印度河之戰
| 印度河之戰 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蒙古征服花剌子模的一部分 | |||||||||
 藝術家描繪的札蘭丁穿越印度河逃離戰場 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| 參戰方 | |||||||||
| 蒙古帝國 | 花剌子模王國 | ||||||||
| 指揮官與領導者 | |||||||||
|
成吉思汗 察合台 窩闊台 | 札蘭丁 | ||||||||
| 兵力 | |||||||||
|
50,000名騎兵[1] 50,000人以上[2] |
3,000名騎兵和700名禁衛軍[1] 30,000–35,000名難民[2] | ||||||||
| 傷亡與損失 | |||||||||
|
死傷慘重
| 大部分的軍隊 | ||||||||
印度河之戰，是1221年成吉思汗追擊花剌子模新蘇丹札蘭丁的戰役。
過程
[編輯]在八魯灣之戰之後，因花剌子模軍隊分裂，札蘭丁決定前往德里蘇丹國尋求庇護，大約50000人隨行，數千人是難民。然而，成吉思汗的大軍追上他時，他騎馬跳入印度河，成吉思汗的部將沒能追殺到他，但只有少數的難民和他最親密隨從進入印度地區，其他士兵和難民都被蒙古人殺死。
事後
[編輯]札蘭丁在印度地區逗留三年，後回波斯復國。
註腳
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Sverdrup 2010，第109-117頁.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Dupuy 1993，第366頁.
參考文獻
[編輯]- Barthold, Vasily. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion Third. Gibb Memorial Trust. 1968. OCLC 4523164.
- Boyle, John Andrew. The Mongol Commanders in Afghanistan and India according to the Tabaqat-i Nasiri of Juzjani. Islamic Studies (Islamabad: International Islamic University). 1963, 2 (2): 235–47 [2022-05-19]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-10）.
- Boyle, John Andrew. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5. Cambridge University Press. 1968. ISBN 978-0-521-06936-6.
- Buniyatov, Z. M. Государство Хорезмшахов-Ануштегинидов: 1097-1231 [A History of the Khorezmian State under the Anushteginids, 1097-1231]. 由Mustafayev, Shahin; Welsford, Thomas翻譯. Moscow: Nauka. 2015. ISBN 978-9943-357-21-1.
- Dupuy, Trevor N.; Dupuy, R. Ernest. The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History. Harper Collins. 1993.
- Fleet, John F.; Temple, Richard C. (編). The Indian Antiquary A Journal of Oriental research XIV. 1885.
- Jackson, Peter. Jalāl Al-Dīn, the Mongols, and the Khwarazmian Conquest of the Panjāb and Sind. Iran (British Institute of Persian Studies). 1990, 28: 45–54 [2022-05-19]. doi:10.2307/4299834. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-08）.
- Juvaini, Ata-Malik. Tarikh-i Jahangushay تاریخ جهانگشای [History of the World Conqueror] 2. 由Andrew Boyle, John翻譯. c. 1260 （波斯語）.
- McLynn, Frank. Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy. Hachette Books. 2015. OCLC 1285130526.
- Sverdrup, Carl. Numbers in Mongol Warfare. Journal of Medieval Military History (Boydell Press). 2010, 8: 109–17 [p. 113]. ISBN 978-1-84383-596-7.
- Sverdrup, Carl. The Mongol Conquests The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei. West Midlands: Helion & Company Limited. 2017: 29, 163, 168. ISBN 978-1-910777-71-8.
- Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander The Great to the Fall of The Taliban. DA CAPO Press. 2002. ISBN 0-306-81233-9.
- Tucker, Spencer. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East I. 2009.