土耳其航空634號班機空難
| File:Tc thy tcthg.jpg 出事前的TC-THG | |
| 事件概要 | |
|---|---|
| 日期 | 2003年1月8日 |
| 摘要 | 可控飛行撞地，天氣不佳 |
| 地點 | 土耳其迪亞巴克爾機場附近 37°53′38″N 040°12′03″E / 37.89389°N 40.20083°E |
| 飞机概要 | |
| 机型 | 阿弗羅RJ100 |
| 營運者 | 土耳其航空 |
| 註冊編號 | TC-THG |
| 起飛地 | 土耳其伊斯坦堡阿塔圖爾克國際機場 |
| 目的地 | 土耳其迪亞巴克爾機場 |
| 乘客 | 75 |
| 機組人員 | 5 |
| 死亡 | 75 |
| 生還者 | 5 |
土耳其航空公司634班機是土耳其航空的一條從伊斯坦布爾阿塔圖爾克機場前往迪亞巴克爾機場的國內航班。2003年1月8日，一架機身編號TC-THG的阿弗羅RJ100執行此航班，在最後降落前墜毀在濃霧中。機上所有的5名機組人員和75的乘客中的70名乘客喪生[1]，5名乘客倖存下來的乘客也身受重傷。[2]
墜機經過
Having left Istanbul at 18:35 EET (16:35 UTC) for the nearly two-hour flight to Diyarbakır in south-eastern Turkey,[3] the pilots made en route navigation planning to execute a missed approach and alternate airport diversion if necessary in addition to the standard VOR-DME approach at a distance of around 70 nmi（130 km） from the airport before contacting the air traffic control.[2]
TK 634 reported to the airport's approach control at a distance of 8 nmi（15 km） that it had reached the initial approach fix (IAF). The control tower instructed the aircraft to continue the approach and to report when sufficient visual reference to the runway is obtained. This conversation was confirmed by the aircraft and the tower.[2]
Continuing to descend and approach, the aircraft reached its minimum descent altitude (MDA) at 2,800英尺（850米）. At this altitude, both pilots expressed that there was no visual reference to the runway.[2] The public/military airport was not equipped with instrument landing system.[4]
Conversation in the cockpit recorded by the CVR revealed that the commanding pilot was unable to identify the runway and the approach lighting system. He noticed what appeared to be the threshold of Runway 16, but nothing from the other runway.[2]
At 20:19 EET (18:19 UTC) on final approach to the Runway 34 in heavy fog, the TC-THG struck the ground, which has a slightly uphill slope of around 10%, with its mid underside of fuselage and undercarriage open. [2]
The crash site was located 900米（3,000英尺） from the threshold of the Runway 34 just in direction of the VOR and some 30米（98英尺） on the left side of the approach lighting system. At this time, the aircraft's speed was 131 kn（243 km/h）.[2]
Following the crash, the aircraft continued 200米（660英尺） as it disintegrated. The aircraft frame broke up in three major pieces, which caught fire and spread out in area of 800 m2（8,600 sq ft）.[5] An explosion occurred after the crash and most of the bodies were burnt due to the fire.[2]
Two pilots, three flight attendants and seventy passengers were killed at the crash. Six passengers survived, but with serious injures. An infant died the next day in the hospital.[2]
It was the worst accident involving a BAe-146, and third worst aircraft accident in Turkey at that time.[1]
Crew and passengers
The aircraft had a crew of 5 and 75 passengers of which ten were not Turkish. Six survived with serious injuries but one passenger, an infant, died the next morning.[6][7] Aboard: 80 (passengers:75 crew:5) Fatalities: 75 (passengers:71 crew:4)
Rescue operation
Personnel of the 2nd Tactical Air Force Command stationed at the Diyarbakır Air Base rushed to the crash site and transported the injured victims by ambulance to Diyarbakır State Hospital, Dicle University's Faculty of Medicine Hospital and Diyarbakır Military Hospital.[5]
Survivor's report
Aliye İl, a surviving passenger, told that during the landing phase the aircraft crashed with a very loud noise and broke up in pieces. She fell on a pile of hay not far from the burning wreckage. Then an explosion occurred and the hay she was laying on also caught fire. She tumbled down over to the field beside. She saw two men who had survived. Later, she was rescued and transported to a hospital by military personnel.[5]
Crash report
The crash investigation carried out by the Turkish Civil Aviation Authority concluded that:
- The pilots insisted on landing at the MDA of 2,800英尺（850米） despite insufficient visual reference to the runway and its environment,
- Bad weather conditions contributed to the cause of the accident.[2]
Aircraft
The aircraft, an Avro RJ100 with four Lycoming LF507-1F turbofan engines, was built by British Aerospace with manufacturer serial number E.3241, and made its first flight on March 4, 1994. It was owned by Trident Jet (Dublin) Limited.[2]
其他
參考
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Aircraft accident description. Aviation Safety Network. [December 28, 2008].
- ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Kaza Kırım (TC-THG 08.01.2003). Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü. October 25, 2004 [December 28, 2008] （Turkish）.
- ^ Turkish Airlines plane crashes, 75 dead, 5 survivors. CNN. January 8, 2003 [December 29, 2008].
- ^ Sadece 10 havalimanında ILS var. NTV MSNBC. January 9, 2003 [December 28, 2008] （Turkish）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Diyarbakır’da THY uçağı düştü. NTV MSNBC. January 9, 2003 [December 28, 2008] （Turkish）.
- ^ Scot killed in Turkey air crash. BBC. January 9, 2003 [December 28, 2008].
- ^ Diyarbakır'daki Uçak Kazasında Ölen 75 Kişiden 61'i Teşhis edildi. Haber Vitrini. [December 29, 2008].