草稿:精神药物公约

《精神药物公约》是一项控制苯丙胺、LSD等精神药物的联合国公约，1971年2月21日于奧地利维也纳签署通过。1961年制定的《麻醉品单一公约》无法禁止新出现的精神类药物，它所禁止的只有有限的古柯、大麻及鴉片衍生物。

该公约界定了精神药物的范围，规定了精神药物的管制措施，并规定了对违反公约的处罚方法。

成员国

直到2018年2月,该公约共有184个缔约国。其中包括联合国中的182个国家, 以及 圣座 与 巴勒斯坦. 联合国中未在此条约中的11个国家分别为：东帝汶、赤道几内亚、海地、基里巴斯、利比里亚、瑙鲁、萨摩亚、所罗门群岛、南苏丹、图瓦卢与瓦努阿图。利比里亚已签署该条约，但尚未批准。

受管制物质附表

附表及其中现有物质的清单可在国际麻醉品管制局的网站上找到。

该条约包括了四份受管制物质的附表，从附表一（限制性最强）到附表四（限制性最低）。1971 年条约附有一份精神药物清单及其相应附表。条约的文本描述并未对每个附表中所包含的物质的特征进行正式描述,而不同的是，1970年的美国受管制物质法案则对美国体系下中的每个附表提供了具体的标准。The amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), a legal class of stimulants – not all of which are substituted amphetamines – were defined in the 1971 treaty and in subsequent revisions. A 2002 European Parliament report and a 1996 UNODC report on ATS describe the international Schedules as listed below.

• Schedule I includes drugs claimed to create a serious risk to public health, whose therapeutic value is not currently acknowledged by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. It includes isomers of THC, synthetic psychedelics such as LSD, and natural psychedelics like certain substituted tryptamines. ATS such as cathinone, MDA, and MDMA (ecstasy) also fall under this category.
• Schedule II includes certain ATS with therapeutic uses, such as delta-9-THC (including dronabinol, its synthetic form), amphetamine and methylphenidate.
• Schedule III includes barbiturate products with fast or average effects, which have been the object of serious abuse even though useful therapeutically, strongly sedative benzodiazepines like flunitrazepam and some analgesics like buprenorphine. The only ATS in this category is cathine.
• Schedule IV includes some weaker barbiturates like (phenobarbital) and other hypnotics, anxiolytic benzodiazepines (except flunitrazepam), and some weaker stimulants (such as modafinil and armodafinil). Over a dozen ATS are included in this category, including the substituted amphetamine phentermine.

A 1999 UNODC report notes that Schedule I is a completely different regime from the other three. According to that report, Schedule I mostly contains hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD that are produced by illicit laboratories, while the other three Schedules are mainly for licitly produced pharmaceuticals. The UNODC report also claims that the Convention's Schedule I controls are stricter than those provided for under the Single Convention, a contention that seems to be contradicted by the 2002 Senate of Canada and 2003 European Parliament reports.

Although estimates and other controls specified by the Single Convention are not present in the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the International Narcotics Control Board corrected the omission by asking Parties to submit information and statistics not required by the Convention, and using the initial positive responses from various organic drug producing states to convince others to follow. In addition, the Convention does impose tighter restrictions on imports and exports of Schedule I substances. A 1970 Bulletin on Narcotics report notes:

LSD, mescaline, etc., are controlled in a way which is more stringent than morphine under the narcotics treaties. Article 7, which sets down this regime, provides that such substances can only be moved in international trade when both exporter and importer are government authorities, or government agencies or institutions specially authorized for the purpose; in addition to this very rigid identification of supplier and recipient, in each case export and import authorization is also mandatory.