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史密森尼学会博物馆列表

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An aged bronze statue of a man wearing a robe. His left hand rests on a book which sits on a pedestal and the statue is in front of a red brick building reminiscent of a Romanesque Cathedral
史密森尼学会大楼前的学会首任会长约瑟·亨利

史密森尼学会博物馆列表,本条目记录美国史密森尼学会所运营和管理的各處博物馆、艺术馆及动物园,共计20座[1],其中包括两处分馆。上述設施裡有17处位于首都华盛顿特区,其中的11处集中在華府国家广场周边。其余3处分别在纽约市弗吉尼亚州。2016年,博物馆當中最新的国立非裔美国人历史文化博物馆对外开放[2]

史密森尼学会博物馆的设立得益于英国科学家詹姆斯·史密森在1826年对美国作出的遗赠。史密森于1829年去世。1836年,美国总统安德鲁·杰克逊将上述遗赠告知了美国国会,并為后者所接受。1838年,史密森总计超过50万美元的遗产捐贈给美国铸币局,最终並成為美国财政部的资产。8年后的1846年,史密森尼学会成立[3]

史密森尼学会大楼(昵称“古堡”)落成于1855年,起初用于图书馆、化学实验室、博物馆及办公机构[4]。早期的学会更关注科学研究而较少发展博物馆事业。在第二任会长斯班瑟·拜尔德任内,学会从费城的百年博览会中得到了60车的展览品后,才将重点转为博物馆展示。学会将展览的门票收入用于建设国家博物馆,现更名为艺术及工业大楼。该设施于1881年開放,也是学会第一个专门用于陈列展示收藏品的建筑物[5]

在1964年西德尼·迪隆·里普雷就任会长后,学会再次加快了发展速度。在他任内,学会旗下共增加8个博物馆,每年参观人数从1080万人次增加到3000万人次[6]。学会发展的黄金时期一直持续到里普雷退休的1984年[6] 随着艺术及工业大楼的落成,学会名下的博物馆共扩充至20家,收藏品逾1.37亿件,涵盖艺术品、自然标本及文化工艺品等[1] 现在学会旗下的博物馆的每年总参观人数约在2500万人次以上[1]

博物馆列表

史密森尼学会名下的博物馆中,有11个集中在华盛顿特区的国家广场周边,近邻林肯纪念堂国会大厦[1] 。另有6个博物馆和国家动物园也位于华盛顿市内。还有三处场馆分别位于纽约市和弗吉尼亚州的尚特莉。

史密森尼学会也与美国其他41个州、巴拿马、波多黎各等的171家博物馆保持着紧密的合作交流[1]。上述博物馆称为史密森尼会员单位。学会与这些機構间建立了长期的展示品租借合作关系。除此之外,学会还不定期到美国各地的博物馆进行50次以上的巡回展览[1]

博物馆、艺术馆及公园[1] 类别 地址[7] 开放年份 图片
安那考斯迪亚博物馆 非裔美国人文化[8] 华盛顿特区
安那考斯迪亚
1967[8] A black and white picture of a one story brick building. The entrance door is in the center of the building and three rows of white diamond shaped tiles decorate either side.
亚瑟·赛克勒美术馆

(国家博物馆的亚洲艺术部分)

亚洲艺术[9] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
1987[9] A one story symmetrical granite building with two green peaked roofs either side of center. The entrance door is on the left and a similar design is on the right made out of a slightly darker granite.
艺术及工业大楼 闭馆装修
2016年5月-6月曾短期开放。[10]
华盛顿特区
国家广场
1881[10] A long brick building is partial obscured by three trees. There is a central entranceway flanked by two towers, and a rotunda behind the entrance.
库伯·赫维特国家设计博物馆 设计[11] 纽约市
博物馆街
1897[11] A three story brick and stone building sits on a corner in New York City and is surrounded by a stone and wrought iron fence.
弗瑞尔美术馆

(国家博物馆的亚洲艺术部分)

亚洲艺术[9] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
1923[9] The entrance to a one story stone Beaux Arts style building. It consists of three large arches with stairs going up to and through them. The entrance door sits behind the middle arch.
赫尚博物馆及雕塑园 现当代艺术[12] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
1974[12] A large, convexly curving, 3 story tall, gray wall punctured on the second floor by a long strip of windows and a short balcony. A large black and white sculpture of a paint stroke sits in front of the building, stretching from the ground to the balcony
美国国家航空航天博物馆 航空航天[13] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
1946
1976†[13]
An angled view of a 3 story glass building, bisected by a wide, blank stone wall. There is a slender steel sculpture on the left.
美国国家航空航天博物馆

史蒂文·乌德沃尔哈齐中心

航空航天[14] 弗吉尼亚州
尚特莉
2003[14] A large white building that resembles an airplane hangar. There is a large parking lot in the front with an enclosed glass bridge connecting it to the building.
国立非裔美国人历史文化博物馆 非裔美国人历史非裔美国人文化[15] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
2003
2016†[2]
美国国立非洲艺术博物馆 非洲艺术[16] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
1964,
1987†[16]
A one story symmetrical granite building with two green domed roofs either side of center. The entrance door is on the right and a similar design is on the left made out of a slightly darker granite.
美国国家历史博物馆 美国历史[17] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
1964[17] An oblique view of a white stone modernist building. The facade steps forward and then back 9 times, spread out equally across its front.
国立美国印第安人博物馆 美洲原住民历史及艺术[18] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
2004[19] A large curving beige stone building with bands of windows delineating each floor. The curving roof line extends out beyond the building and steps back twice to reach the rest of the structure.
国立美国印第安人博物馆

乔治古斯塔夫海耶中心

美洲原住民历史及艺术[18] 纽约市
滚球绿地
1994[20] An oblique view of a gray stone neoclassical building. There are 12 columns across the front of the building spaced equally except for the corners and on either side of the central door where they are doubled up.
美国国立自然历史博物馆 自然史[21] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
1858,
1911†[21]
An aerial view of a white stone neoclassical building. There is a large brown dome towards the front and center of the building where the entrance is.
美国国立肖像美术馆 肖像画[22] 华盛顿特区
潘恩区
1968[23] A 3 story building. The first story is granite, while the second two are sandstone. There is a pedimented front with columns spanning the second and third floors and the entrance on the first.
国立邮政博物馆 美国邮政服务; 邮政史; 集邮[24] 华盛顿特区
马萨诸塞大街北段
1993[24] The corner of a white stone, classically designed, 4 story building. The door is on the closer side of the corner, is on the second story with a grand staircase up to it, and is flanked by two ionic columns.
伦威克美术馆 美国工艺装饰艺术[25] 华盛顿特区
拉法耶特广场
1972[25] A 3 story, brick and red stone, second empire style building with a slate roof. The building is symmetrical with the entrance center and a blue and yellow banner on either side.
史密森尼美国艺术博物馆 美国视觉艺术[25] 华盛顿特区
潘恩区
1968[25] A 3 story building. The first story is granite, while the second two are sandstone. There is a pedimented front with columns spanning the second and third floors and the entrance on the first.
史密森尼学会大楼 访客中心及学会办公机构[26] 华盛顿特区
国家广场
1855[26] A brick building, reminiscent of a castle, slightly obscured by bare trees. There is a large central tower with the entrance at its base as well as smaller tower at each corner of the building, each with a varying design.
美国国家动物园 动物园[27] 华盛顿特区
岩溪公园
1889[27] A 3 small square garden backed by a black iron fence with a cement statue of the word "ZOO" at its center.Two green banners with monkeys on them hang behind.

†场馆于当年迁至现址。


2002年4月26日由美國地質調查局(USGS)提供的卫星图像。右端国会区域出于安全考虑进行了低像素模糊处理。

上图为华盛顿国家广场周边建筑之一览,其中粗体字的建筑为史密森尼学会名下的博物馆和美术馆。

1. 華盛頓紀念碑
2. 美国国家历史博物馆
3. 美国国家自然历史博物馆
4. 华盛顿国家艺术馆雕刻园
5. 美国国家美术馆西馆
6. 美国国家美术馆东馆
7. 美国国会大厦
8. 格兰特将军纪念碑
9. 美国植物园

10. 美国国立美洲印第安人博物馆
11. 美国国家航空航天博物馆
12. 赫尚博物馆及雕塑园
13. 艺术与工业大楼
14. 史密森尼学会总部大楼
15. 弗瑞尔美术馆
16. 赛克勒美术馆
17. 美国国立非洲艺术博物馆

脚注

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Facts about the Smithsonian Institution. newsdesk.si.edu (Pressroom of the Smithsonian Institution). Retrieved February 19, 2011
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Building The Museum, Overview. National Museum of African American History and Culture. Retrieved January 10, 2010
  3. ^ History. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved November 19, 2011
  4. ^ The Smithsonian Building: A Building Worthy of Smithson's Gift. From Smithson to Smithsonian: The Birth of an Institution. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved March 11, 2010
  5. ^ Baird and the Centennial Exposition. Spencer F. Baird's Vision for a National Museum. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved March 16, 2010
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Molotsky, Irvin, S. Dillon Ripley Dies at 87; Led the Smithsonian Institution During Its Greatest Growth. The New York Times. March 13, 2001, Retrieved March 16, 2010
  7. ^ Maps and Directions. The Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 21, 2011
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Mission and History Anacostia Community Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2009
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 History of the Galleries. Freer and Sackler Galleries. Retrieved December 6, 2009
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Arts and Industries Building. The Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 About The Museum. Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2009
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 History of the Hirshhorn. Hirshorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Retrieved December 6, 2009
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 National Air and Space Museum Chronology. National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2009
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved February 25, 2010
  15. ^ About Us. National Museum of African American History and Culture. Retrieved February 25, 2010
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Brenson, Michael. Beneath Smithsonian, Debut for 2 Museums. The New York Times. September 8, 1987 [December 29, 2009]. 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Mission and History. National Museum of American History. Retrieved December 6, 2009
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 About the National Museum of the American Indian. National Museum of the American Indian. Retrieved February 25, 2010
  19. ^ 20,000 American Indians March at National Museum Opening. National Geographic News. September 21, 2004. Retrieved December 29, 2009
  20. ^ Visitor Information New York, NY. National Museum of the American Indian. Retrieved December 29, 2009
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 A Brief History. National Museum of Natural History Museum History. Retrieved February 21, 2011
  22. ^ Visiting the Museum, A Brief Overview: History with Personality. National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved February 25, 2010
  23. ^ Visiting the Museum, Building Chronology. National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved December 29, 2009
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 History of the Smithsonian National Postal Museum. National Postal Museum. Retrieved December 29, 2009
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 About the American Art Museum and the Renwick Gallery, History of the Museum Collection. Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved December 29, 2009
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 Smithsonian Institution Building (The Castle). Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 21, 2011
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 History of the National Zoo. National Zoological Park. Retrieved December 29, 2009

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