利比亚阿拉伯航空114号班机空难
事件概要 | |
---|---|
日期 | 1973年2月21日 |
摘要 | 被击落 |
地点 | 西奈半岛 |
飞机概要 | |
机型 | 波音727-224 |
营运者 | 利比亚阿拉伯航空公司 |
注册编号 | 5A-DAH |
起飞地 | 的黎波里 |
最后经停地 | 班加西 |
目的地 | 开罗 |
乘客 | 104 |
机组人员 | 9 |
死亡 | 108 |
受伤 | 未明 |
生还者 | 5 |
利比亚阿拉伯航空114号班机是一气由利比亚首都的黎波里前往埃及首都开罗的定期航班。 在1973年2月21日早上10时,一架波音727客机报行此航班,但因天气恶劣及导航仪器失灵而迷路,误闯入当时仍为以色列领土的西奈半岛上空,最后被以色列空军的两架F-4幽灵战斗机击落,机上113人中只得5人生还,当中包括肇事客机的副机师。[1][2]
经过
此班机由法国籍的机长及同是法籍的飞航工程师,及利比亚籍的副机长负责驾驶。飞机在利比亚东部的班加西作短暂停留后,便载着113名乘客及机员,继续起程前往开罗。
当客机以巡航高度飞越埃及北部时,突然遭遇特大沙暴。由于能见度低,机组员只能以当时属顶尖科技的无线电与塔台对话以维持航线不偏离。约下午1时44分,机长发现他们最终仍偏离航道,因为机上的罗盘发生故障。他们此时不但找不到任何导航灯,亦不知自己身处何方。他亦没有向埃及塔台报告他们的处境,反而在收到埃及航空交通管制许可后,开始下降高度。但由于顺风增加,飞机严重地往东部偏离航道,飞越了苏伊士运河,抵达了于六日战争中成为了以色列领土的西奈半岛上空。
当时中东地区局势非常紧张,以色列及以埃及为首的阿拉伯国家在六日战争后虽签署停战协议,但依然正酝酿着随时开战。当114号班机于1时54分飞抵西奈半岛上空20,000呎时,以色列空军立即于两分钟后派出两架F-4战机升空调查及作出拦截。战机机师以目视留意著客机及机员,并以手击指示客机要跟从他们降落,之后又以摇动机翼方式要客机遵从战机指示,发现无效后又发射导弹警告客机。可是客机机长似乎而对这情景方寸大乱,竟不顾战机威胁而企图调头返回开罗。此举被以色列战机视为想逃跑,于是发射了一支追踪导弹,命中了客机机翼。
客机中弹后,并未立即解体,但中弹后的114号班机即时着火,导弹碎片严重损坏了客机控制面及液压系统,以及机翼结构。飞机高度亦立即急降,机长立即于沙漠上以机腹作紧急着陆,[3]但飞机于着陆过程中发生爆炸,机上的113人中,108人死亡。
事故之后
The copilot, who survived, later said that the flight crew knew the Israeli jets wanted them to land but relations between Israel and Libya then made them decide against following instructions.[2] The Libyan government stated that the attack occurred without warning despite what the copilot said.[2] Israel's air force stated that Flight 114 was a security threat, and that among the possible tasks it could have been undertaking was an aerial spy mission over the secret Israeli air base at Bir Gafgfa. [3]
The Israeli government also revealed that LN 114 had been shot down with the personal authorization of David Elazar, the Israeli Chief of Staff. Israel's argument was that given the heightened security situation and the erratic behavior of the jet's crew, the actions taken were prudent.[3] The United Nations did not take any action against Israel. The 30 member nations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) voted to censure Israel for the attack. The United States did not accept the reasoning given by Israel, and condemned the incident.[4]
其他
参考
- ^ http://www.airsafe.com/events/models/b727.htm List of 727 incidents.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Aerial intrusions by Civil and Military Aircraft in a Time of Peace Phelps, John Maj. Military Law Review Vol 107 Winter 1985 Page 288
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Aerial intrusions by Civil and Military Aircraft in a Time of Peace Phelps, John Maj. Military Law Review Vol 107 Winter 1985 Page 289
- ^ Aerial intrusions by Civil and Military Aircraft in a Time of Peace Phelps, John Maj. Military Law Review Vol 107 Winter 1985 Page 290