蠓科
| 蠓科 Ceratopogonidae | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Culicoides sonorensis，一隻雌性的蠓
| ||||||||||||||||
| 科學分類 | ||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||
| 亞科 | ||||||||||||||||
蠓科（學名：Ceratopogonidae），又名糠蚊或沙蚊（主要在澳大利亞的北領地使用[1]），是蚊下目之下的一個科。本科物種體形細小，身長一般在1–4 mm之間。與同屬搖蚊總科（Chironomoidea）的山蚋科（Thaumaleidae）、蚋科（Simulidae）及搖蚊科（Chironomidae）等物種關係密切。
他們在世界各地幾乎任何水棲或半水棲及在山區找到牠們的棲息地。幾乎所有物種的雌蟲均會以某種動物為宿主來吸血。 庫蠓屬（Culicoides）、蠛蠓屬（Forcipomyia及細蠓（Leptoconops）主要吸有脊椎動物的血。有些Atrichopogon及蠛蠓屬物種是其他較大型的昆蟲的外寄生蟲（ectoparasite）。 毛蠓屬（Dasyhelea）幾乎只吃花蜜。其他屬的物種則捕食較小型的昆蟲。 蠓科物種的若蟲總可在一些潮濕的地方發現的，例如：在樹皮底下、在腐爛的木頭裡、堆肥裡、泥裡、小溪旁、樹洞內或保水植物內（例如：phytotelmata）。
分類
蠓科物種大致可以分類為四個亞科[2]：
常見物種
- Culicoides impunctatus—known as the Scottish midge, or Highland midge
- Culicoides imicola
參考文獻
- Blanton, F.S. and W.W. Wirth. 1979. The sand flies (Culicoides) of Florida (Ceratopogonidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas Volume 10. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.
- Borkent, A. and W.W. Wirth. 1997. World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 233: 1–257.
- Clastrier, J. and W.W. Wirth. 1978. The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin Number 1573.
- Downes, J.A. and W.W. Wirth. 1981. Chapter 28: Ceratopogonidae. Pp. 393–421. In: McAlpine, J.F., B.V. Peterson, G.E. Shewell, H.J. Teskey, J.R. Vockeroth, and D.M. Wood. Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1. Agriculture Canada Monograph 27.
- Hendry, George. Midges in Scotland 4th Edition, Mercat Press, Edinburgh, 2003 ISBN 1-84183-062-3
- Mullen, G.R. and L.J. Hribar. 1988. Biology and feeding behavior of ceratopogonid larvae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in North America. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology 13: 60–81.
- Wirth, W.W. and F.S. Blanton. 1974. The West Indian sandflies of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin Number 1474.
- Wirth, W.W. and W.L. Grogan, Jr. 1988. The Predaceous Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe Ceratopogonini). Flora and Fauna Handbook Number 4. E.J. Brill Publishers, Leiden. xv + 160 pp.
- Wirth, W.W., N.C. Ratanaworabhan, and D.H. Messersmith. 1977. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XXII. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 1. Introduction and key to genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 90(3): 615–647.
- ^ Biting Midges or “Sandflies” in the NT (PDF). The Northern Territory Disease Conrtol Bulletin. 2003-09, 10 (3). （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04） （英语）.|publisher=Northern Territory Government Department of Health and Community Services |first=Peter |last=Whelan |pages=12 }}
- ^ 虞以新 (编). 中国蠓科昆虫名录及其检索表. 军医医学科学出版社. 005-09 [2016-05-08] （中文（简体））.
外部連結
- British insects: the families of Diptera – Delta guides, Biodiversity and Biological Collections
- Ceratopogonidae – AAFC, Government of Canada
- The Ceratopogonidae – Inbio Site, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- Ceratopogonid Web Page – Belmont University
- Biting midges on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- Flying Teeth Spain Buddy Website
