里约热内卢
Rio de Janeiro | |
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Rio de Janeiro | |
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里约热内卢位置 | |
坐标:22°54′40″S 43°12′20″W / 22.9111°S 43.2056°W | |
国家 | 巴西 |
Region | Southeast |
State | 里约热内卢省 |
政府 | |
• 市长 | Cesar Maia (PFL) |
人口(2005年)[1][2] | |
• 城市 | 5,613,000人 |
• 都会区 | 12,620,000 |
时区 | UTC-3(UTC-3) |
网站 | www.rio.rj.gov.br |
里约热内卢(葡萄牙文:Rio de Janeiro,意即“一月的河”),有时中译简称里约,位于巴西东南部,经纬度Template:Coor dm,是巴西第二大城,仅次于圣保罗,面积1,256平方公里,人口6,094,183人(2005年),其也是巴西的旧首都[3],其在1960年以前为巴西首都,后迁至巴西利亚,风景优美,每年吸引大量游客到此观光,市境内的里约热内卢港是世界三大天然良港之一,而里约热内卢基督像也是世界新七大奇迹之一。
历史
Guanabara Bay是将来的城市所在地,被葡萄牙探险家Gaspar de Lemos在1502年1月20日发现 。; 因此称为Rio de Janeiro, "一月河"。这是名称是一个传说,因此他们认为海湾口实际是河口, 这是没有经验的水手们会犯错误。因为当时, "河"是任何大面积水体的通称.
非官方的欧洲人在此地出现并未长时间持续。1519年当Ferdinand Magellan在此地的海滩给他的船补给时,法国走私船已经开始使用这座海滩作为他们走私的大本营巴西木材。当法国海军军官Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon 与1555年与一只舰队和两只船到达,与其一起到达的还有600名战士和殖民者,他在这里建立了第一个欧洲永久居住地。殖民地被指为"France Antarctique". 殖民者主要由法国雨格诺教徒与瑞士 加尔文教徒组成。Villegaignon于1557年在与一些殖民者的冲突后离开。
这个城市在1565年3月1日,由葡萄牙骑士Estácio de Sá名为São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro (St. Sebastian of the January River),在塞巴斯蒂昂一世之下成立。整个世纪以来,这移居地通常称作São Sebastião又称为Saint Sebastian。这座城市被建做一个用来侵略法国殖民地的基地。他们在1567年成功占领并将法国人驱逐出境。以后,“São Sebastião”经常被海盗及私掠船攻击,特别是葡萄牙的敌人,如荷兰和法国。
里约初始地址确切位于Sugarloaf Mountainat的山脚下Pão-de-Açúcar。后来,整个城市被迁移至一个以一座山包围的山顶中,模仿中世纪欧洲加强防御机制的城堡——而此地后被称为Morro do Castelo(城堡山)。因此,这座城市从现有的市中心(城区,见下) 先向南后向北(以大面积的建筑活动来开垦土地);一个至今仍在继续的城市化过程.
16世纪后期葡萄牙人聚集开始型成村庄一个巴西境内大西洋海上运输的战略位置,非洲殖民地到欧洲也有。建筑城堡并与土著邻邦成立同盟来防御和抵抗侵略者——里约的邻居,例如Niterói,由一个土著统领建立的名为Tamoio Indian Araribóia的地区。其目的为支持防御。甘蔗糖以前是本地的第一产业。土著人与非洲人通常奴隶被雇于手工业。最终工业缩减,巴西北方生产的高品质甘蔗糖产业从而得到发展。
直到18世纪初期,城市多次被威胁及试图入侵,通常是法国海盗,当中包括Jean-François Duclerc及René Duguay-Trouin。1720年后,当葡萄牙人在Minas Gerais发现黄金及钻石后,里约热内卢成为了重要的出口港口。1763年,葡萄牙的殖民地政治将行政权移到里约热内卢。
此城市继续成为殖民地地首都,直到1808年为止,当葡萄牙贵族及皇室害怕拿破仑入侵葡萄牙,迁移到里约热内卢。此地更成为葡萄牙首都,因此里约热内卢是唯一一个欧洲国家在欧洲以外地区设立首都的城市。那个时候,对于贵族突然迁徙,城市没办法建设空间给予适当的环境贵族居住。
1822年,佩德罗一世宣布巴西独立,他决定将里约热内卢成为国家的首都,不过城市逐渐失去重要性,他将经济和政治中心迁移到圣保罗。
当君主制被共和国所代替,里约热内卢仍是巴西的首都。
直到20世纪早期,城市开始发展到有分区的情况(见下文),市中心的重心开始向南和西转移,至一个被称为Zona Sul(北方地区)的地区,第一条丈在山下的隧道建成通往Botafogo与邻近的城市,其现名为Copacabana。那座海滩的天然美,与其美誉并称Copacabana Palace Hotel,美洲19世纪30年代的豪华酒店,到现仍里约热内卢仍成为派对主要进行城市(尽管,此美誉近年来多少被毒品贸易所导致的暴力诋毁)。
巴西有意将首都移到国家的中心,而当时亦有迁都的讨论,1955年当总统Juscelino Kubitschek大力推行建设新的首都。尽管有很多意见认为这只是选举 修辞学, Kubitschek仍想于1960年前在大海滩地区建立巴西利亚。4月21日,巴西正式将首都转移到巴西利亚。
1960年至1975年里约热内卢是一个Guanabara州城邦(类似德国汉堡、奥地利维也纳及美国的华盛顿)。不过因行政及政治原因,一个被称为"A Fusão"("融合")总统政令使城市的联邦状态不复存在并将其于1975年与state of Rio de Janeiro并吞。直到现在,Cariocas仍倡议城市应当拥有自治权。
分区
一般而言, 里约热内卢区分为以下地区:旧市区(中区), 方便外国游客旅游, 拥有世界著名海滩的南区, 工厂集中的北区, 以及新市镇的西区.
市中心
市中心(Centro)是市内的金融中心。 本区内的名胜古迹包含在葡萄牙殖民时期所建造,当作其巴西总督官邸的所谓"皇宫"Paço Imperial; 许多历史悠久的教堂, 诸如坎德拉利亚教堂(意即:黑圣母教堂)Candelária Church, 老里约大教堂 colonial Cathedral 以及现代的里约大教堂Rio de Janeiro Cathedral. 在西尼兰地亚广场(意即:戏院广场)Cinelandia square附近有几个属于里约美好年代Belle Epoque的知名地标, 包含市政戏院Municipal Theatre和巴西国家图书馆National Library.在博物馆中,国立美术馆Museu Nacional de Belas Artes 与历史博物馆 Museu Histórico Nacional最具重要性. Other important historical attractions in central Rio include its Passeio Público, an 18th-century public garden, as well as the imposing arches of the Arcos da Lapa, a Roman-style aqueduct built around 1750. A bondinho (tram) leaves from a city centre station, crosses the aqueduct (converted to a tram viaduct in 1896) and rambles through the hilly streets of the Santa Teresa neighbourhood nearby.
市中心是城市的商业心脏地带,最具规模的巴西公司在此设立总部,包括巴西石油及淡水河谷公司(其中两家最具规模的巴西企业)。
南区
里约热内卢南区是有多个地区, amongst which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana and Leme,包括了里约热内卢的沙滩线。其他的地区包括了Botafogo, Flamengo and Urca, which border Guanabara Bay and Lagoa, Gávea, Jardim Botânico and Laranjeiras.
The neighbourhood of Copacabana beach hosts one of the world's most spectacular New Year's Eve parties ("Reveillon"), as more than two million revellers crowd onto the sands to watch the firework display. As of 2001, the fireworks have been launched from boats, to improve the safety of the event.
北区
北区是足球场Maracanã stadium所在地,曾是世界上容纳观众最多的球土场,在1950年举办世界杯足球赛。In modern times its capacity has been reduced to conform with modern safety regulations and the stadium has introduced seating for all fans. Currently undergoing renovation, it only has the capacity for 45,000 fans, it will eventually hold around 120,000 people. Maracanã will be the site for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies and football competition of the 2007 泛英运动智会.
Besides the Maracanã, the North Zone of Rio also holds other tourist and historical attractions, such as 'Manguinhos', the home of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, a centenarian biomedical research institution with a main building fashioned like a Moorish palace, and the beautiful Quinta da Boa Vista, the park where the historical old Imperial Palace is located. Nowadays, the palace hosts the National Museum, specialising in Natural History, Archaeology and Ethnology.
西区
气候
里约热内卢属于热带干湿季气候,终年高温,一年中有明显的干季与雨季,年降雨量在1300毫米左右。在12月到4月的干季,由于受副高或干燥信风带控制,气流干燥以下沉为主,不易形成降水;在5月到11月的雨季,由于受赤道低压带控制,降水丰富,降水类型多为对流雨。
1月 | 2月 | 3月 | 4月 | 5月 | 6月 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 11月 | 12月 | 年 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最高温度 (°C) | 30 | 31 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 28 | 29 | 29 |
最低温度 (°C) | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 20 |
降水量 (cm) | 114 | 104 | 104 | 137 | 86 | 81 | 70 | 64 | 59 | 86 | 90 | 170 | 109 |
社会条件
里约热内卢是一个贫富对比鲜明的城市。尽管该市无疑属于世界主要大都市之一,该市650万居民中却有高达15%的人居住条件恶劣。穷人区中条件最差的贫民窟称为“favela”,拥挤在山坡上,在那里不容易建造牢固的建筑,遇到暴雨时经常发生事故。贫民窟地区还有毒品犯罪、团伙殴斗、警察暴力、缺乏卫生设施等各种社会问题。
里约热内卢贫民窟的独特之处在于它们距离富人区非常之近。上流社会的社区Ipanema和Copacabana夹在海滩和群山之间,而山上就是穷人区所在。
文化
种族
里约热内卢的大部分人口属于葡萄牙人后裔,也有很多人是非洲人后裔,或葡萄牙人与黑人的混血。该市其他重要的族裔还有德国裔、意大利裔、西班牙裔、阿拉伯裔、犹太人、韩国裔、日本裔以及印第安人。
狂欢节
里约热内卢主内有多个的狂欢节,包括著名的 Escolas de Samba (Samba schools) parades in the sambódromo exhibition centre and the popular 'blocos de carnaval', which parade in almost every corner of the city. The most famous ones are the following:
- Cordão do Bola Preta:市中心的游行活动,是传统的嘉年华。2006年,总共有20万人参与。
- Suvaco do Cristo: Band that parades in the Botanic Garden, directly below the Redeemer statue's arm. The name, in English, translates as 'Christ's armpit', and was chosen for that reason.
- Carmelitas: Band that was supposedly created by nuns, but in fact it is just a theme chosen by the band. It parades in the hills of Santa Teresa, which have very nice views.
- Simpatia é Quase Amor: One of the most popular parades in Ipanema. Translates as 'Friendliness is almost love'.
- Banda de Ipanema: The most traditional in Ipanema. It attracts a wide range of revellers, including families and a wide spectrum of the gay population (notably spectacular drag queens).
文化活动
里约热内卢是南美洲最大的城市之一,但该市更为知名的是他一年中举行的各种各样的文化庆典活动,其中最著名的就是狂欢节,在传统的天主教四旬斋禁食期的两周之前举行。
届时来自世界各地的人来到里约热内卢参与并见证这次狂欢。狂欢节意味着大量的人群、美食、色彩,当然还有桑巴舞。狂欢节的庆祝结束于“Mardi Gras”星期二。
除了狂欢节,新年也是里约热内卢的一个重要节日,届时会举办几场音乐会,并且在全市燃放焰火,规模最大的是在Copacabana海滩。人们穿着白色的衣服,一些人还
体育
里约热内卢即将主办2007年泛美运动会。 其他知名的比赛是MotoGP巴西大奖赛及世界沙滩排球锦标赛决赛。Jacarepaguá曾是一级方程式赛车1978年-1990年赛站巴西大奖赛以及是1996-1999年Champ Car赛事举行地点。WCT/WQS Surf championships was contested on the beaches from 1985-2001. The city is building a new stadium near the Maracanã, to hold 145,000 people. It will be named after Brazilian ex-FIFA president João Havelange.里约热内卢曾申办2012年夏季奥林匹克运动会,但未能成为最后申办城市。Copacabana沙滩would have been the site of the triathlon and beach volleyball, while yachting competitions would have been held in Guanabara Bay. 2006年9月16日,城市宣布申办2016年夏季奥林匹克运动会,最后获选为申办城市之一,将于2009年投票。
体育是受欢迎的娱乐之一。最受欢迎运动是足球。里约热内卢是四队巴西传统劲旅的根据地,保地花高、法林明高、费伦明斯 以及华斯高.
其他受欢迎运动包括沙滩足球、沙滩排球、滑浪、kitesurfing、hang gliding、赛车、 巴西柔术, recreational sailing, and competitive rowing. The peculiarly Brazilian dance/sport/martial art Capoeira is also popular. Another sport that is highly popular on the beaches of Rio is called "Fresco Ball" (or Matkot), a type of beach tennis.
里约热内卢亦是攀石者的天堂,市内有数百个攀爬点,ranging from easy boulders to highly technical big wall climbs, all inside the city. The most famous, Rio's granite mountain, the Sugar Loaf (Pão de Açúcar), is an example, with routes from the easy 3rd grade (American 5.4, French 3) to the extremely difficult 9th grade (5.13/8b), up to 280 metres.
Hang gliding in Rio de Janeiro started in the mid 1970s and quickly proved to be perfectly suited for this town, due to its geography; steep mountains encounter the Atlantic Ocean, which provide excellent take-off locations and great landing zones on the beach. Starting with amateur flights, this activity soon turned into a profitable industry of tandem hang gliding with some very experienced pilots at a cost for a ride around US$ 100.00.在12月至3月的夏季通常要预约才能够使用。
钓鱼是巴西普及的活动。在里约热内卢,有一道地方可以找到很多巴西铜鱼,又名为peixe de cobre.不少市集售卖peixes de cobre,牠们为巴西人日常主要食物。
交通
在里约热内卢,巴士是主要集体运输工具。总共有超过440条巴士线,每天接载400万名乘客,以及连接其他路线的城市。虽然便宜和频密,但是市内有交通政策以减才市内堵车及增加乘客流量。
Rio de Janeiro has two subway lines (Metro Rio) and several commuter rail lines. Future plans include building a third subway line to Niterói and São Gonçalo, including an underwater tunnel beneath Guanabara Bay to supplement the ferry service currently there.
In Brazil, most interstate transportation is done by road. A large terminal for long-distance buses is in the Santo Cristo neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro.市内还有两个港口接载乘客 (里约热内卢及 Sepetiba港)。
机场
市内有五个机场。
- Galeão - Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport
- 所有国际航班以及部分国内长距离航机会使用此机场。
- Santos Dumont Regional Airport
- 里约热内卢首个机场及前国际机场。部分航班是通往里约热内卢省,特别是北方生产石油的城市。
- Aeroporto de Jacarepaguá
- 位于Barra da Tijuca区。现时由Aeroclube do Brasil(巴西飞行协会)管理,负责小型飞机的升降。 - São Paulo Air Shuttle Service since it is just inside Barra, the city's fastest-growing district.
- Campo dos Afonsos
- 军用机场,当巴西空军举行航空展时会使用。另外亦举办MUSAL (Museu Aero-Espacial),是拉丁美州其中一个大型航空展览。
- Santa Cruz Air Base:军用机场。
公园与广场
当地名人
'Cariocas', as residents of Rio de Janeiro are called in Brazil, have made extensive contributions to Brazil's history, culture, music, literature, education, science, technology etc. – particularly when Rio de Janeiro was the federal capital and a great hub of Brazilian growth and innovation in all these areas. Some important Cariocas, who were born in Rio, are:
- Adolfo Lutz,物理及科学家
- Adriano Leite Ribeiro,足球运动员
- Bruno Barreto,电影导演
- Carlos Nemer, architect and civil engineer
- Carlos Chagas Filho,物理及科学家
- Carlos Lacerda,里约热内卢市长
- Carolina Solberg,沙滩排球运动员
- Chico Buarque,作曲家、歌手、作家
- Bruno Campos演员
- Fernanda Montenegro演员
- Fernando Henrique Cardoso,社会学家,两任巴西总统
- Garrincha,足球运动员
- Heitor Villa-Lobos, classic composer and regent
- Ismael Silva,歌手兼作曲家
- Isabel Clark,滑板运动员
- Jaguar, cartoonist
- Jô Soares, television entertainer and writer
- Jorge Ben Jor,歌手及作曲家
- Machado de Assis,作家
- Madame Satã, famous outlaw
- Marisa Monte,歌手兼作曲家
- Millôr Fernandes, cartoonist and playwright
- Milton Nascimento,歌手兼作曲家
- Nelson Piquet赛车手。
- Noel Rosa,歌手兼作曲家
- Oscar Niemeyer,建筑设计师
- Paulinho da Viola,桑巴舞高手
- Paulo Coelho作家
- Emperor D. Pedro II
- Pixinguinha, one of the fathers of Chorinho music
- Baden Powell, composer and musician (guitar)
- Royce Gracie, Mixed Martial Arts and Grappling legend
- 罗马里奥,,足球运动员
- 朗拿度,足球运动员
- Sérgio Vieira de Mello,外交官
- Silvio Santos,电视台老板
- Tom Jobim, composer and musician, one of the creators of Bossa Nova
- Vinícius de Moraes, writer, poet, musician and diplomat
- Walter Salles,,电影导演
- 薜高,足球运动员及教练
教育
- 国立大学
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológico Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET) - Celso Suckow da Fonseca Federal Center for Technological Education
- Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas (ENCE) - National School of Statistics Sciences
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) – State University of Rio de Janeiro
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) – Norh Fluminense State University [Located in the nearby city of Campos]
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) – Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro [Located in the nearby city of Seropédica]
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) – "Fluminense" Federal University [Fluminense, in Portuguese, is someone who is born in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This university is located in the nearby city of Niterói]
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) – Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME) – Military Institute of Engineering
- Instituto Superior de Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ) - Superior Institute for Education of the State of Rio de Janeiro
- 研究中心及书院
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) – Brazilian Center for Physics Research
- Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello (CENPES) - Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello Research and Development Center
- Escola de Comando e Estado Maior do Exército (ECEME) - Army School of Command and Estado Maior [Estado Maior is a sector of the Brazilian army]
- Insituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia (COPPE) – Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering
- Insituto de Energia Nuclear (IEN) - Nuclear Energy Institute
- Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) – National institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) – Oswaldo Cruz Institute
- Instituto Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD) – Radiation Protection and Dosimetry Institute
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC) – National Laboratory for Scientific Computing [Located in the nearby city of Petrópolis]
- Observatório Nacional (ON) – National Observatory
- 私立大学
- Centro de Ensino Superior de Valença (CESVA) [Located in the nearby city of Valença]
- Centro Universitário Augusto Motta (UNISUAM)
- Faculdade Angel Vianna
- Faculdade Anglo Americano
- Faculdade Arthur Sá Earp Neto (FASE) [Located in the nearby city of Petrópolis]
- Faculdade Carioca
- Faculdade Centro de Cultura Anglo-Americana (CCAA)
- Faculdade de Ciências Agro-Ambientais (FCAA)
- Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC) [Located in the nearby city of Campos]
- Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis (FMP) [Located in the nearby city of Petrópolis]
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo (FONF) [Located in the nearby city of Nova Friburgo]
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Campos (FOC) [Located in the nearby city of Campos]
- Faculdade de São Bento do Rio de Janeiro
- Faculdades Integradas Hélio Alonso (FACHA)
- Faculdades Integradas Bennett
- Faculdades Souza Marques
- Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV) – Getúlio Vargas Foundation
- Instituto Brasileiro de Medicina de Reabilitação (IBMR)
- Instituto Brasileiro de Mercado de Capitais (IBMEC) – Brazilian Institute of Capital Markets
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio) – Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
- Universidade Cândido Mendes (UCAM)
- Universidade Católica de Petrópolis (UCP) [Located in the nearby city of Petrópolis]
- Universidade Estácio de Sá
- Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG) [Located in the nearby city of Nova Iguaçu]
- Universidade Gama Filho (UGF)
- Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO)
- Universidade Santa Úrsula (USU)
- Universidade Univercidade
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA)
- 公众及私立学院
- Centro de Educação e Cultura da Barra (CEC)
- Colégio Santa Marcelina
- Colégio Pentágono
- Colégio Pedro II
- Colégio Princesa Isabel
- Colégio Andrews
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET) - Federal Center of Technology Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca
- Centro Educacional Vieirence
- Charles Péguy
- Colégio Subtente Duplar Pires de Mello
- Corcovado
- Colégio da Imaculada Conceição
- CEL- Centro Educacional da Lagoa
- Escola Americana do Rio de Janeiro (EARJ)(American School)
- Escola Parque
- EDEM
- Instituto de Educação Sarah Kubitschek
- Instituto Analice
- São Bento - Saint Benedict School
- Santo Ignácio
- Santo Agostinho - Saint Augustin School
- São Vicente de Paula
- Sion
- FAETEC - Support Foundation of the Technical Schools
- Colégio dos Santos Anjos
- Colégio Marista São José
- Liceu Molière - Lyceé Molière
- Liceu Franco-Brasileiro
- CEAT- Educacional Center Aloísio Teixeira
- Teresiano
- PH
- Colégio Nossa Senhora de Lourdes
- Colégio de Aplicação da U.F.R.J.
- CEFETEQ de Nilópolis - Nilópolis Federal Tecnological Center of Chemistry
- Military School of Rio de Janeiro
- The British School-Rio de Janeiro
参考
友好城市
外部链接
官方网站
- (葡萄牙文) 市政府官方网站
- Rio De Janeiro Webcams
- Riotur
教育
- CGMAX - Computer Graphics University at Rio de Janeiro
- UVA-Rio - Veiga de Almeida University of Rio de Janeiro
- PUC-Rio - the Pontifical University of Rio de Janeiro
- UFRJ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- UFRRJ Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- UERJ - University of Rio de Janeiro State
- UNIRIO - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State
- UCAM - Universidade Candido Mendes
- [4] - Escola Americana do Rio de Janeiro [American School of Rio de Janeiro]
- [5] - Universidade Estácio de Sá (Estacio de Sa University)
图片
- Images of Rio— Hundreds of images from the 1920s to the present
- 相片指南 visual impressions of "a cidade maravilhosa"
- LuxoRio - Several hundred photos of emerging luxury property market in Ipanema, Copacabana and Leblon. Featured in CasaCor 2006.
- Corcovado Immersive Virtual Tour
旅游
- 维基导游上有关里约热内卢的旅行指南
- (葡萄牙文) Rio de Janeiro Yellow Pages
- The Scandinavian Association in Rio de Janeiro
- Tourist Information about Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro Travel information and pictures
- (葡萄牙文) Maplink - Rio de Janeiro Street Guide and Maps
- (葡萄牙文) Terra Brazil Institute - For finding your way around Tijuca National Park