土耳其—亞美尼亞戰爭

土耳其–亞美尼亞戰爭
	土耳其獨立戰爭的一部分
	; 土耳其–亞美尼亞戰爭地圖(1920年)，土耳其進軍並控制亞美尼亞的領土
日期	1920年9月24日~12月2日
地点	外高加索
结果	土耳其勝利亞歷山德羅波爾條約（英语：Treaty of Alexandropol）; 莫斯科條約（英语：Treaty of Moscow (1921)）; 卡爾斯條約;
领土变更	亞美尼亞被迫放棄其戰前控制的50%以上的領土，並放棄對如果《色佛爾條約》獲得批准本應獲得的領土的所有要求。
参战方
大國民議會政府	亞美尼亞民主共和國
指挥官与领导者
卡茲姆·卡拉貝克爾（英语：Kâzım Karabekir）; 哈利特·卡爾西蘭（英语：Halit Karsıalan）; 魯什圖帕夏（英语：Rüştü Pasha）; 奧斯曼·努里·科帕塔格爾（英语：Osman Nuri Koptagel）; 凱維特·埃爾德爾（英语：Cavit Erdel）; 卡茲姆·奧爾拜（英语：Kâzım Orbay）	德拉斯塔馬特·卡納延（英语：Drastamat Kanayan）; 哈莫·奧漢賈揚（英语：Hamo Ohanjanyan） ; 魯賓·特·米納西亞斯（英语：Ruben Ter-Minasian）; 克里斯托弗·阿拉拉托夫（英语：Christophor Araratov）
兵力
50,000; ~60,000人	20,000人
伤亡与损失
	不明
	60,000~98,000 或者198,000~250,000人被殺害(亞美尼亞市民)

土耳其–亞美尼亞戰爭（亞美尼亞語：Թուրք-հայկական պատերազմ），土耳其稱為東線戰爭（土耳其語：Doğu Cephesi），是1920年末，土耳其國民運動與亞美尼亞民主共和國因色佛爾條約破局，而發生的軍事衝突。在艾哈邁德·泰夫菲克帕夏臨時政府未能贏得批准該條約的支持後，卡茲姆·卡拉貝基爾( Kâzım Karabekir)指揮下的奧斯曼陸軍第十五軍的殘餘部隊襲擊了控制卡爾斯周邊地區的亞美尼亞軍隊，最終奪回了以前作為布列斯特-立托夫斯克條約的一部分被蘇俄割讓給奧斯曼帝國的所有領土。

土耳其軍事勝利之後，蘇聯佔領了亞美尼亞並將其蘇維埃化。在莫斯科條約蘇聯和之間（三月1921）土耳其大國民議會和相關卡爾斯條約（1921年10月）證實了Karabekir提出並建立了現代的領土收益土耳其-亞美尼亞邊境。

章节标题

參考資料

^ Andrew Andersen. www.conflicts.rem33.com. [December 19, 2019].
^ Andrew Andersen, Turkish-Armenian war: Sep.24 – Dec.2, 1920
^ Robert H. Hewsen. Armenia: A Historical Atlas, p. 237. ISBN 0-226-33228-4
^ (In Russian) Turso Armenian Conflict
^ Kadishev, A.B., Интервенция и гражданская война в Закавказье [Intervention and civil war in the South Caucasus], Moscow: 324, 1960
^ Andersen, Andrew. TURKEY AFTER WORLD WAR I: LOSSES AND GAINS. Centre for Military and Strategic Studies.
^ Guaita, Giovanni, 1700 Years of Faithfulness: History of Armenia and its Churches, Moscow: FAM, 2001, ISBN 5-89831-013-4
^ Asenbauer, Haig E. On the right of self-determination of the Armenian people of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenian Prelacy. December 19, 1996 [December 19, 2019] –通过Google Books.
^ （法語） Ter Minassian, Anahide (1989). La république d'Arménie. 1918–1920 La mémoire du siècle. Brussels: éditions complexe, p. 220. ISBN 2-87027-280-4.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 These are according to the figures provided by Alexander Miasnikyan, the President of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Armenia, in a telegram he sent to the Soviet Foreign Minister Georgy Chicherin in 1921. Miasnikyan's figures were broken down as follows: of the approximately 60,000 Armenians who were killed by the Turkish armies, 30,000 were men, 15,000 women, 5,000 children, and 10,000 young girls. Of the 38,000 who were wounded, 20,000 were men, 10,000 women, 5,000 young girls, and 3,000 children. Instances of mass rape, murder and violence were also reported against the Armenian populace of Kars and Alexandropol: see Vahakn N. Dadrian. (2003). The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 360–361. ISBN 1-57181-666-6.
^ Armenia: The Survival of a Nation, Christopher Walker, 1980.
^ Akçam, Taner. A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. 2007: 327. - Profile at Google Books

外部連結

[Atlas-1] Andrew Andersen. www.conflicts.rem33.com. [December 19, 2019].

[AndersenT-2] Andrew Andersen, Turkish-Armenian war: Sep.24 – Dec.2, 1920

[Hewsen-P237-3] Robert H. Hewsen. Armenia: A Historical Atlas, p. 237. ISBN 0-226-33228-4

[Ru-TuArm-4] (In Russian) Turso Armenian Conflict

[5] Kadishev, A.B., Интервенция и гражданская война в Закавказье [Intervention and civil war in the South Caucasus], Moscow: 324, 1960

[Andersen-6] Andersen, Andrew. TURKEY AFTER WORLD WAR I: LOSSES AND GAINS. Centre for Military and Strategic Studies.

[7] Guaita, Giovanni, 1700 Years of Faithfulness: History of Armenia and its Churches, Moscow: FAM, 2001, ISBN 5-89831-013-4

[8] Asenbauer, Haig E. On the right of self-determination of the Armenian people of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenian Prelacy. December 19, 1996 [December 19, 2019] –通过Google Books.

[Min220-9] （法語） Ter Minassian, Anahide (1989). La république d'Arménie. 1918–1920 La mémoire du siècle. Brussels: éditions complexe, p. 220. ISBN 2-87027-280-4.

[Dad360-361-10] 10.0 ^10.1 These are according to the figures provided by Alexander Miasnikyan, the President of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Armenia, in a telegram he sent to the Soviet Foreign Minister Georgy Chicherin in 1921. Miasnikyan's figures were broken down as follows: of the approximately 60,000 Armenians who were killed by the Turkish armies, 30,000 were men, 15,000 women, 5,000 children, and 10,000 young girls. Of the 38,000 who were wounded, 20,000 were men, 10,000 women, 5,000 young girls, and 3,000 children. Instances of mass rape, murder and violence were also reported against the Armenian populace of Kars and Alexandropol: see Vahakn N. Dadrian. (2003). The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 360–361. ISBN 1-57181-666-6.

[Armenia_1980-11] Armenia: The Survival of a Nation, Christopher Walker, 1980.

[Akçam_2007_327-12] Akçam, Taner. A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. 2007: 327. - Profile at Google Books

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