耶爾森菌屬
关于与「耶爾森菌屬」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「耶爾森菌屬 (消歧義)」。| Yersinia | ||||||||||||
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Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia species are Gram-negative, rod-shapedbacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes.[1] Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans; in particular, Y. pestisis the causative agent of the plague. Rodents are the natural reservoirs of Yersinia; less frequently, othermammals serve as the host. Infection may occur either through blood (in the case of Y. pestis) or in an alimentary fashion, occasionally via consumption of food products (especially vegetables, milk-derived products, and meat) contaminated with infected urine or feces.[2]
Speculations exist as to whether or not certain Yersinia can also be spread by protozoonotic mechanisms, since Yersiniaspecies are known to be facultative intracellular parasites; studies and discussions of the possibility of amoeba-vectored (through the cyst form of the protozoan) Yersinia propagation and proliferation are now in progress.[3]
Microbial physiology
An interesting feature peculiar to some of the Yersinia bacteria is the ability to not only survive, but also to actively proliferate at temperatures as low as 1-4°C (e.g., on cut salads and other food products in a refrigerator). Yersinia bacteria are relatively quickly inactivated by oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate solutions.
Genetics
Database
The creation of YersiniaBase, a data and tools collection for the reporting and comparison of Yersinia species genome sequence data, was reported in January 2015.[4] The provisional representation of species addressed by the resource has been indicated in the TaxBox on this page by a superscript 'yb' beside the species name.[4] Development of YersiniaBase was funded by the University of Malayaand the Ministry of Education, Malaysia.[4]
Pathogenesis
Y. pestis is the causative agent of plague. The disease caused by Y. enterocolitica is called yersiniosis.
Yersinia may be associated with Crohn's disease, an inflammatory autoimmune condition of the gut. Iranian sufferers of Crohn's disease were more likely to have had earlier exposure to refrigerators at home,[5] consistent with its unusual ability to thrive at low temperatures.
Yersinia is implicated as one of the causes of reactive arthritis worldwide.[6]
Also, the genus is associated with pseudoappendicitis, which is an incorrect diagnosis of appendicitis due to a similar presentation.[7]
History
关于other genera named after people，请见「List of bacterial genera named after personal names」。Y. pestis, the first known species, was identified by A.E.J. Yersin, a Swissbacteriologist, and Kitasato Shibasaburō, a Japanese bacteriologist.[8] It was formerly described as Pasteurella pestis (known trivially as the plague-bacillus) by Lehmann and Neumann in 1896.[8][9] In 1944, van Loghem reclassified the species P. pestis and P. rondentium into a new genus,Yersinia.[8][9] Following the introduction of the bacteriological code, it was accepted as valid in 1980.[9]
治療方法
治療耶爾辛氏菌引起的疾病（鼠疫）的常用抗生素有鏈黴素，氯黴素和四環素。另外，新型抗生素慶大霉素和多西環素也被證明能用於對鼠疫的單一治療中[10]。
References
- ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors). Sherris Medical Microbiology 4th. McGraw Hill. 2004: 368–70. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ 微生物學-腸道細菌科(四).
- ^ doi:10.1139/W08-039
{{cite doi}}已停用，请参见{{cite journal}}。 - ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2
Tan, Shi Yang; Dutta, Avirup; Jakubovics, Nick S.; et al. YersiniaBase: a genomic resource and analysis platform for comparative analysis of Yersinia. BMC Bioinformatics. 16 January 2015. doi:10.1186/s12859-014-0422-y.
- ^ PMID 19177167（PMID 19177167）
本引用來源將由机器人自動扩充。您可以检查英文对应模板或手動擴充 - ^ doi:10.1002/art.1780350613
{{cite doi}}已停用，请参见{{cite journal}}。 - ^ EMedicine. [2010-07-22].
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 doi:10.1007/BF02272779
{{cite doi}}已停用，请参见{{cite journal}}。 - ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Template:Lpsn
- ^ Mwengee W; Butler, Thomas; Mgema, Samuel; Mhina, George; Almasi, Yusuf; Bradley, Charles; Formanik, James B.; Rochester, C. George. Treatment of Plague with Genamicin or Doxycycline in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Tanzania. Clin Infect Dis. 2006, 42 (5): 614–621. PMID 16447105. doi:10.1086/500137.
External links
- Yersinia Enterocolitis Mimicking Crohn's Disease in a Toddler
- Sweden: Pork warnings over new stomach illness
- Yersinia genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID
- YersiniaBase