巴尔米拉之战 (2016年12月)
巴尔米拉之战(2016年12月) | |||||||
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叙利亚内战的一部分 | |||||||
自2016年12月8日以来被伊斯兰国攻占的区域 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
叙利亚政府 联合特遣队-坚决行动 | 伊斯兰国 | ||||||
参战单位 | |||||||
叙利亚武装部队 俄罗斯空军[3] | |||||||
兵力 | |||||||
1,000人[2] | 4,000-5,000人[2] | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
100人死,200人伤,30人失踪(叙军宣称)[4] |
149人死(The Inside Source宣称)[5] 至少405人死(亲叙利亚政府方面宣称)[4][6][7] |
2016年12月的巴尔米拉之战是伊斯兰国向叙利亚古城巴尔米拉发起的进攻行动。[1][6]伊斯兰国曾于2015年攻占巴尔米拉,但于2016年3月被叙利亚政府军夺回。
背景
自从巴尔米拉于2016年3月被收复后,叙利亚政府把收复阿勒颇和收复大马士革郊区列为主要任务, [8]留守巴尔米拉的叙军兵力有限。另一方面,美国支持的叙利亚民主力量于2016年11月开始的进攻拉卡行动流于“宣传多于行动”,对伊斯兰国的威胁不大,让伊斯兰国得以集中兵力进攻巴尔米拉一带的叙军。[9][10]
巴尔米拉失守
2016年12月8日,伊斯兰国在霍姆斯省东北部发动进攻,被叙军击退,据报有60名武装分子阵亡。[6]同日稍后伊斯兰国再度进攻,攻占7个叙军检查站,至少34名亲政府战士阵亡,4人被俘。伊斯兰国武装分子推进至距离巴尔米拉不到4公里处。[11][12][13][14][15]在巴尔米拉东北方的谷仓也被伊斯兰国攻占。[16]在伊斯兰国部队于巴尔米拉附近集结的时候,联合特遣队-坚决行动趁机出击,大举空袭伊斯兰国的运输队,共摧毁168辆油罐车。[17]
叙军于12月9日反攻,有15名士兵于一处油田附近发生的伏击中丧生,当日有报道宣称至少49名政府军士兵在过去24小时的战斗中阵亡。[18]当日伊斯兰国攻占T-4空军基地东北方的一些地方。[4][19]
12月10日,叙军援兵抵达巴尔米拉。[20]叙军在巴尔米拉谷仓附近消灭至少45名武装分子及击毁3辆敌方坦克,但是仍未能阻止武装分子进抵巴尔米拉的入口。俄叙空军对巴尔米拉附近油田的伊斯兰国据点展开空袭,摧毁了数辆装甲车辆及一些其它车辆。[4][21]叙军一架MiG-23战机坠毁,伊斯兰国宣称是被其击落。[22]伊斯兰国稍后攻占城西的泰尔山,并且攻入巴尔米拉。[23]在该日之内,伊斯兰国已占领巴尔米拉的大部分,包括巴尔米拉城堡。[24]
地面上的叙军在俄罗斯空军支援下[25]击退伊斯兰国于12月10日夜间的进攻,到12月11日日出时伊斯兰国武装分子已被赶出巴尔米拉城外。[7]俄罗斯国防部宣称支援叙军作战的俄空军消灭超过300名武装分子,击毁11辆敌方坦克和步兵战车(IFV)以及31辆配备重机枪的其它车辆。[26]不过伊斯兰国在当日稍后再次进攻巴尔米拉,[27]最终叙军被迫撤出巴尔米拉,伊斯兰国再一次完全占领该市。[1]叙军在撤出巴尔米拉前协助当地居民撤离,并继续在巴尔米拉附近与伊斯兰国交战。[28]
T-4空军基地攻防战
伊斯兰国部队夺得巴尔米拉后,向西面的T-4空军基地推进。[29][30]12月12日,伊斯兰国向T-4基地发起第一次进攻,首先以两辆装载炸弹的车辆冲向叙军阵地,被叙军在它们驶抵目标前成功引爆。经过数小时激战,获得俄空军支援的叙军成功击退伊斯兰国的进攻,数十名武装分子阵亡。[3]与此同时,数百名国防军援兵抵达前线。[3][31]
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 agencies, The New Arab &. Islamic State recaptures Palmyra after Syria army withdrawal.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Tomson, Chris. ISIS fully retakes Palmyra in stunning blitz offensive – Map update. al-Masdar News. 11 December 2016 [11 December 2016].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Yakovlev, Ivan. Syrian Army repels first ISIS assault on T-4 Airbase, prepares for a second wave. al-Masdar News. 2016-12-12 [2016-12-12].
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Yakovlev, Ivan. Battle of eastern Homs continues as ISIS keeps attacking: map update. 2016-12-10 [2016-12-10].
- ^ The Inside Source on Twitter.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Fadel, Leith. ISIS suffers heavy casualties in failed offensive north of Palmyra. al-Masdar News. 8 December 2016 [10 December 2016].
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Russian and Syrian forces drive ISIL out of Palmyra.
- ^ Islamic State fighters 're-enter ancient Palmyra' in Syria. BBC. 10 December 2016 [10 December 2016].
- ^ 美国务院不排除“伊斯兰国”武装分子或从摩苏尔抵达巴尔米拉地区. 俄罗斯卫星网. 2016-12-13.
- ^ 美国否认在“伊斯兰国”反攻巴尔米拉之时停止支持进攻拉卡. 俄罗斯卫星网. 2016-12-13.
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- ^ Fadel, Leith. Second attack proves successful for ISIS as they seize Huwaysis in northeast Homs. 8 December 2016 [10 December 2016].
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- ^ Airstrikes target the eastern countryside of Homs and the “Islamic state” targets T4 airbase again
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