攀牙府
Template:Infobox Thailand province
攀牙府（泰文：จังหวัดระนอง，英文：Phang Nga Province）在泰国南部，她的西面是安达曼海，北到东南面（顺时针）分别是泰国的拉廊府、素叻府和甲米府，在南面以一桥与普吉府相连。
地理
攀牙府处在马来亚半岛西部，克拉地峡以南，东有普吉山脉。她临靠安达曼海有比较长的海岸线。
在东南部的攀牙湾（Phang Nga Bay）中有很多风景秀丽的小岛，吸引游人参观。今天这些小岛由攀牙湾国家公园管理局管辖。
在本府西面，安达曼海中还有诗美兰群岛（Similan Islands），由九个岛组成，今天是著名潜水胜地。
气候
本府的气候特征就是比较多雨，特别是五月到十月雨季往往连续多日降下豪雨。
历史
本府包含十八世纪泰国的竹古童、竹古巴和攀牙三个城邦地域，后者为拉玛二世兴建于1809年。
攀牙原先主要为马来人居住，后来到十七至十八世纪泰国人不断大规模迁入，马来人渐渐迁出。过去此地人多从事采锡矿，由于经常与邻国缅甸发生战事，这些城有时由泰国军方管辖，有时由泰国中央直接管辖。1785年缅军入侵普吉达四个多月之久，由于他朗城（Thalang）被严重焚毁，泰王命令其全部居民移居攀牙城。
1840年攀牙正式成为一府，而竹古童则被并入其中。1931年竹古巴又被并为该府的一部分。
2004年12月26日，东南亚大地震及海啸席卷而来，攀牙府的滂海旅游设施受到极其严重破坏，槁立的海滩变成一片废墟，数千游客伤亡或失踪。
府徽和府花
| 攀牙府的府徽上面画着象山（Phu Khao Chang），山前是从前的市镇府，以及一条代表锡矿采集业的壕沟。 |
本府的府树是（Cinnamomum porrectum）。
府花是（Anaxagorea javanica）
行政及管理
本府行政上被划分为八个大區（ampoe），又进一步被划分为48个小區（tambon）及314个村（muban）。
| 泰文 | 英文 | 中文 | 人口 | |
| 1 | อำเภอเมืองพังงา | Amphoe Mueang Phang Nga | 攀牙府城 | 大约三万八千人 |
| 2 | อำเภอเกาะยาว | Amphoe Ko Yao | 长岛区 | 不详 |
| 3 | อำเภอกะปง | Amphoe Kapong | 卡蓬区 | 不详 |
| 4 | อำเภอตะกั่วทุ่ง | Amphoe Takua Thung | 竹古通区 | 不详 |
| 5 | อำเภอตะกั่วป่า | Amphoe Takua Pa | 竹古巴区 | 不详 |
| 6 | อำเภอคุระบุรี | Amphoe Khura Buri | 库拉武里 | 不详 |
| 7 | อำเภอทับปุด | Amphoe Thap Put | 湿钵区 | 不详 |
| 8 | อำเภอท้ายเหมือง | Amphoe Thai Mueang | 泰庄区 | 不详 |
交通
陆路交通
Highway No. 4 is the main route that connects all districts in Phang-Nga (except Kapong and Koh Yao). Highway No. 401 connects Phang-Nga to Surat Thani. Highway No. 402 connects Phang-Nga to Phuket Province. Highway No. 4090 connects Muang to Kapong district. Rail systems There is no rail system in Phang-Nga Province. The nearest railway station is at Phunphin district, Nakhorn Sithammarat.
Bus There are both non air-conditioned and air-conditioned buses to Bangkok and other provinces. There are also non air-condition inter-provincial buses.
Songthaew (public passenger pick-up vehicle) The public passenger pick-up vehicle is the most popular mode of public transportation in Phang-nga.
Motorbike-taxi These are found mainly in the town areas and are used mainly for very short distances. The charges differ according to the distance travelled through the Motorbike-taxi.
航空交通
Airport There is no airport in Phang-Nga Province. The nearest airport is Phuket International Airport.
海路交通
Tourism
Situated on the Andaman Sea, Phang-nga province is famed for its natural beauty in terms of sea, beaches, islands, mountains and forests.
In other words, it is a seaside province by the Andaman Sea with scenic views of forests and islands. The province offers a nice natural beauty both onshore and underwater.
Phang-nga’s popularity has not been jolted by the Tsunami disaster of 2004 and the tourists are coming back in droves, just like before.
Sights / Attractions
Phang-nga Bay or Ao Phang-nga National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติอ่าวพังงา) was declared a national park in1981. It has scenic views because of a mass of limestone formations scattered around in the sea near the shore. Also, as a result of natural changes; caves and rock formations have been formed. The park is also fertile with mangroves. There area a multitude of beautiful islands in the vicinity. Mu Ko Similan National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะสิมิลัน) was declared a national park in1982. Similan is a small group of islands comprising nine islands stretching from north to south and is highly praised for its beautiful scenery, both onshore and underwater.
Mu Ko Surin National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะสุรินทร์) is an archipelago of 5 islands: Ko Surin Nuea, Ko Surin Tai, Ko Ri, Ko Khai, and Ko Klang. It was declared a national park on July 9, 1981. The archipelago is located in the Andaman Sea, near the Thai-Burmese sea border, to the west coast of Thailand. There are coral reefs and the area is suitable for snorkelling.
Ko Phra Thong (เกาะพระทอง), located in Tambon Phra Thong. It is a large island northwest of Phang-nga. The island has many beaches. There is a large fresh water reservoir on the island.
Khao Lak-Lam Ru National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาหลัก-ลำรู่) was declared a national park in August 1991. The park occupies a vast area of 150 square kilometers and covers Amphoe Thai Mueang, Amphoe Kapong, Amphoe Takua Pa, and Amphoe Mueang.
The interesting attractions are: Khao Lak (เขาหลัก), which has the Chao Pho Khao Lak Shrine, Laem Pakarang (แหลมปะการัง) which has groves of pine, making it good for camping and relaxation and Namtok Ton Chong Fa (น้ำตกโตนช่องฟ้า) or Ton Chong Fa Waterfall.
Khao Lampi-Hat Thai Mueang National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาลำปี-หาดท้ายเหมือง) The park occupies an area of 45,000 rais (18,000 acres). It was declared a national park on April 14, 1988. Interesting attractions in the park include: Namtok Lampi (น้ำตกลำปี) is a 6-tiered waterfall that runs all year round, Namtok Ton Phrai (น้ำตกโตนไพร) is a huge waterfall that runs all year round and Hat Thai Mueang (หาดท้ายเหมือง) being a long beach where “Sea Turtle Festival” is held annually.
Wat Suwannakhuha (วัดสุวรรณคูหา), located in Tambon Krasom, is the most interesting temple in Phang-nga since it is of historical and archaeological importance. Within the boundary of the temple is a mountain with numerous caves out of which one is also used as a temple and houses various manners of Buddha images. There are also Royal Monograms inscriptions on the walls of the cave.
Ko Yao (เกาะยาว) covers an area of 137 square kilometres. The majority of the population are Muslim. The island is made up of 2 large islands: Ko Yao Noi and Ko Yao Yai. Hat Khao Lak (ชายทะเลเขาหลัก), 32 kilometres from Takua Pa, it has an advantage of a scenic, long beach of Andaman Sea and the green mountain of Khao Lak-Lamru National Park parallel to the coast. The accommodation of Takua Pa along Khao Lak and Bang Sak Beach is built in the original southern architecture style.
Wat Rat Uppatham or Wat Bang Riang (วัดราษฎร์อุปถัมภ์ หรือ วัดบางเหรียง), located in Tambon Bang Riang, the temple, situated on Khao Lan hill, contains several structures including an elaborate bell-shaped pagoda called Chedi Phutthathambanlue. The hilltop pagoda overlooks surrounding undulating mountains and hills as well as a huge Buddha image and a Guan-yin Chinese Goddess statue.
Activities
Elephant Cave Trekking
Elephant cave tours are usually made to Tham Phung Chang which is a cave with numerous stalactites and stalagmites.
Rafting
Rafting is considered to be an eco-tourism trip in the Ton Pariwat Wildlife Conservation Area. Rock Climbing
This is a popular activity which passes through the routes including high quality limestone, steep, pocketed walls, overhangs and hanging stalactites.
Kayaking
Phang-ngas coastline which composes of mangroves, limestone, small coves, caves and islands, and an interior with rivers lined with fascinating cave systems, has transformed the area into a haven for tourists wanting to try out kayaking. The most popular place of all is Khao Lak.
Bird Watching
Many rare birds are to be seen in Phang-nga such as: Gurneys, Finfoots, Bigwinged Brown Kingfishers, Egrets, and Herons.
Sailing & Cruising
Phang-nga has plenty of anchorages in Phan-nga for sailing and cruising.
Fishing
Fishers catch the likes of marlin, sailfish barracuda and tuna.
Jungle Trekking
Phang-nga’s forests and flora and fauna are good for trekking. Elephant riding is also popular.
Sea canoeing: Inflatable canoes squeeze into and under island.
Bamboo Rafting: This is a popular activity at Along Lamroo Canal at Khao Lak National Park
Golf
Over the past decade or so, the popularity of golf in Thailand has escalated; played both by local Thais and visiting foreign tourists and expatriates. There are two 18-hole golf courses in Phang-nga. There are two major golf courses in Khao Lak, which includes Tablamu Navy Golf Course and Thai Muang Beach Golf & Marina.
Spa
Proper world-class spa services in Phang-Nga are located in hotels and resorts. Since a lot of these spas are accredited by the Thai Spa Operators Association, then the therapists have been properly trained.
Diving
The Similan Islands have one of Thailand’s most famous diving sites which lay claim to having one of the best diving sites in Asia. The Similans consist of 9 islands (Similan means 9 in Malay language) Ko Bon, Ko Bayu, Ko Similan, Ko Payu, Ko Miang (two adjoining islands), Ko Payan, Ko Payang, and Ko Huyong. The islands are famed for their reefs, coral and variety of marine life. Tourists like to spot chevron barracuda, giant trevally, manta rays, leopard sharks and rainbow runners.
Surin Islands The Surin Islands are virtually untouched with reefs that slope to the seabed. The islands are situated 80km west off Ranong province along the west cost of Thailand.Located near the Surin islands is the horseshoe shaped Richelieu Rock which is considered by hoards of divers to be the best dive site in the whole of Thailand. Khao Lak Khao Lak Marine National Park a palm fringed coastline with newly discovered reefs. The area is home to a plentitude of marine life and even a couple of wrecks.
Local Products
Created by the local Farmer’s Housewives Organization, artificial flowers made from rubber and fish scales are souvenirs symbolic of Phang-nga province.
Nightlife
Scattered around the beach and bay areas are several clusters of beer bars and live music venues. There are also hotel bars. Generally speaking however, the nightlife in Pha-nga is comparatively much more laid-back that of Krabi’s.
Local Culture
Lifestyle
Phang-nga is a melting pot of Buddhists, Thai-Chinese, Muslims and even sea gypsies. The majority of the population in the rural areas is Muslim. Phang-nga however, does not suffer from any religious tension and the folk live in peace and harmony. Outside of the provincial town, the rural folk speak with a thick Southern dialect which is difficult for even other Thais to understand.
With this kind of mixture, Phang-nga is always celebrating something be it part of Thai Buddhist, Thai-Chinese or Thai-Islamic tradition.
Situated on the small island of Ko Surin is a community of Morgan Sea Gypsies who still live their traditional life as sea-faring people. These sea gypsies speak Yawi dialect and are more very friendly. However, just like the long-necked Karen in Mae Hong Son, some folk complain that their village resembles a bit like a human zoo with hoards of tourists walking around gawking at the villagers.
Cultural Activities
Manora or Nora (มโนราห์หรือโนรา) is an art form native to southern Thailand. The performance has graceful and beautiful dance postures. The singer will sing the lyrics ad-lib. Therefore, he or she would have to be a quick thinker to find words that rhyme and that are meaningful in lyrics, dance and costume. Accompanying musical instruments include drums, cymbals, gongs, Java pipes, and castanets. Nowadays Nora has developed into incorporating modern instruments.
Shadow Play (หนังตะลุง) is a popular art of southern Thailand. Dried animal hide is carved into drama figures like a hermit, a lord, a lead actor, a lead actress, a giant, and a clown. The figures are held up behind a lighted screen to create shadows on it. Nai Nang or the puppeteer will sing verses or narrate the performance. He must have exceptional reflexes and be able to narrate the whole story by himself. Musical instruments used are the same as for Nora, with perhaps So U and So Duang (stringed instruments) added in.
Li-ke Pa (ลิเกป่า) is also called Li-ke Bok or Li-ke Rammana. This type of performance is different from the usual Li-ke as the performers wear other kinds of costumes. Li-ke Pa is popular among Thai Muslims. Only 3 performers play in a single set the whole show. However, the set will have a location name change to correspond to the story being played. Musical instruments used include 2-3 tambourines, cymbals, gongs, and pipes.
Festivals / Events
Water Melon Day (งานวันแตงโม) is organized every year. There is plenty of watermelon on offer and a food and beauty contest.
Free The Turtles Fair (ประเพณีปล่อยเต่า) is annually atThai Muang Beach. The celebration takes place for 7 days. During the festival baby turtles raised by the Fisheries Department are released into the sea at Thai Mueang Beach.
Songkran Festival (งานประเพณีสงกรานต์) There are a merit making ceremonies, a water-pouring ceremony to pay respect to monks and elderly people, and many shows performed by local students.
The Ma Jor Poh Statue Procession (งานแห่เทพเจ้าศาลเจ้าแม่ม่าจ้อโป๋) It's a yearly ceremony. The statue of Ma Jor Poh is carried on an ancient Chinese carriage around the town along with the weapons of various sacred spirits from the Chinese temple with traditional music played on Chinese musical instruments.
The Chao Ley (sea gypsy) Boat Floating Festival(งานประเพณีลอยเรือ) It's a ceremony to celebrate the ancestor's spirits (Nia An Lo Pong). Morgan sea gypsies of all kinds join in this ceremony. The ceremony includes spirit dwelling, ancestor worshipping, fortune telling, music performances, dances, and "Kabang" floating which is believed to take away all sickness and bad luck from their families and community.
The worshipping ceremony of Narayana and his followers (งานบวงสรวงเทวรูปพระนารายณ์และบริวาร) There are also various shops, several forms of entertainment, and activities performed by students.
Vegetarian Festival (ประเพณีถือศีลกินผัก) The Phang-Nga Vegetarian Festival: Similar to the well-known Vegetarian Festival in Phuket and Trang, this festival is held from the first through the ninth nights of the ninth Chinese lunar month.
Amazing Phang-Nga Festival: High Season Opening in Phang Nga (งานเปิดโลกมหัศจรรย์แดนสวรรค์เมืองพังงา) There is an opening and special events ceremony Khao Lak Center. The ceremony features entertainment, cultural shows, an exhibition of tourist attractions, water sports and local sport competitions, local products shops, and enjoy vast variety of sea food from many resort in Khao Lak. Free The Turtles Fair (ประเพณีปล่อยเต่า) During the festival baby turtles raised by the Fisheries Department are released into the sea at Thai Mueang Beach.
Local Food
In general, Southern Thai food is renowned for its spiciness. Much of the cuisine has its origins in Malay, Indonesian and Indian food. Favourite dishes from the south include Indian-style Muslim curry (massaman), rice noodles in fish curry sauce (Khanom Jeen) and chicken birayani.
Phang-nga’s Panyi Island is famous for its Shrimp Paste and Takuapa for its Chinese-style baked cakes.
Medical Health Care
The main medical facility available at Phang-nga is General Hospital. Whereas, in case of severe conditions of patients or international standards, people normally go to nearby Phuket. For nothing too serious there are plenty of clinics and pharmacies.
Retirement
There are a great number of retirees in Pha-nga and the amount is growing rapidly. One of their favourite spots is Khao Lak.
There are some other retirees though, who reside in extremely quiet locations away from the tourist scene as the cost of living off the beaten track is far cheaper.
Media / Contact
Local television, satellite TV channels are available. English language newspapers and magazines are available in some bookstores.
Landline telephone, satellite phone and all mobile phone systems are available at Phang-nga town and village areas. Internet can be had in hotels, resorts and internet cafés. There are Post Offices in every district.
外部链接
