnlein suggested that Lang had finished the season on 23 points,[4] but this conflicts with the official scoring system, under which Hermann Paul Müller would have been the champion.
Summary of results
Scoring system
Unlike the modern Formula One points system, the championship awarded fewer points for higher finishes; the champion would be the driver who ended the season on the lowest points score. The championship awarded one, two and three points to first, second and third places respectively. Other competitors were awarded points based on the percentage of the race distance they completed, as follows.
| % completed | Points |
|---|---|
| >75% | 4 |
| 50%-75% | 5 |
| 25%-50% | 6 |
| <25% | 7 |
Not entering, or failing to start the race, earned the driver eight points. Drivers only scored points with the car they entered the race with. In 1931, co-drivers were eligible to score championship points, but only from the car they were assigned to at the start, and provided that they had completed a stint in the car during the race. From 1932 onwards, if a driver handed his car over to another driver mid-race, only the original driver would score points from the car's final position.
Championship history
| Season | Champion Driver | Team | Poles | Wins | Podiums | Fastest Laps | Points | Margin (pnts) | Championship Grands Prix | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1931 | Ferdinando Minoia
|
Alfa Romeo | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | ITA |
FRA |
BEL |
||||
| 1932 | Tazio Nuvolari
|
Alfa Romeo | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | ITA |
FRA |
 GER |
||||
| 1933–1934 | Not held | ||||||||||||||
| 1935 |  Rudolf Caracciola
|
Mercedes-Benz | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 6 | MON |
FRA |
BEL |
GER |
 SUI |
ITA |
 ESP |
| 1936 | Bernd Rosemeyer
|
Auto Union | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 5 | MON |
GER |
SUI |
ITA |
|||
| 1937 | Rudolf Caracciola
|
Mercedes-Benz | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 13 | 2 | BEL |
GER |
MON |
SUI |
ITA |
||
| 1938 | Rudolf Caracciola
|
Mercedes-Benz | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 7 | FRA |
GER |
SUI |
ITA |
|||
| 1939 | Title not awarded due to outbreak of war. | BEL |
FRA |
GER |
SUI |
||||||||||
Footnotes
- ^ Etzrodt, Hans. GRAND PRIX WINNERS 1895-1949. The Golden Era of Grand Prix Racing. [2007-03-19].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rendall, Ivan. The Chequered Flag : 100 years of motor racing. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1995: 136. ISBN 0-297-83550-5.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 1938, Part 1 : Introduction. The Golden Era of Grand Prix Racing. [2007-02-20].
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 The 1939 European Championship. 8W. [2007-02-20].
- ^ 1939 Championship Table. The Golden Era of Grand Prix Racing. [2007-02-20].
Further reading
- Chris Nixon, Racing the Silver Arrows: Mercedes-Benz versus Auto Union 1934-1939 (Osprey, London, 1986)
See also
外部链接
| ||||||
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1935年大奖赛赛季（英語：1935 Grand Prix season）是国际认证汽车俱乐部协会欧洲锦标赛的第3个赛季。本赛季共有35场非锦标赛赛事和7场计入欧洲锦标赛的赛事。本赛季的冠军是梅赛德斯-奔驰车队的鲁道夫·卡拉乔拉。
请注意，带有纳粹标志的纳粹德国国旗于本赛季最后一场比赛的前一周，即1935年9月15日被采用。
参赛者
车队
厂队
| 车队 | 制造商 | 底盘 | 发动机 | 车手 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 戴姆勒-奔驰车队
|
梅赛德斯-奔驰 | W25 | 3.7/4.0/4.3 litres Straight-8 | 鲁道夫·卡拉乔拉 全职
|
 路易吉·法焦利 全职
| ||||
| 曼弗雷德·冯·布劳希奇 全职
| ||||
| 赫尔曼·朗
| ||||
| 汉斯·盖尔
| ||||
| 汽车联盟车队
|
汽车联盟 | B | 4.9/5.6 litres V16 | 汉斯·施图克 全职
|
| 贝恩德·罗泽迈尔 全职
| ||||
| 阿基莱·瓦尔齐 全职
| ||||
| 保罗·皮奇
| ||||
| 法拉利车队
|
阿尔法·罗密欧 | Tipo B "P3" 8C-35 |
3.2/3.8 litres Straight-8 3.8 litres Straight-8 |
塔齐奥·努沃拉里 全职
|
| 勒内·德雷富斯 全职
| ||||
| 路易·希龙 全职
| ||||
| 阿蒂利奥·马里诺尼
| ||||
| 安东尼奥·布里维奥
| ||||
| 阿尔卑斯车队
|
玛莎拉蒂 | 6C-34 V8-RI |
3.2 litres Straight-6 4.2 litres V8 |
戈弗雷多·策恩德
|
| 菲利普·埃唐瑟兰
| ||||
| 彼得罗·盖尔西
| ||||
| 朱塞佩·法里纳
| ||||
| 欧金尼奥·谢纳
| ||||
| 马塞尔·勒乌
| ||||
| Automobiles E.Bugatti
|
布加迪 | T59 | 3.3/3.8 litres Straight-8 | 皮耶罗·塔鲁菲
|
| 罗贝尔·伯努瓦
| ||||
| 让-皮埃尔·维米耶
| ||||
| ERA车队
|
ERA | B | 2.0 litres Straight-6 | 雷蒙德·梅斯
|
| 恩斯特·冯·德利乌斯
|
独立车队
| 车队 | 制造商 | 底盘 | 发动机 | 车手 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 比利亚帕迭纳车队
|
玛莎拉蒂 | 8CM | 3.0 litres Straight-8 | 马塞尔·勒乌
|
| Gruppo san Giorgio
|
阿尔法·罗密欧 玛莎拉蒂 |
Tipo B "P3" 26M |
3.0 litres Straight-8 2.5 litres Straight-8 |
雷纳托·巴莱斯特雷罗
|
| 路易吉·索菲耶蒂车队
|
玛莎拉蒂 | 8CM | 3.0 litres Straight-8 | 路易吉·索菲耶蒂
|
| 彼得罗·盖尔西
| ||||
| 豪伯爵车队
|
Bugatti 玛莎拉蒂 |
T59 8CM |
3.2 litres Straight-8 3.0 litres Straight-8 |
豪伯爵
|
| 布赖恩·刘易斯
| ||||
| 吉诺·罗韦雷车队
|
玛莎拉蒂 | 6C-34 | 3.7 litres Straight-6 | 朱塞佩·法里纳
|
| 佛朗哥·萨尔迪车队
|
阿尔法·罗密欧 | Tipo B "P3" | 2.9 litres Straight-8 | 费尔迪南多·巴尔别里
|
个人参赛
| 车手 | 制造商 | 底盘 | 发动机 | 参加比赛 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 雷蒙·佐默
|
阿尔法·罗密欧 | Tipo B "P3" | 3.2 litres Straight-8 | 比, 瑞, 西 |
 哈特曼·拉斯洛
|
玛莎拉蒂 | 8CM | 3.0 litres Straight-8 | 德, 瑞 |
| 汉斯·吕施
|
玛莎拉蒂 | 8CM | 3.0 litres Straight-8 | 德 |
| 赫纳罗·莱奥斯-阿瓦德
|
布加迪 | ? | 西 | |
赛季回顾
欧洲锦标赛大奖赛
| 场次 | 日期 | 比赛 | 赛道 | 冠军车手 | 冠军车队 | 报告 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4月22日 | 摩纳哥大奖赛
|
摩纳哥 | 路易吉·法焦利
|
梅赛德斯-奔驰 | 报告 |
| 2 | 6月23日 | 法国大奖赛
|
蒙莱里 | 鲁道夫·卡拉乔拉
|
梅赛德斯-奔驰 | 报告 |
| 3 | 7月14日 | 比利时大奖赛
|
斯帕-弗朗科尔尚 | 鲁道夫·卡拉乔拉
|
梅赛德斯-奔驰 | 报告 |
| 4 | 7月28日 | 德国大奖赛
|
纽博格林 | 塔齐奥·努沃拉里
|
阿尔法·罗密欧 | 报告 |
| 5 | 8月25日 | 瑞士大奖赛
|
布雷姆加滕 | 鲁道夫·卡拉乔拉
|
梅赛德斯-奔驰 | 报告 |
| 6 | 9月8日 | 意大利大奖赛
|
蒙扎 | 汉斯·施图克
|
汽车联盟 | 报告 |
| 7 | 9月22日 | 西班牙大奖赛
|
拉萨尔特 | 鲁道夫·卡拉乔拉
|
梅赛德斯-奔驰 | 报告 |
非锦标赛大奖赛
Championship Final Standings
|
|
External links
References
Etzrodt, Hans. Grand Prix Winners 1895–1949 : Part 3 (1934–1949). The Golden Era of Grand Prix Racing. [2007-08-05]. （原始内容存档于6 August 2007）.
Leif Snellman and Hans Etzrodt. 1935. The Golden Era of Grand Prix Racing. [2007-08-05]. （原始内容存档于5 July 2007）.
Galpin, Darren. 1935 Grands Prix. The GEL Motorsport Information Page. [2007-08-05].
| 双峰：与火同行 Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me | |
|---|---|
| File:Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me.png Theatrical release poster | |
| 基本资料 | |
| 导演 | 戴维·林奇 |
| 监制 | 格雷格·菲恩伯格 |
| 编剧 |
|
| 原著 | 双峰 马克·弗罗斯特 戴维·林奇作品 |
| 主演 | |
| 配乐 | 安杰洛·巴达拉门蒂 |
| 摄影 | 罗恩·加西亚 |
| 剪辑 | 玛丽·斯威尼 |
| 制片商 | CIBY Pictures |
| 片长 | 134分钟[1] |
| 产地 |
|
| 语言 | 英语 |
| 上映及发行 | |
| 上映日期 |
|
| 发行商 |
|
| 预算 | 1000万美元 |
| 票房 | 420万美元 (北美)[2] |
双峰镇
- Jay Aaseng as Drunk[8]
- 梅德兴·阿米克 饰演 谢莉·布里格斯[3][4]
- 达纳·阿什布鲁克 饰演 副警长博比·布里格斯[3][4]
- 菲比·奥古斯丁[a] 饰演 罗妮特·普拉斯基
- 理查德·贝默 饰演 本杰明·霍恩[9][4]
- Gia Carides as Hannah[8]
- Vincent Castellanos as Federico[8]
- Michael Cera as Wally "Brando" Brennan[8]
- Joan Chen as Josie Packard[b]
- Candy Clark as Doris Truman[10]
- Scott Coffey as Trick[8]
- Catherine E. Coulson[c] as Margaret Lanterman (the "Log Lady")[8][4]
- Grace Victoria Cox as Charlotte[8]
- Jan D'Arcy as Sylvia Horne[3][4]
- Eric Da Re as Leo Johnson[b]
- Ana de la Reguera as Natalie[11]
- Hugh Dillon as Tom Paige[11]
- Eamon Farren as Richard Horne[8]
- Sherilyn Fenn as Audrey Horne[3][4]
- Sky Ferreira as Ella[8]
- Robert Forster as Sheriff Frank Truman[12]
- Mark Frost as Cyril Pons
- Warren Frost[c] as Dr. Will Hayward[13][4]
- Balthazar Getty as Red[14]
- Harry Goaz as Deputy Sheriff Andy Brennan[3][4]
- Grant Goodeve as Walter Lawford[3]
- Andrea Hays as Heidi[8][4]
- Gary Hershberger as Mike Nelson[3][4]
- Michael Horse as Deputy Chief Tommy "Hawk" Hill[3][4]
- Caleb Landry Jones as Steven Burnett[3]
- Ashley Judd as Beverly Paige[13]
- David Patrick Kelly as Jerry Horne[3][4]
- Piper Laurie as Catherine Martell[b]
- Jane Levy as Elizabeth[8]
- Peggy Lipton as Norma Jennings[3][4]
- Sarah Jean Long as Miriam Sullivan[3]
- Riley Lynch as Bing
- James Marshall as James Hurley[3][4]
- Everett McGill as Ed Hurley[3][4]
- Clark Middleton as Charlie[8]
- Moby as Musician
- Jack Nance[c] as Pete Martell[b]
- Walter Olkewicz as Jacques Renault[a] and Jean-Michel Renault[8][4]
- John Pirruccello as Deputy Sheriff Chad Broxford
- Mary Reber as Alice Tremond[8]
- Kimmy Robertson as Lucy Brennan[3][4]
- Wendy Robie as Nadine Hurley[3][4]
- Eric Rondell as Johnny Horne
- Marvin "Marv" Rosand[c] as Toad[8][4]
- Rod Rowland as Chuck[8]
- Amanda Seyfried as Rebecca 'Becky' Burnett[15]
- Harry Dean Stanton as Carl Rodd[3][4]
- JR Starr as MC[8]
- Charlotte Stewart as Betty Briggs[3][4]
- Jessica Szohr as Renee[16]
- Russ Tamblyn as Dr. Lawrence Jacoby[8][4]
- Jodi Thelen as Maggie[8]
- Lauren Tewes as Gersten's neighbor[8]
- Jake Wardle as Freddie Sykes[8]
- Alicia Witt as Gersten Hayward[17][4]
- Karolina Wydra as Chloe[8]
- Charlyne Yi as Ruby[8]
- Grace Zabriskie as Sarah Palmer[3][4]
Government
- Chrysta Bell as FBI Agent Tammy Preston[8]
- Richard Chamberlain as Bill Kennedy[8]
- Laura Dern as Diane Evans[8]
- David Duchovny as FBI Chief of Staff Denise Bryson[18][4]
- Jay R. Ferguson as Special Agent Randall Headley[8]
- Miguel Ferrer[c] as FBI Agent Albert Rosenfield[3][4]
- Ernie Hudson as Colonel Davis[8]
- David Lynch as FBI Deputy Director Gordon Cole[19][4]
- Adele René as Lieutenant Cynthia Knox[8]
- Owain Rhys-Davies as Agent Wilson[8]
Las Vegas
- Alon Aboutboul as Head Mover[8]
- Joe Adler as Roger
- Tammie Baird as Lorraine[8]
- Jim Belushi as Bradley Mitchum
- John Billingsley as Doctor Ben[8]
- Ronnie Gene Blevins as Tommy[8]
- Wes Brown as Darren[8]
- Juan Carlos Cantu as Officer Reynaldo
- Larry Clarke as Detective T. Fusco[8]
- Jonny Coyne as Polish Accountant[8]
- Giselle Damier as Sandie[8]
- David Dastmalchian as Pit Boss Warrick[20]
- Jeremy Davies as Jimmy[8]
- Eric Edelstein as Detective "Smiley" Fusco[8]
- John Ennis as Slot Machine Man[8]
- Josh Fadem as Phil Bisby[8]
- Rebecca Field as Another Mom[8]
- Patrick Fischler as Duncan Todd[20]
- Meg Foster as Cashier[8]
- Pierce Gagnon as Sonny Jim Jones[8]
- Hailey Gates as Drugged-out Mother[21]
- Brett Gelman as Supervisor Burns[8]
- Ivy George as 5-Year-Old Girl
- Robert Knepper as Rodney Mitchum
- David Koechner as Detective D. Fusco[8]
- Jay Larson as Limo Driver[8]
- Andrea Leal as Mandie[8]
- Bellina Logan as Female Doctor[d][8]
- Josh McDermitt as Wise Guy[8]
- Don Murray as Bushnell Mullins[8]
- Sara Paxton as Candy Shaker[8]
- Linda Porter as Lady Slot-Addict
- Elena Satine as Rhonda[8]
- John Savage as Detective Clark[8]
- Amy Shiels as Candie[19]
- Tom Sizemore as Anthony Sinclair[19]
- Bob Stephenson as Frank[8]
- Ethan Suplee as Bill Shaker[8]
- Sabrina S. Sutherland as Floor Attendant Jackie
- Naomi Watts as Janey-E Jones[19]
- Nafessa Williams as Jade[8]
- Christophe Zajac-Denek as Ike "The Spike" Stadtler[8]
South Dakota
- Jane Adams as Constance Talbot[8]
- Brent Briscoe as Detective Dave Macklay[8]
- Bailey Chase as Detective Don Harrison[22]
- Neil Dickson as George Bautzer[8]
- George Griffith as Ray Monroe[3]
- Cornelia Guest as Phyllis Hastings[8]
- Nicole LaLiberte as Darya[8]
- Jennifer Jason Leigh as Chantal Hutchens[23]
- Matthew Lillard as William Hastings[8]
- Karl Makinen as Inspector Randy Hollister
- Bérénice Marlohe as French Woman[8]
- James Morrison as Warden Dwight Murphy[8]
- Christopher Murray as Officer Olson[8]
- Max Perlich as Hank[8]
- Tim Roth as Gary "Hutch" Hutchens[8]
- Mary Stofle as Ruth Davenport
Supernatural
- Phoebe Augustine as American Girl[a][8][4]
- Monica Bellucci as herself[8]
- David Bowie[c] as Phillip Jeffries[b][8]
- Nathan Frizzell as the voice of Phillip Jeffries[24]
- Robert Broski as Woodsman[8]
- Don S. Davis[c] as Major Garland Briggs[b][25]
- Erica Eynon as Experiment[8]
- Sheryl Lee as Laura Palmer[3][4]
- Joy Nash as Señorita Dido[8]
- Carlton Lee Russell as the Jumping Man[8][4]
- Frank Silva[c] as Killer BOB[b][26]
- Malachy Sreenan as Bosomy Lady[8]
- Al Strobel as MIKE[3][4]
- Carel Struycken as The Fireman[e][8][4]
- Ray Wise as Leland Palmer[3][4]
- Nae Yuuki as Naido[8]
Michael J. Anderson did not reprise his role as The Man from Another Place, who instead appears as a treelike computer-generated effect and is voiced by an uncredited actor. When asked who provided the voice for the CGI character, executive producer Sabrina Sutherland replied, "Unfortunately, I think this question should remain a mystery and not be answered."[27]
Other
- New York
- Michael Bisping as Guard[8]
- Benjamin Rosenfield as Sam Colby[8]
- Madeline Zima as Tracey Barberato[8]
- New Mexico, 1956
- Leslie Berger as New Mexico Wife[8]
- Cullen Douglas as Disc Jockey[8]
- Tikaeni Faircrest as Girl[f][8]
- Tad Griffith as New Mexico Husband[8]
- Xolo Mariduena as Boy[8]
- Tracy Philips as Receptionist[8]
- Montana
- Frank Collison as Muddy[8]
- Derek Mears as Renzo[8]
- Odessa
- Matt Battaglia as Cowboy 3[8]
- Francesca Eastwood as Texas Waitress Kristi[8]
- Heath Hensley as Cowboy 1[8]
- Rob Mars as Cowboy 2[8]
- Sheryl Lee as Carrie Page
- Notes
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 These actors appear both in archive footage and, playing different roles, in new material.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Archive footage only.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 These actors died before the series aired and episodes are dedicated in their memory.
- ^ In the original series, Logan portrayed Louie "Birdsong" Budway.
- ^ The character's name wasn't revealed until Part 14. Struycken was credited as "The Giant" in the original series.
- ^ Mark Frost's novel Twin Peaks: The Final Dossier reveals that this girl is a young Sarah Palmer.
| 2017年国际汽联二级方程式锦标赛 | |
| 车手冠军：夏尔·勒克莱尔 车队冠军：俄罗斯时间 | |
| 上屆：無 | 下屆：2018 |
2017年国际汽联二级方程式锦标赛是国际汽联二级方程式锦标赛的第一个赛季，是一项作为2017年世界一级方程式锦标赛的垫场赛的赛车锦标赛。锦标赛由国际汽车联合会（FIA）批准，向遵守二级方程式规则的车队和车手开放。[28]
本赛季被夏尔·勒克莱尔统治，他在赛季还剩下三场比赛的时候取得了车手冠军。[29] 第二名和第三名分别是阿尔乔姆·马尔克洛夫和奥利弗·罗兰。车队冠军在最后一场比赛中决出，最终俄罗斯时间以15分的优势战胜第二名的普雷马车队，第三名是DAMS车队，落后第二名11分。
车队及车手
所有二级方程式车手都使用达拉拉GP2/11底盘、梅卡克罗姆GP2 V8发动机和倍耐力轮胎。
| 车队 | 车号 | 车手 | 场次 |
|---|---|---|---|
 普雷马车队
|
1 | 夏尔·勒克莱尔[30]
|
全部 |
| 2 | 安东尼奥·福科[30]
|
全部 | |
 赛车工程车队
|
3 | 路易·德莱特拉[31]
|
1–7 |
| 尼克·德弗里斯[32]
|
8–11 | ||
| 4 |  古斯塔夫·马亚[33]
|
全部 | |
| 俄罗斯时间车队
|
5 | 卢卡·吉奥托[34]
|
全部 |
| 6 | 阿尔乔姆·马尔克洛夫[34]
|
全部 | |
| ART大奖赛车队
|
7 |  松下信治[35]
|
全部 |
| 8 |  亚历山大·阿尔本[36]
|
1–3, 5–11 | |
| 谢尔盖·西罗特金[37]
|
4 | ||
| DAMS车队
|
9 | 奥利弗·罗兰[38]
|
全部 |
| 10 |  尼古拉·拉蒂菲[38]
|
全部 | |
| 坎波斯车队
|
11 | 拉尔夫·博雄[39]
|
1–10 |
| 兰多·诺里斯[40]
|
11 | ||
| 12 | 斯特凡诺·科莱蒂[41]
|
1 | |
| 罗伯托·迈尔希[42]
|
2 | ||
 罗伯特·维绍尤[43]
|
3–9 | ||
| 亚历克斯·帕洛[N 1][44]
|
10–11 | ||
| MP车队
|
14 |  塞尔吉奥·塞特·卡马拉[45]
|
All |
| 15 | 乔丹·金[46]
|
全部 | |
| 三叉戟车队
|
16 |  纳比勒·加法里[47]
|
全部 |
| 17 | 塞尔希奥·卡纳马萨斯[41]
|
1–4 | |
| 拉法埃莱·马尔切洛[48]
|
5 | ||
| 卡勒姆·伊洛特[49]
|
6 | ||
 桑蒂诺·费鲁奇[50]
|
7–11 | ||
| 拉帕克斯车队
|
18 | 尼克·德弗里斯[51]
|
1–7 |
| 路易·德莱特拉[32]
|
8–11 | ||
| 19 |  小约翰尼·切科托[51]
|
1–4 | |
| 塞尔希奥·卡纳马萨斯[48]
|
5–7 | ||
| 罗伯托·迈尔希[32][52]
|
8–9, 11 | ||
 雷内·宾德尔[53]
|
10 | ||
| 印尼国家石油阿登车队[54]
|
20 | 诺曼·纳托[55]
|
全部 |
| 21 |  肖恩·格拉厄尔[55]
|
全部 |
赛程
| Round | Circuit/Location | Date | Supporting | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir
|
15–16 April | Template:F1 gp | |
| 2 | Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, Barcelona
|
13–14 May | Template:F1 gp | |
| 3 | Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo
|
26–27 May | Template:F1 gp | |
| 4 |  Baku City Circuit, Baku
|
24–25 June | Template:F1 gp | |
| 5 | Red Bull Ring, Spielberg
|
8–9 July | Template:F1 gp | |
| 6 | Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone
|
15–16 July | Template:F1 gp | |
| 7 | Hungaroring, Budapest
|
29–30 July | Template:F1 gp | |
| 8 | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Francorchamps
|
26–27 August | Template:F1 gp | |
| 9 | Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Monza
|
2–3 September | Template:F1 gp | |
| 10 | Circuito de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera
|
7–8 October | stand-alone event | |
| 11 |  Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi
|
25–26 November | Template:F1 gp | |
| Source:[56] | ||||
Results and standings
Season summary
Scoring system
Points were awarded to the top 10 classified finishers in the Feature race, and to the top 8 classified finishers in the Sprint race. The pole-sitter in the feature race also received four points, and two points were given to the driver who set the fastest lap inside the top ten in both the feature and sprint races. No extra points were awarded to the pole-sitter in the sprint race.
- Feature race points
| Position | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | Pole | FL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 25 | 18 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
- Sprint race points
Points were awarded to the top 8 classified finishers.
| Position | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | FL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Drivers' championship
|
Bold – Pole (Feature race only) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes:
- † — Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.
Teams' championship
|
Bold – Pole (Feature race only) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes:
- † — Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.
Footnotes
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Palou is a Spanish driver who competed under a Japanese racing license.
- ^ Stefano Coletti set the fastest lap, but finished outside the top 10, so he was ineligible to score points for the fastest lap.
- ^ Sérgio Sette Câmara set the fastest lap, but finished outside the top 10, so he was ineligible to score points for the fastest lap.
- ^ Ralph Boschung set the fastest lap, but finished outside the top 10, so he was ineligible to score points for the fastest lap.
- ^ Charles Leclerc set the fastest lap, but did not finish, so he was ineligible to score points for the fastest lap.
- ^ Charles Leclerc initially qualified on pole, but was later disqualified due to a technical breach.
- ^ Antonio Fuoco set the fastest lap, but finished outside the top 10, so he was ineligible to score points for the fastest lap.
- ^ Charles Leclerc won the race, but was later disqualified due to a technical infringement.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Jordan King set the fastest lap, but finished outside the top 10, so he was ineligible to score points for the fastest lap.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Luca Ghiotto won the race and set the fastest lap, but was later issued a time penalty and stripped of the fastest lap after he was found to have exceeded track limits and gained an advantage.
- ^ René Binder set the fastest lap, but finished outside the top 10, so he was ineligible to score points for the fastest lap.
- ^ Oliver Rowland won the race, but was later disqualified due to a technical infringement.
- ^ Jordan King set the fastest lap, but finished outside the top 10, so he was ineligible to score points for the fastest lap.
References
- ^ TWIN PEAKS - FIRE WALK WITH ME (18). British Board of Film Classification. June 12, 1992 [April 23, 2015].
- ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
mojo的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 Andreeva, Nellie. 'Twin Peaks': Who Else Is Returning & Other Tidbits About Showtime Reboot. Deadline Hollywood. February 10, 2016 [March 13, 2016].
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Beymer的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Nahmod, David-Elijah. Clark remembers Bowie. ebar.com. March 10, 2016 [March 10, 2016].
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Forster的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 13.0 13.1 Andreeva, Nellie. ‘Twin Peaks’: Ashley Judd Joins Reboot. Deadline Hollywood. February 12, 2016 [February 13, 2016].
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Duchovny的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 引用错误：没有为名为
WattsSizemore的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 20.0 20.1 Andreeva, Nellie. ‘Twin Peaks’ Reboot Adds Patrick Fischler & David Dastmalchian. Deadline Hollywood. March 4, 2016 [March 8, 2016].
- ^ Hirschberg, Lynn. Hailey Gates Thought the Secrecy on David Lynch's Twin Peaks Reboot Was "Pretty Funny". W Magazine. May 18, 2017 [May 22, 2017].
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External links
| 賽事細節 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| 日期 | 1906年6月26日和27日 | ||
| 官方名稱 | 第9届法国汽车俱乐部大奖赛[nb 1] | ||
| 舉辦地點 | 法国勒芒 | ||
| 賽道類型 | 公路 | ||
| 賽道長度 | 103.18公里（64.11英里） | ||
| 比賽距離 | 12圈，1,238.16公里（769.36英里） | ||
| 最快單圈 | |||
| 車手 |
保罗·巴拉斯 (FRA) | 布拉西耶 | |
| 時間 | 52:25.4于第1圈 | ||
| 頒獎台 | |||
| 第一名 | 雷诺 | ||
| 第二名 | 菲亚特 | ||
| 第三名 | 克莱芒-巴亚尔 | ||
- ^ Hodges (1967), pp. 2–3
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