宰赫蘭
| 宰赫蘭 الظهران | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location in the Kingdom of 沙特阿拉伯 Location in the Kingdom of 沙特阿拉伯 | |
| 坐標：26°16′N 50°09′E / 26.27°N 50.15°E | |
| 省 | 東部省 |
| 政府 | |
| • 市長 | Bandar Al-Subayi |
| 面積 | |
| • 城市 | 100 平方公里 (40 平方英里) |
| • 陸地 | 100 平方公里（40 平方英里） |
| • 水域 | 0 平方公里（0 平方英里） |
| 人口（2004） | |
| • 城市 | 11,300人 |
| • 都會區 | 97,446 |
宰赫蘭 (阿拉伯語 الظهران aẓ-Ẓahrān) 位於沙特阿拉伯的 東部省，達曼的郊區，是沙特 石油 工業的重要中心。巨大石油儲備 1931年首次在 宰赫蘭 地區發現，1935 年加利福尼亞標準石油 公司 (現在的 雪佛龍公司) 打了第一口商業油井。 標準石油後來建立了沙特阿拉伯 分部，叫做 阿拉伯 美國 石油 公司 (ARAMCO), 現在被沙特政府控制作 沙特 Aramco.
地理
宰赫蘭距Al-Khobar市中心以西很近，大約有15公里（9.3英里）距Dammam南部。 他們都是沙特城市 阿拉伯灣邊古老的港口城市。 Looking farther afield, 宰赫蘭處於Abqaiq東北，Qatif東南以及更北邊的Ras Tanura，一個主要的石油輸出港。島國巴林 在東邊，處於可開車到大的距離(about 20英里（32公里）)，只需從al-khobar穿過King Fahd Causeway。
地質
城市所處的那塊沙漠是 多山多石的。沙特阿拉伯最早的出產石油的油井就處於那塊地啊去。 比如達曼#7號井 "Prosperity Well,"沙特阿拉伯1930年代第一口商業運營成功的油井。這口井70年後仍在生產，later led to the selection of two barren nearby hills as the place for Aramco to construct its headquarters.[1]
宰赫蘭-達曼地區是除吉達意外另一個被選做山特第一個 核反應堆建造地區的地方。[2]
氣候
宰赫蘭的氣候特點是極端酷熱、潮濕的夏季和涼爽的動機。氣溫在夏季可升至超過50 °C（120 °F），coupled with 波斯灣帶來的極高的濕度(85-100 per cent)。 宰赫蘭 保持着世界最高dew point 的記錄。On July 8th, 2003 the dew point was 95 °F（35.0 °C）。那時的氣溫是108 °F（42.2 °C） giving a heat index of 172 °F（77.8 °C）.[1] It also holds the record for the highest temperature recorded in the country - 124 °F（51.1 °C）[3] In winter, the temperature rarely falls below 2 °C（35.6 °F） or 3 °C（37.4 °F）, with rain falling mostly between the months of November and May. The Shamal winds usually blow across the 城市 in the early months of the summer, bringing dust storms that can reduce v是ibility to a few metres. These winds can last for up to three months..
歷史
宰赫蘭 was settled after 1938，那年石油在附近被發現。[2]
1950年宰赫蘭有人口曰7,000 people。[3]
經濟
宰赫蘭 是 沙特 Aramco的總部。 該公司是世界上最大的石油公司 with the largest 石油 reserves in the world [4], and it produces about 10 million barrels of 石油 per day. Most of the 石油 是 exported, since local 沙特 needs require about 12 percent of the total production. (See: 沙特 Aramco)
65年前宰赫蘭 是 still 沙特 Aramco的 worldwide headquarters and the center of the company的 finance, exploration, engineering, drilling services, medical services, materials supply and other company organ是ations.
Demographics
宰赫蘭人口 includes many expatriates 亞洲國家，比如 孟加拉人、印度人、印尼人、尼泊爾人、巴基斯坦人和菲律賓人，以及從美國、加拿大、歐洲、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭來的西方人。也有很多非沙特 阿拉伯人住在宰赫蘭，如埃及人、約旦人、黎巴嫩人、巴勒斯坦人、蘇丹人和敘利亞人。。2004調查，總人口 of the 宰赫蘭 市 是 97,446.
Many companies that employ relatively large numbers of expats have built fenced-in compounds where most expats live, such as the 沙特 Aramco Residential Camp in 宰赫蘭, ROC, CCC, Al-Nada,綠洲, and many others. There are also several neighborhoods, or suburbs, such as Hay Al-Doha (حي الدوحه) and Hay Al-Dana (حي الدانة), whose residents include 沙特 nationals as well as expats.
政府、法律和安全
宰赫蘭 是沙特最大的東部 省 (東部省 (沙特阿拉伯))的一部分。該省由Mohammed bin Fahd bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud王子管理。就像沙特其他地方一樣，the law of Shari』a, or 是lamic law 是 adhered to. Following the 沙特阿拉伯選舉 in 2005, members of the municipal councils were elected.
宰赫蘭 是 guarded as它是一座high visibility 城市。沙特特種緊急部隊的東部 省總部就位於 宰赫蘭的沙特 Aramco 居住區附近。城市中有許多安全檢查點that have been almost permanently in place since the 利雅得Compound Bombings.
運輸
As the centre of the nation的石油 industry, 宰赫蘭 enjoys excellent transport resources both nationally and internationally.
沙特的 excellent highway infrastructure was modernized extensively in the '70s and '80s and features National Guard checkpoints at strategic locations.
作為沙特阿拉伯的三大主要國際機場之一，舊的宰赫蘭機場 (DHA), which in 1946 began as the 宰赫蘭 Airfield, 是 now an airbase of the 皇家沙特空軍。今天法赫德國王國際機場 (DMM)代替了宰赫蘭國際機場的商業和cargo功能。機場服務整個宰赫蘭都市圈，包括Dammam, and Al Khobar. 沙特 Aramco Aviation has its own buildings and terminal where all 沙特 Aramco flights originate.
Although rail service in 沙特阿拉伯 plays a much more minor role today than 50 years ago, an industrial railroad with a station adjacent to 宰赫蘭仍然存在，linking it to首都利雅得。
公共運輸是 not wide-spread although it 是 available in a very limited manner. Taxi service 是 more popular than taking a bus. 沙特 Aramco runs its own bus transport, which connects the residential and industrial camps of the company, as well as connecting them to 宰赫蘭 and Khobar. Almost all residential compounds operate their own bus services which are typically used for shopping trips by the residents.
通信與媒體
移動通信主要有STC和Mobily提供。兩家公司均提供3G services to their customers. STC also provides landlines through its Al-Hatif services, as well as providing internet services through 沙特 Data. There are several Internet Service Providers such as Al-Alamiah, ArabNet, Nesma and others. Both dial-up and DSL services are available.
There are several popular radio stations, such as Radio Sawa, Studio One 91.4 FM, broadcast from Aramco, Bahrain Radio 96.5 FM, and AFRTS.
衛星電視處於市場中的主要地位，with Orbit Network and Showtime 阿拉伯 being the most popular, as well as the widespread Arabsat and Nilesat satellite channel operators.
教育
宰赫蘭學校有兩種：公立和私立。公立學校(K-12)對所有人開放strictly adhere to teaching the curriculum exactly as provided by the Min是try of 教育. Public 學校s also come under two sections: Aramco Built and 政府 built. The Aramco built 學校s are usually better in design and last longer due to them being built on higher standards. 宰赫蘭的第一所中學以及宰赫蘭 Third Intermediate 學校s are examples of Aramco built宰赫蘭的公立學校。私立學校也教授教育部規定課程，但是他們有更大的自主權，often enhancing certain aspects, such as teaching more than just the min是try的curriculum when teaching 英語。法赫德國王大學附屬學校和 Al-Sa'ad 國立學校是宰赫蘭私立學校的代表
也有許多學校 that teach the curriculum of their native countries, such as the Indian International 學校, 宰赫蘭 英國文法 學校, 宰赫蘭 Academy, 宰赫蘭 中心， 宰赫蘭高中, and Al-Khobar French 學校.
宰赫蘭也是法赫德國王石油及礦業大學所在地，and the Aramco Training Center (ATC), where many new employees of 沙特 Aramco learn useful skills，比如英語、商業數學、物理學和計算機法赫德國王大學及Mohammad bin Fahd 王梓大學也在城市附近。There are also plans for building the Abdullah 國王科技大學。
參考
參見
外部連結
- 宰赫蘭市
- Aramco expats 沙特 Aramco 官網expatriate life inside and outside the Kingdom of 沙特阿拉伯.
- Travel guide with photos by VirtualTourist.com
- 宰赫蘭美國總領館
- 歷史 of 宰赫蘭 (1950-51) by Ted A. Morris美國空軍退役, Lt. Col.
- General information about 宰赫蘭, useful for first time 訪問者 官方宰赫蘭 homepage.
- 沙特 ISP列表
- 26°18′14″N 50°07′59″E / 26.3040°N 50.1330°E