涅瓦河
 | 模板参数错误！（代码36）
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| 涅瓦河 | |
|---|---|
| File:Liteyny Bridge.jpg 聖彼得堡中跨過涅瓦河之Liteyny Bridge的夜景 | |
| 流域 | |
| 源頭 | |
| • 位置 | 拉多加湖 |
| • 海拔 | 4公尺(13英呎) |
| 河口 | 芬蘭灣 |
| 流域面積 | 282,000平方公里(108,880平方英哩) |
| 流經国家 | 俄羅斯、芬蘭、白俄羅斯 |
| 本貌 | |
| 長度 | 74公里(46英哩) |
| 流量 | 2,600平方公尺/秒(91,832平方英呎/秒) |
涅瓦河(俄语：Нева́)是俄羅斯西北部的一條河流，由拉多加湖流經聖彼德堡到芬蘭灣。以河水流量來計算，涅瓦河是歐洲的第三大河流(伏爾加河和多瑙河後)。
地理
涅瓦河長74公里，28公里位於聖彼德堡的範圍內，其餘在列寧格勒州境內。她由拉多加湖向西南流至
和顯示其在歐洲的位置之插圖
涅瓦河長74公里，28公里在聖彼德堡境內，其餘的則在列寧格勒州境內。其由拉多加湖向西南流至其最南端－和其與Tosna River之交匯處相近，然後再轉向西北流至芬蘭灣。平均寬度400至600公尺，最大寬度1200公尺，最大深度24公尺。涅瓦河流域包括拉多加湖和奧湼加湖，分佈於俄羅斯西北部和芬蘭南部等廣大的面積上。
涅瓦河三角洲
The islands in the Neva delta formed by both natural armlets and artificial canals are occupied by the historical part of Saint Petersburg. 最大的海灣有：
最重要的水道和小河流有︰
著名的島嶼有︰
- Dekabristov Island
- Kamenny Island
- Krestovsky Island
- Petrogradsky Island
- Vasilievsky Island
- Yelagin Island
支流
涅瓦河有26條支流，主要的有︰
- Mga River (左支)
- Tosna River (左支)
- Izhora River (左支)
- Okhta River (右支)
城市
- Shlisselburg (在其源頭)
- Kirovsk
- Otradnoye (在和Tosna River的交匯處)
- Saint Petersburg (在三角洲)
歷史
In the Middle Ages the wide and navigable river had great importance as a link between the Baltics and the Volga portages leading to the Orient. It was a site of the famous Battle of the Neva (1240). Alexander Nevsky, Prince of Novgorod, won this battle, saving Russia from invasion, and took his title Nevsky (meaning 'Of the Neva') from this event.
During the 16th century the mouth of the Neva was the site of the Swedish fortress Nyen, and the inlet to the Ladoga of the Russian fortress Oreshek, later renamed Shlisselburg. The former was replaced with the Peter and Paul Fortress (Петропавловская Крепость — Petropavlovskaya Krepost') in 1703. Standing on the Hare Island (Заячий Остров — Zayachii Ostrov), the fortress is considered the first structure of present-day St Petersburg.
航運
The Neva is the most northwestern part of the Volga-Baltic Waterway, the connection between the Volga River and the Baltic Sea. This waterway is navigable for even the largest inland vessels, and it is an important part of the inland shipping connection between St. Petersburg and Moscow. Many passenger vessels share this waterway with large transport ships. [1]
During Mid-Winter, the river becomes unnavigable due to freezing over.
瑣事
- Alexander Nevsky took his name after the Neva river following the victory over Swedes in Battle of the Neva in 1240
- Neva was the name of a 200-foot-long (61-meter), three-masted sloop-of-war, the first Russian ship to circumnavigate the globe in 1804 under the command of Lieutenant Commander Urey Fedorovich Lisianski.
- Grigori Rasputin drowned in the Neva in 1916.
- The Russian poet Anna Akhmatova included the Neva in many of her poems.