馬尼拉海溝

馬尼拉海溝（Manila Trench）是位在菲律賓西方南海的海溝，最深處約 5400 公尺^[1]。而南海的平均深度約 1500 公尺。

地質狀態

馬尼拉海溝周圍發生過許多地震，而板塊運動更使菲律賓呂宋島西側的火山弧中的火山上升，包含皮纳图博火山。

The Sunda Plate (part of Eurasia) subducts under the Luzon volcanic arc, producing this almost N-S trending trench. The trench is terminated in the north by the Taiwan collision zone, and in the south by the Mindoro terrane (Sulu-Palawan block colliding with SW Luzon). It is an area pervaded by negative gravity anomalies.(Hayes and Lewis, 1984)

Convergence between the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Manila Trench have been estimated using GPS measurements, and this value ranges from ~ 50+ mm/r in Taiwan, to 100 mm/yr near N. Luzon, and ~ 50 mm/yr near Zambales and ~20+mm/yr near Mindoro island (Rangin et al., 1999; Galgana et al., 2007). Plate locking between the Sundaland Plate and Luzon is about 1% coupled, almost unlocked as determined by elastic block models, suggesting that the trench absorbs the Philippine Mobile Belt--Eurasian Plate convergence (Kreemer et al., 2001; Galgana et al., 2007).

可能海嘯威脅

參考資料

Bowin, C., R.S. Lu, C.S. Lee and H. Schouten (1978) Plate convergence and accretion in Taiwan-Luzon region, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull 62: 1645-1672
Hayes, D.E. and S.D. Lewis (1984) A geophysical study of the Manila trench, Luzon, Philippines. 1. Crustal structure, gravity and regional tectonic evolution, J. Geophys. Res. 89(B11): 9171-9195
http://ees2.geo.rpi.edu/rob/pdf/2007_galgana_tectono.pdf Gerald Galgana, et al., 2007, Analysis of crustal deformation in Luzon, Philippines using geodetic observations and earthquake focal mechanisms, Tectonophysics 432 (2007) 63–87
Rangin, C., et al., 1999, Plate convergence measured by GPS across the Sundaland/Philippine Sea Plate deformed boundary: the Philippines and eastern Indonesia. Geophysical Journal International 139, 296–316
http://www.moeacgs.gov.tw/english/twgeol/twgeol_ptsetting_02.jsp Taiwan Geological Survey

^ Liu, Y.; Angela Santos; Shuo M. Wang; Yaolin Shi; Hailing Liu; David A. Yuen (2007). Tsunami hazards along Chinese coast from potential earthquakes in South China Sea (preprint), Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors, 163 (1-4), 233–244. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2007.02.012.

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[1] Liu, Y.; Angela Santos; Shuo M. Wang; Yaolin Shi; Hailing Liu; David A. Yuen (2007). Tsunami hazards along Chinese coast from potential earthquakes in South China Sea (preprint), Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors, 163 (1-4), 233–244. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2007.02.012.

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