巴基斯坦西北部戰爭
此條目需要擴充。 (2014年12月27日) |
巴基斯坦西北部戰爭 شمال مغرب پاکستان میں جنگ | |||||||
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反恐戰爭和阿富汗戰爭 (2001年)的一部分 | |||||||
當前的軍事形勢 | |||||||
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參戰方 | |||||||
巴基斯坦 |
與塔利班結盟的組織 與伊斯蘭國結盟的組織 | ||||||
指揮官與領導者 | |||||||
佩爾韋茲·穆沙拉夫 阿什法克·卡亞尼 阿西夫·阿里·扎爾達里 納瓦茲·謝里夫 馬姆努恩·海珊 阿里夫·艾維 拉希爾·謝里夫 卡馬爾·傑韋德·巴伊瓦 伊姆蘭·汗 Masood Aslam Tariq Khan Rao Qamar Suleman Tahir Rafique Butt Sanaullah Niazi † 比拉·奧瑪 † |
努爾·瓦利·馬哈蘇德 伊斯蘭國 Usman Ghazi † 托希爾·尤爾多什 † Najmiddin Jalolov † Abu Usman Adil † Mirzazhanov Atoyevich (負傷) | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
巴基斯坦 美國 UAV無人機 中央情報局特別活動中心特工 美國特種作戰部隊[25] |
~25,000 名巴基斯坦塔利班民兵[26] | ||||||
傷亡與損失 | |||||||
巴基斯坦: 美國: 15 名士兵被殺(2010)[34] |
29,398 名武裝分子被殺(根據 SATP)[31][32] 31,000 人被殺(根據沃森國際和公共事務研究所;到 2016 年年中)[33] | ||||||
9,394 名平民和 1,946 名身份不明的人被殺(根據 SATP)[31][32] 超過 344 萬平民流離失所(2009 年)[36] 超過 600 萬平民流離失所(2003-2019 年)[37] |
巴基斯坦西北部戰爭,亦稱瓦濟里斯坦戰爭,是指2004年至今,發生在巴基斯坦瓦濟里斯坦地區的武裝衝突,涉及巴基斯坦塔利班運動、伊斯蘭軍、執行先知法典運動、蓋達組織等武裝組織,以及有組織的犯罪[38][39][40]。
衝突始於2004年,源於巴基斯坦陸軍在瓦濟里斯坦山區(位於聯邦直轄部落地區)搜索蓋達組織戰士而造成的緊張局勢升級為武裝抵抗[41]。巴方的行動被認為是對國際反恐戰爭的貢獻[42][43]。2008年至2010年巴基斯坦軍方和與阿拉伯武裝分子結盟的中亞激進組織間爆發更多衝突[44][45]。外籍武裝分子得到西面阿富汗戰爭的巴基斯坦非軍人老兵加入,隨後成立了巴基斯坦塔利班運動及伊斯蘭軍等其他好戰組織。1992年成立的執行先知法典運動與巴基斯坦塔利班及伊斯蘭軍結盟。
2014年6月8日真納國際機場遭受武裝分子襲擊後,巴基斯坦政府在6月15日發起「利劍行動」,加強剿滅於該國西北部活動的武裝分子[46]。
傷亡及損失
[編輯]巴基斯坦加入美國領導的反恐戰爭,給本國經濟帶來深刻影響[47]。根據財政部的統計和數據搜集調查,作為「前線國家」,自2001年以來,經濟遭受直接和間接損失達679.3億美元[48][49]。根據財政部發行的《2010-2011年度巴基斯坦經濟調查報告》,「巴基斯坦的產值從未有過如此有毀滅性的社會和經濟動盪,甚至是1971年對印度直接宣戰[49]」。
巴基斯坦軍方公佈自2014年6月至2015年12月,有3,400名武裝分子在「利劍行動」中被殺,安全部隊則有488人死、1,914人受傷[50]。
注釋
[編輯]參考文獻
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The war in Pakistan, which began as Al Qaeda and the Taliban fled from Afghanistan into the northwest region of Pakistan in 2001, has caused almost 62,000 deaths and an additional 67,000 injuries.
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