宰赫兰
| 宰赫兰 الظهران | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location in the Kingdom of 沙特阿拉伯 Location in the Kingdom of 沙特阿拉伯 | |
| 坐标：26°16′N 50°09′E / 26.27°N 50.15°E | |
| 省 | 东部省 |
| 政府 | |
| • 市长 | Bandar Al-Subayi |
| 面积 | |
| • 城市 | 100 平方公里 (40 平方英里) |
| • 陸地 | 100 平方公里（40 平方英里） |
| • 水域 | 0 平方公里（0 平方英里） |
| 人口（2004） | |
| • 城市 | 11,300人 |
| • 都會區 | 97,446 |
宰赫兰 (阿拉伯语 الظهران aẓ-Ẓahrān) 位于沙特阿拉伯的 东部省，达曼的郊区，是沙特 石油 工业的重要中心。巨大石油储备 1931年首次在 宰赫兰 地区发现，1935 年加利福尼亚标准石油 公司 (现在的 雪佛龙公司) 打了第一口商业油井。 标准石油后来建立了沙特阿拉伯 分部，叫做 阿拉伯 美国 石油 公司 (ARAMCO), 现在被沙特政府控制作 沙特 Aramco.
地理
宰赫兰距Al-Khobar市中心以西很近，大约有15公里（9.3英里）距Dammam南部。 他们都是沙特城市 阿拉伯湾边古老的港口城市。 Looking farther afield, 宰赫兰处于Abqaiq东北，Qatif东南以及更北边的Ras Tanura，一个主要的石油输出港。岛国巴林 在东边，处于可开车到达的距离(about 20英里（32公里）)，只需从al-khobar穿过King Fahd Causeway。
地质
城市所处的那块沙漠是 多山多石的。沙特阿拉伯最早的出产石油的油井就处于那块地啊去。 比如达曼#7号井 "Prosperity Well,"沙特阿拉伯1930年代第一口商业运营成功的油井。这口井70年后仍在生产，later led to the selection of two barren nearby hills as the place for Aramco to construct its headquarters.[1]
宰赫兰-达曼地区是除吉达意外另一个被选做山特第一个 核反应堆建造地区的地方。[2]
气候
宰赫兰的气候特点是极端酷热、潮湿的夏季和凉爽的动机。气温在夏季可升至超过50 °C（120 °F），coupled with 波斯湾带来的极高的湿度(85-100 per cent)。 宰赫兰 保持着世界最高dew point 的记录。On July 8th, 2003 the dew point was 95 °F（35.0 °C）。那时的气温是108 °F（42.2 °C） giving a heat index of 172 °F（77.8 °C）.[1] It also holds the record for the highest temperature recorded in the country - 124 °F（51.1 °C）[3] In winter, the temperature rarely falls below 2 °C（35.6 °F） or 3 °C（37.4 °F）, with rain falling mostly between the months of November and May. The Shamal winds usually blow across the 城市 in the early months of the summer, bringing dust storms that can reduce v是ibility to a few metres. These winds can last for up to three months..
历史
宰赫兰 was settled after 1938，那年石油在附近被发现。[2]
1950年宰赫兰有人口曰7,000 people。[3]
经济
宰赫兰 是 沙特 Aramco的总部。 该公司是世界上最大的石油公司 with the largest 石油 reserves in the world [4], and it produces about 10 million barrels of 石油 per day. Most of the 石油 是 exported, since local 沙特 needs require about 12 percent of the total production. (See: 沙特 Aramco)
65年前宰赫兰 是 still 沙特 Aramco的 worldwide headquarters and the center of the company的 finance, exploration, engineering, drilling services, medical services, materials supply and other company organ是ations.
Demographics
宰赫兰人口 includes many expatriates 亚洲国家，比如 孟加拉人、印度人、印尼人、尼泊尔人、巴基斯坦人和菲律宾人，以及从美国、加拿大、欧洲、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰来的西方人。也有很多非沙特 阿拉伯人住在宰赫兰，如埃及人、约旦人、黎巴嫩人、巴勒斯坦人、苏丹人和叙利亚人。。2004调查，总人口 of the 宰赫兰 市 是 97,446.
Many companies that employ relatively large numbers of expats have built fenced-in compounds where most expats live, such as the 沙特 Aramco Residential Camp in 宰赫兰, ROC, CCC, Al-Nada,绿洲, and many others. There are also several neighborhoods, or suburbs, such as Hay Al-Doha (حي الدوحه) and Hay Al-Dana (حي الدانة), whose residents include 沙特 nationals as well as expats.
政府、法律和安全
宰赫兰 是沙特最大的东部 省 (东部省 (沙特阿拉伯))的一部分。该省由Mohammed bin Fahd bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud王子管理。就像沙特其他地方一样，the law of Shari’a, or 是lamic law 是 adhered to. Following the 沙特阿拉伯选举 in 2005, members of the municipal councils were elected.
宰赫兰 是 guarded as它是一座high visibility 城市。沙特特种紧急部队的东部 省总部就位于 宰赫兰的沙特 Aramco 居住区附近。城市中有许多安全检查点that have been almost permanently in place since the 利雅得Compound Bombings.
运输
As the centre of the nation的石油 industry, 宰赫兰 enjoys excellent transport resources both nationally and internationally.
沙特的 excellent highway infrastructure was modernized extensively in the '70s and '80s and features National Guard checkpoints at strategic locations.
作为沙特阿拉伯的三大主要国际机场之一，旧的宰赫兰机场 (DHA), which in 1946 began as the 宰赫兰 Airfield, 是 now an airbase of the 皇家沙特空军。今天法赫德国王国际机场 (DMM)代替了宰赫兰国际机场的商业和cargo功能。机场服务整个宰赫兰都市圈，包括Dammam, and Al Khobar. 沙特 Aramco Aviation has its own buildings and terminal where all 沙特 Aramco flights originate.
Although rail service in 沙特阿拉伯 plays a much more minor role today than 50 years ago, an industrial railroad with a station adjacent to 宰赫兰仍然存在，linking it to首都利雅得。
公共运输是 not wide-spread although it 是 available in a very limited manner. Taxi service 是 more popular than taking a bus. 沙特 Aramco runs its own bus transport, which connects the residential and industrial camps of the company, as well as connecting them to 宰赫兰 and Khobar. Almost all residential compounds operate their own bus services which are typically used for shopping trips by the residents.
通信与媒体
移动通信主要有STC和Mobily提供。两家公司均提供3G services to their customers. STC also provides landlines through its Al-Hatif services, as well as providing internet services through 沙特 Data. There are several Internet Service Providers such as Al-Alamiah, ArabNet, Nesma and others. Both dial-up and DSL services are available.
There are several popular radio stations, such as Radio Sawa, Studio One 91.4 FM, broadcast from Aramco, Bahrain Radio 96.5 FM, and AFRTS.
卫星电视处于市场中的主要地位，with Orbit Network and Showtime 阿拉伯 being the most popular, as well as the widespread Arabsat and Nilesat satellite channel operators.
教育
宰赫兰学校有两种：公立和私立。公立学校(K-12)对所有人开放strictly adhere to teaching the curriculum exactly as provided by the Min是try of 教育. Public 学校s also come under two sections: Aramco Built and 政府 built. The Aramco built 学校s are usually better in design and last longer due to them being built on higher standards. 宰赫兰的第一所中学以及宰赫兰 Third Intermediate 学校s are examples of Aramco built宰赫兰的公立学校。私立学校也教授教育部规定课程，但是他们有更大的自主权，often enhancing certain aspects, such as teaching more than just the min是try的curriculum when teaching 英语。法赫德国王大学附属学校和 Al-Sa'ad 国立学校是宰赫兰私立学校的代表
也有许多学校 that teach the curriculum of their native countries, such as the Indian International 学校, 宰赫兰 英国文法 学校, 宰赫兰 Academy, 宰赫兰 中心， 宰赫兰高中, and Al-Khobar French 学校.
宰赫兰也是法赫德国王石油及矿业大学所在地，and the Aramco Training Center (ATC), where many new employees of 沙特 Aramco learn useful skills，比如英语、商业数学、物理学和计算机法赫德国王大学及Mohammad bin Fahd 王梓大学也在城市附近。There are also plans for building the Abdullah 国王科技大学。
参考
参见
外部链接
- 宰赫兰市
- Aramco expats 沙特 Aramco 官网expatriate life inside and outside the Kingdom of 沙特阿拉伯.
- Travel guide with photos by VirtualTourist.com
- 宰赫兰美国总领馆
- 历史 of 宰赫兰 (1950-51) by Ted A. Morris美国空军退役, Lt. Col.
- General information about 宰赫兰, useful for first time 访问者 官方宰赫兰 homepage.
- 沙特 ISP列表
- 26°18′14″N 50°07′59″E / 26.3040°N 50.1330°E