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南方有蹄目

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这是本页的一个历史版本,由Laikayiu留言 | 贡献2008年3月30日 (日) 04:13编辑。这可能和当前版本存在着巨大的差异。

南方有蹄目
化石時期: 古新世更新世
箭齒獸
科學分類
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 哺乳動物綱 Mammalia
下綱: 真獸下綱 Eutheria
超目: 南蹄目 Meridiungulata
目: 南方有蹄目 Notoungulata
Roth, 1903
亞目

Notioprogonia

Toxodonta

Typotheria

Hegetotheria

南方有蹄目(notoungulates)是居於南美洲滅絕有蹄類。其下包括了巨型的箭齒獸。由於南方有蹄目被隔離在南美洲,牠們很多都沿趨同演化而形成像其他大洲的哺乳動物。其中的例子有Pachyrukhos演化成像haresHomalodotherium則演化成像chalicothere。 During the Pleistocene, Toxodon was the largest common notoungulate. Most of the group (Toxodon being an exception) became extinct after the landbridge between North and South America was formed, allowing North American ungulates to enter South America in the Great American Interchange and out-compete the native fauna. This order is united with other South-American ungulates in the super-order Meridiungulata.

Taxonomy

Following McKenna and Bell (1997)


Cifelli (1993) has argued that Notioprogonia is paraphyletic, as it would include the ancestors of the remaining suborders. Similarly, Cifelli indicated that Typotheria would be paraphyletic if it excluded Hegetotheria and he advocated inclusion of Archaeohyracidae and Hegetotheriidae in Typotheria.

References

  • Cifelli, Richard L. 1993. The phylogeny of the native South American ungulates. pp. 195-216 in F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek and M. C. McKenna (eds.) Mammal Phylogeny, Volume 2, Placentals. Springer-Verlag, New York. ISBN 0-387-97853-4
  • McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8