丁香假单胞菌

丁香假单胞菌
	Cultures of Pseudomonas syringae
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota
纲：	γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	假單胞菌目 Pseudomonadales
科：	假单胞菌科 Pseudomonadaceae
属：	假单胞菌属 Pseudomonas
种：	丁香假单胞菌 P. syringae
二名法
	Pseudomonas syringae; Van Hall, 1904
模式菌株
	ATCC 19310 ; CCUG 14279 ; CFBP 1392 ; CIP 106698 ; ICMP 3023 ; LMG 1247 ; NCAIM B.01398 ; NCPPB 281 ; NRRL B-1631

丁香假单胞菌（Pseudomonas syringae）是一种具有单极鞭毛的杆状革兰氏阴性细菌，属于假单胞菌属，依据16SrRNA测序结果归入丁香假单胞菌组，^[1] 因首次从欧丁香 (Syringa vulgaris ) 中分离出而得名。^[2] 作为一种植物病原体，它的感染范围广泛，存在50多种不同的病原体形式。^[3] 通过对假单胞菌属的全部 494 个完整基因组进行系统基因组分析，人们发现丁香假单胞菌并不是严格意义上的单系物种，而是一个范围更广的进化群体，还包括了P. avellanae, P. savastanoi, P. amygdali, P. cerasi 等多个物种。 ^[4]

丁香假单胞菌的精氨酸二肽水解酶（英语：Arginine dihydrolase）和氧化酶活性检测（英语：Oxidase test）结果为阴性，在含蔗糖的琼脂培养基上形成果聚糖大分子。许多（但不是全部）菌株可以分泌一种叫丁香霉素（英语：Syringomycin）的植物毒素溶解细胞膜。 ^[5]

丁香假单胞菌可以合成冰核活性（INA）蛋白（英语：Snowmaking），促使植物体内的水在高于正常值的温度（-1.8 ~ -3.8℃）下结冰，造成组织损伤。 ^[6] INA蛋白也常用于人造雪。^[7]。丁香假单胞菌是大气中的“生物冰核”，与其它可充当云凝结核的气生细菌一同在雨、雪的形成过程中发挥重要作用。

丁香假单胞菌通过 III 型分泌系统将效应蛋白跨膜注射到植物细胞内，这些蛋白可以抑制植物的抗病机制，由此致病。在丁香假单胞菌中已鉴定出近60种 III 型效应蛋白，它们由 hop 基因编码。^[8] 由于此物种的基因组序列破译较早，且所选菌株的宿主植物（包括拟南芥、本塞姆氏烟草和番茄）特征鲜明，丁香假单胞菌可以作为代表性物种用于研究植物-病原体相互作用。^[9]

参考

^ Anzai, Y; Kim, H; Park, JY; Wakabayashi, H; Oyaizu, H. Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000, 50 (4): 1563–89. PMID 10939664. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563.
^ Kreig, N. R.; Holt, J. G. (编). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Biology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. 1984: 141–99.
^ Arnold, DL; Preston, GM. Pseudomonas syringae: enterprising epiphyte and stealthy parasite. Microbiology. 2019, 165 (3): 251–53. PMID 30427303. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000715 .
^ Nikolaidis, Marios; Mossialos, Dimitris; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigorios D. Comparative Analysis of the Core Proteomes among the Pseudomonas Major Evolutionary Groups Reveals Species-Specific Adaptations for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Diversity. August 2020, 12 (8): 289. doi:10.3390/d12080289  （英语）.
^ Scholz-Schroeder, Brenda K.; Soule, Jonathan D.; Gross, Dennis C. The sypA, sypB, and sypC Synthetase Genes Encode Twenty-Two Modules Involved in the Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis of Syringopeptin by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B301D. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 2003, 16 (4): 271–80. PMID 12744455. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.4.271 .
^ Maki, Leroy. Ice Nucleation Induced by Pseudomonas syringae. Applied Microbiology. Sep 1974, 28 (3): 456–59. PMC 186742 . PMID 4371331. doi:10.1128/AEM.28.3.456-459.1974.
^ Robbins, Jim. From Trees and Grass, Bacteria That Cause Snow and Rain. The New York Times. 24 May 2010.
^ PPI home – Pseudomonas-Plant Interaction – Pseudomonas syringae Genome Resources Home Page. Cornell University & National Science Foundation & USDA ARS. 2010-09-03 [2022-03-22].
^ Mansfield, John. Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology. 2012, 13 (6): 614–29. PMC 6638704 . PMID 22672649. doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00804.x.

[1] Anzai, Y; Kim, H; Park, JY; Wakabayashi, H; Oyaizu, H. Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2000, 50 (4): 1563–89. PMID 10939664. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563.

[2] Kreig, N. R.; Holt, J. G. (编). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Biology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. 1984: 141–99.

[3] Arnold, DL; Preston, GM. Pseudomonas syringae: enterprising epiphyte and stealthy parasite. Microbiology. 2019, 165 (3): 251–53. PMID 30427303. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000715 .

[:1-4] Nikolaidis, Marios; Mossialos, Dimitris; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigorios D. Comparative Analysis of the Core Proteomes among the Pseudomonas Major Evolutionary Groups Reveals Species-Specific Adaptations for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Diversity. August 2020, 12 (8): 289. doi:10.3390/d12080289  （英语）.

[pmid12744455-5] Scholz-Schroeder, Brenda K.; Soule, Jonathan D.; Gross, Dennis C. The sypA, sypB, and sypC Synthetase Genes Encode Twenty-Two Modules Involved in the Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis of Syringopeptin by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B301D. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 2003, 16 (4): 271–80. PMID 12744455. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.4.271 .

[6] Maki, Leroy. Ice Nucleation Induced by Pseudomonas syringae. Applied Microbiology. Sep 1974, 28 (3): 456–59. PMC 186742 . PMID 4371331. doi:10.1128/AEM.28.3.456-459.1974.

[7] Robbins, Jim. From Trees and Grass, Bacteria That Cause Snow and Rain. The New York Times. 24 May 2010.

[Httppseudomonassyringaeorg-8] PPI home – Pseudomonas-Plant Interaction – Pseudomonas syringae Genome Resources Home Page. Cornell University & National Science Foundation & USDA ARS. 2010-09-03 [2022-03-22].

[9] Mansfield, John. Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology. 2012, 13 (6): 614–29. PMC 6638704 . PMID 22672649. doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00804.x.

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