望远镜史
外观
已知最早的望远镜出现在1608年,是汉斯·利普塞制造的。还有许多其他人,像是米德尔堡的眼镜制造商Zacharias Janssen,和阿克马的Jacob Metius,都自称是发明者。这些早期的折射望远镜在设计上是凸透镜的物镜和凹透镜的目镜组合。伽利略在第二年使用了这种设计,而开普勒在1611年描述了如何使用凸透镜的物镜和凸透镜的目镜制做望远镜,在1655年天文学家克里斯蒂安·惠更斯配合复合目镜制造出倍数高但笨重的开普勒望远镜。汉斯·利普塞是最早提出文件申请这种设备专利的人[1]。
艾萨克·牛顿在1668年结合斜置对角的小平面镜将光线反射至望远镜侧边的目镜[来源请求],制造出第一架"实用"的反射镜。洛朗·卡塞格林在1672年描述使用一个小凸透镜作为第二反射镜,将光线反射穿过主镜中心洞孔的设计。
消色差透镜在1733年出现在贾斯特·摩尔·霍尔制做的望远镜,大大的降低了物镜的色差,使望远镜可以制做得更短并且有更多的功能,但是它没有公布。 约翰·多隆德独立研究发展出消色差透镜,并且在1758年开始商业的量产[来源请求]。
注解
- ^ The history of the telescope Henry C. King, Harold Spencer Jones Publisher Courier Dover Publications ISBN 0486432653, 9780486432656
相关条目
- 望远镜400年文献
- 大光学望远镜史列表
- 天文学史
- 天文干涉仪史
- 望远镜技术年表
- 望远镜、观测、和观测技术年表
- 国际天文年,2009年,伽利略使用他的望远镜首度进行天文观测400年
- 光学望远镜列表
- 大反射望远镜列表
- 大光学折射望远镜列表
- 太空望远镜列表
- 望远镜类型列表
参考资料
- 公有领域出版物的文本: Chisholm, Hugh (编). Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911. 本条目包含来自
- Crawford, David Livingstone (编), The Construction of Large Telescopes International Astronomical Union. Symposium no. 27, London, New York: Academic Press: 234, 1966
- Elliott, Robert S., Electromagnetics, McGraw-Hill, 1966
- Fizeau, H. 1868 C. R. Hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci. Paris 66, 932
- King, Henry C. (编), The History of the Telescope, London: Charles Griffin & Co. Ltd, 1955
- Lindberg, D. C. (1976), Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Michelson, A. A. 1891 Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 3, 274
- Michelson, A. A. & Pease, F. G. 1921 Astrophys. J. 53, 249
- Rashed, Roshdi; Morelon, Régis, Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science 1 & 3, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0415124107
- Ryle, M. & Vonberg, D., 1946 Solar radiation on 175Mc/s, Nature 158 pp 339
- Wade, Nicholas J.; Finger, Stanley, The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective, Perception, 2001, 30 (10): 1157–1177, PMID 11721819, doi:10.1068/p3210
- Watson, Fred (编), Star Gazer: The Life and History of the Telescope, Sydney, Cambridge: Allen & Unwin, Da Capo Press, 2004
外部链接
- History of optics articles
- History of telescope articles
- The Galileo Project - The Telescope by Al Van Helden
- 400th Anniversary of the Invention of the Telescope
- Articles on the history of the telescope and related subjects
- The Prehistory of the Invention of the Telescope
- A Brief History of the Telescope and Ideas for Use in the High School Physics Classroom
- A History Of The Telescope
- Physics 1040 - Beginning Astronomy - The Telescope
- An early history of the telescope - From 3500 B.C. until about 1900 A.D.
- Reflecting telescopes Historical Introduction - The Early Period (1608–1672)
- Other media
- Other possible telescope inventors
- Leonard Digges (1520–1559) Did the reflecting telescope have English origins? Leonard and Thomas Digges by Colin A Ronan, M.Sc., F.R.A.S. - originally published in the Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 101, 6, 1991
- Juan Roget (died before 1624) - Historian Nick Pelling says Juan Roget, a Burgundian spectacle maker who died between 1617 and 1624 could have invented an early telescope. Controversy over telescope origin - BBC News 16 September 2008