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伊恩·麥基倫

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爵士
伊恩·麥基倫
CH CBE
麥基倫出席於2013年聖地亞哥國際漫畫展
出生伊恩·莫瑞·麥基倫（Ian Murray McKellen）
(1939-05-25) 1939年5月25日（85歲）[1]
 英國蘭開夏伯恩利
母校劍橋大學聖嘉芙蓮學院
職業男演員
活躍時期1958年至今
知名作品伊恩·麥基倫作品列表
伴侶
獎項Full list（英語：List of awards and nominations received by Ian McKellen）
網站www.mckellen.com

伊恩·麥基倫爵士CH CBE（Sir Ian Murray McKellen，1939年5月25日—）是一位英國男演員，演藝事業橫跨60個年頭，演出作品的類型涵蓋莎翁、奇幻作品和科幻。曾獲得不計其數的獎項（英語：Ian McKellen, roles and awards），包含七座羅蘭士·奧利花獎、一座東尼獎、一座金球獎和一座美國演員工會獎。他也兩度入圍奧斯卡金像獎、五度入圍Primetime Emmy Award、四度入圍BAFTA獎。麥基倫憑藉着在電影中扮演的角色享譽全球，如在《李察三世（英語：Richard III (1995 film)）》中飾演的李察三世、《魂斷夢工場》中的占士·惠爾、《變種特攻》系列電影中的磁力王，以及魔戒電影三部曲和哈比人電影三部曲中的甘道夫。

英國廣播公司（BBC）稱道，麥基倫的演出奠定了他在英國舞台劇和電影演員中的翹楚地位[2][3]。麥基倫拿過英國所有的重要戲劇獎項，因此被認定為英國的文化偶像（英語：List of cultural icons of England）[4][5]。他於1961年在Belgrade Theatre（英語：Belgrade Theatre）首演，成為該劇院備受矚目的成員之一，開啟職業演員生涯，1965年，麥基倫在西區劇院首次亮相，1969年受邀加入Prospect Theatre Company（英語：Prospect Theatre Company），主演莎劇《Richard II（英語：Richard II (play)）》和馬洛的《Edward II (play)（英語：Edward II (play)）》，進而確立了他身為英國最重要的古典劇演員的地位。1970年代，麥基倫成為皇家莎士比亞劇團和皇家國家劇院的台柱，1981年憑藉着在《Amadeus（英語：Amadeus (play)）》中飾演安東尼奧·薩列里的表現，首度入圍東尼獎並榮獲最佳舞台劇男演員獎（英語：Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play）。

在1991 New Year Honours（英語：1991 New Year Honours）上，麥基倫受封為下級勳位爵士，以表彰他對表演藝術的貢獻；2008年（英語：2008 New Year Honours）又憑藉着對戲劇和平等的付出得到名譽勳位[6][7][8][9]。麥基倫是已出櫃的男同性戀，自1988年一直公開着性傾向，並持續在全球倡導LGBT權利運動。2014年10月，麥基倫榮獲倫敦市自由勳章[10]。

早年與接受教育

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麥基倫於1939年5月25日出生於蘭開夏的伯恩利[11][12]，父親是Denis Murray McKellen，母親是Margery Lois（娘家姓Sutcliffe）。他是家裏的第二個孩子，有一個大他五歲的姊姊Jean[13]。二戰爆發前不久，麥基倫一家搬至威根，在當地住到麥基倫12歲為止。隨着父親被提拔，一家人於1951年搬家到博爾頓[13][14]。在戰爭時期度過童年的經驗對他有着持久的影響，他日後說道：「只有在和平恢復以後……我才意識到戰爭並不正常」 [14]。有採訪者稱麥基倫在九一一襲擊事件後看起來很冷靜，麥基倫回答道：「這個嘛，親愛的，你恐怕忘了——我在4歲以前都睡在鋼板底下呢。」[15]

麥基倫的父親是土木工程師[16]和平信徒傳教士，有愛爾蘭新教徒（英語：Protestantism in Ireland）和蘇格蘭人的血統[17]。麥基倫的兩個祖父都是傳教士，曾曾祖父James McKellen是巴利米納的一名「恪守教規的福音派新教牧師」[18]。他的成長環境基督教程度很高，但並非正統。「我的家教來自社會階級低、不恪守教規的基督徒，他們認為你只要在人前遵守着基督教禮節行事，就能在部分程度上過上基督徒人生」[19]。麥基倫12歲時，母親死於乳癌 ，24歲時父親去世。他曾向身為貴格會成員的繼母Gladys McKellen坦承他的同性戀傾向，日後他稱：「她不僅沒有為此驚慌，作為一個早在多年前就宣稱不在乎大眾性傾向的社群之成員，我想她單純是為我高興而已，因為我不再說謊話了。」[20]。麥基倫的另一個曾曾祖父Robert J. Lowes是活動家兼社運人士，在曼徹斯特成功爭取到週六半天假（現代週休二日的前身），因此得到「現代週休之祖」的稱號[21]。

麥基倫就讀於Bolton School（英語：Bolton School）的男校部門[22]，他至今仍持續支持着母校，定期會到學校與學生談話。麥基倫的演藝生涯開始於Bolton Little Theatre（英語：Bolton Little Theatre），現在他是這家劇院的投資人[23]。早期他着迷戲劇的原因在於父母的鼓勵，3歲時父母帶他去曼徹斯特的Opera House（英語：Manchester Opera House）觀賞《Peter Pan》，作為家庭出遊[13]。9歲時，他收到的聖誕大禮是從Pollocks Toy Theatres（英語：Pollock's Toy Museum）買來的可折疊維多利亞式劇院模型，以木頭和膠木（英語：Bakelite）製成，附有硬紙板做的佈景和鋼絲操作的仙杜瑞拉漢和羅蘭士·奧利花扮演的哈姆雷特的剪紙人物[13]

麥基倫第一次看莎劇是由姊姊Jean帶着他去，劇目是由Wigan's Little Theatre的業餘人士演出的《第十二夜》[24]，緊接着則是《馬克白》和Wigan High School女校部門的《A Midsummer Night's Dream》，音樂由費利克斯·孟德爾遜·巴托爾迪負責，Bottom一角由Jean飾演。Jean之後持續演出、導演和製作業餘戲劇，直到過世為止。[25]

1958年，18歲的麥基倫獲得劍橋大學聖嘉芙蓮學院提供的獎學金，進入學院就讀英國文學[26]。日後他也得到榮譽院士（英語：List of Honorary Fellows of St Catharine's College, Cambridge）的頭銜。就讀劍橋大學的3年內，麥基倫是Marlowe Society（英語：Marlowe Society）的一員，曾出演過23齣戲劇。儘管年紀輕輕，麥基倫已在一些舞台劇中展現出表演實力，例如1959年3月與Trevor Nunn（英語：Trevor Nunn）和Derek Jacobi同台演出的《Henry IV（英語：Henry IV, Part 2）》，當中他飾演Justice Shallow；飾演着Posthumus與Margaret Drabble（英語：Margaret Drabble）（飾演Imogen）對戲的《Cymbeline；以及《Doctor Faustus》[27][28][29]。在此時期，麥基倫已得到Peter Hall（英語：Peter Hall (director)）, John Barton（英語：John Barton (director)）和Dadie Rylands（英語：Dadie Rylands）等人的指導，對他未來的演藝生涯有重大的影響。

事業

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舞台劇

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1965-1969：舞台首秀和早期角色

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1981年舞台劇《Amadeus（英語：Amadeus (play)）》當中，麥基倫(飾演Antonio Salieri)與Jane Seymour (Constanze Mozart)共戲的畫面

1961年，麥基倫的首次職業演出在Belgrade Theatre（英語：Belgrade Theatre）上演，戲碼為《A Man for All Seasons（英語：A Man for All Seasons）》，麥基倫飾演當中的角色Roper。雖然此前麥基倫曾參與錄製Marlowe Society的《Cymbeline》廣播劇，並且進行商業販售，不過仍視《A Man for All Seasons》為麥基倫的出道作。[27][29]

為小地方的輪演劇團工作四年後，麥基倫迎來他在西區劇院的首次亮相，戲碼為《A Scent of Flowers》。這場演出被外界評為「醒目的成功」[27]。1965年，在舊維克劇場演出的羅蘭士·奧利花之國家戲劇公司讓麥基倫成為他們的一員，他因此得以在Chichester Festival（英語：Chichester Festival Theatre）上演出。為Prospect Theatre Company（英語：Prospect Theatre Company）效力期間，麥基倫於1969年在Edinburgh festival演出《Richard II》 (導演為Richard Cottrell（英語：Richard Cottrell）) 和Marlowe's 《Edward II》 (導演為Toby Robertson（英語：Toby Robertson）) ，前者為他的事業帶來突破，後者則因為描繪同性戀者愛德華聳人聽聞的死亡而引發批評風波[30]。

1970-1985：國家劇院演出和百老匯首秀

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進入1970年代，麥基倫已成為英國舞台劇圈的知名人物，經常在皇家莎士比亞劇團和皇家國家劇院演出，扮演過好幾位莎劇的主角。1973年至1974年，麥基倫在英國和Brooklyn Academy of Music（英語：Brooklyn Academy of Music）巡迴演出，飾演William Congreve喜劇《The Way of the World（英語：The Way of the World）》中的Lady Wishfort's Footman、Anton Chekov的三幕戲劇《The Wood Demon（英語：The Wood Demon (play)）》中的Kruschov和William Shakespeare悲劇《King Lear》中的Edgar。隔年麥基倫主演了Shakespeare的《King John》、George Colman（英語：George Colman the Elder）的《The Clandestine Marriage（英語：The Clandestine Marriage）》和George Bernard Shaw的《Too True to Be Good（英語：Too True to Be Good）》。1976年至1977年，麥基倫在Royal Shakespeare Theatre演出的莎劇《Romeo & Juliet》當中飾演羅密歐，隔年飾演《The Winter's Tale》的King Leontes（英語：Leontes） 。

1976年，麥基倫在莎劇《馬克白》中飾演馬克白，和茱迪·丹芝共擔主演，並首次與導演Trevor Nunn（英語：Trevor Nunn）合作。之後他也在Nunn導的另一齣莎劇《奧賽羅》中飾演Iago（英語：Iago）。[27]。1978年至1979年間，麥基倫進行一票兩部（英語：Double feature）的巡迴演出，劇目為莎劇《Twelfth Night》和Anton Chekov的《Three Sisters（英語：Three Sisters (play)）》，飾演的角色分別為Sir Toby Belch和Andrei。

1979年，麥基倫在Peter Shaffer舞台劇《Amadeus（英語：Amadeus (play)）》的Broadway轉製版當中飾演Antonio Salieri，與Tom Hulce和Jane Seymour同台，其表現贏得好評。《The New York Times》評論家Frank Rich（英語：Frank Rich）撰文評論麥基倫的演出：「在麥基倫的精湛演出之下，薩列里陷入瘋狂的過程被詮釋成暗黑的調調，令人毛骨悚然。」[31]。麥基倫因為《Amadeus》中的表現榮獲Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play（英語：Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play）。

1986-2001：百老匯和西區演出

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1986年，麥基倫回到百老匯，重演Anton Chekhov的《Wild Honey》，共戲演員有Kim Cattrall和Kate Burton（英語：Kate Burton (actress)）。此次的演出收穫褒貶不一的評價，《The New York Times》的Frank Rich（英語：Frank Rich）在文章中稱，麥基倫「氣勢十足且活躍的卓越演技把一切都做足了，或許只除了最重要的一件事情——持久的笑聲」，隨後也寫道「麥基倫先生發現了自己身處怪異的窘境，那就是堂堂一個大明星用盡全力在扮演單薄的配角」[32]。1989年他在Royal Shakespeare Company的《奧賽羅》中飾演Iago（英語：Iago）.

1990年至1992年，麥基倫在全球巡迴演出備受好評的《Richard III》，飾演主角李察三世。該劇在Brooklyn Academy of Music（英語：Brooklyn Academy of Music）演出過兩周，《New York Times》的Frank Rich評論道：「麥基倫對戲劇和樂趣的熟練手感，驅使他展現他是如何撥動被牽着走的觀眾的心弦，不論他有沒有對着觀眾獨白。」[33]麥基倫憑藉着在這齣戲中的演出得到Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor（英語：Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor）。

1992年，麥基倫參演由Pam Gems（英語：Pam Gems）在Royal National Theatre重新演繹的的Chekov之《Uncle Vanya（英語：Uncle Vanya）》，其他主演有Antony Sher（英語：Antony Sher）, and Janet McTeer。1993年至1997年，麥基倫巡迴演出一齣獨角戲，內容是關於男同性戀者出櫃。 The Los Angeles Times的Laurie Winer在評論中表示：「即使聽他講道的是觀念已經改變的人，麥克蘭仍讓咱們察覺到，在這舒適的劇院外，不容忍的力量是廣泛且強大的。麥基倫有天賦而且技藝精湛，他是一名天生的說故事家，一個值得欽佩的人，也是一位身體力行的社運人士」[34]。1997年至1998年，麥基倫主演了Henrik Ibsen劇作 An Enemy of the People的重演版，飾演Dr. Tomas Stockmann。同年晚些時候，麥基倫出演在West Yorkshire Playhouse（英語：West Yorkshire Playhouse）上演的Noël Coward 喜劇 Present Laughter（英語：Present Laughter），飾演Garry Essendine。

2001年，麥基倫重返百老匯舞台，出演在Broadhurst Theatre（英語：Broadhurst Theatre）上演的August Strindberg 劇作 《The Dance of Death（英語：The Dance of Death (Strindberg play)） 》，其他主演有 Helen Mirren, and David Strathairn。 《The New York Times》劇評家Ben Brantley（英語：Ben Brantley）盛讚麥基倫的演出。寫道：「[McKellen] returns to Broadway to serve up an Elysian concoction we get to sample too little these days: a mixture of heroic stage presence, actorly intelligence, and rarefied theatrical technique".[35] McKellen toured with the production at the Lyric Theatre in London's West End and to the Sydney Art's Festival in Australia.

2007-2021: Return to the theatre

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McKellen with Billy Crudup and Patrick Stewart at Sardi's（英語：Sardi's） promoting Waiting for Godot and No Man's Land（英語：No Man's Land (play)） (2013)

In 2007 he returned to the Royal Shakespeare Company, in productions of King Lear and The Seagull（英語：The Seagull）, both directed by Trevor Nunn（英語：Trevor Nunn）. In 2009 he appeared in a very popular revival of Waiting for Godot at London's Haymarket Theatre, directed by Sean Mathias（英語：Sean Mathias）, and playing opposite Patrick Stewart.[36][37] From 2013 to 2014 McKellen and Stewart starred in a double production of Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Harold Pinter's No Man's Land on Broadway at the Cort Theatre（英語：Cort Theatre）. Variety theatre critic Marilyn Stasio praised the dual production writing, "McKellen and Stewart find plenty of consoling comedy in two masterpieces of existential despair."[38] In both production of Stasio claims, "the two thespians play the parts they were meant to play."

He is Patron of English Touring Theatre（英語：English Touring Theatre） and also President and Patron of the Little Theatre Guild of Great Britain（英語：Little Theatre Guild of Great Britain）, an association of amateur theatre organisations throughout the UK.[39] In late August 2012, he took part in the opening ceremony（英語：2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony） of the London Paralympics, portraying Prospero（英語：Prospero） from The Tempest.[40]

In October 2017, McKellen played King Lear at Chichester Festival Theatre（英語：Chichester Festival Theatre）, a role which he said was likely to be his "last big Shakespearean part".[41] He performed the play at the Duke of York's Theatre in London's West End during the summer of 2018.[42][43] To celebrate his 80th birthday, in 2019 McKellen performed in a one man stage show titled Ian McKellen on Stage: With Tolkien, Shakespeare, Others and YOU（英語：Ian McKellen on Stage: With Tolkien, Shakespeare, Others and YOU） celebrating the various performances throughout his career. The show toured across the UK and Ireland (raising money for each venue and organisation's charity) before a West End run at the Harold Pinter Theatre and was performed for one night only on Broadway at the Hudson Theatre（英語：Hudson Theatre）.[44]

In 2021 he will play the title role in an age-blind production of Hamlet (having previously played the part in a UK and European tour in 1971), followed by playing Firs The Cherry Orchard at the Theatre Royal, Windsor（英語：Theatre Royal, Windsor）. He will also play the role of Firs in Chekov's The Cherry Orchard also at the Theatre Royal.[45][46]

電影

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1969-1989：大銀幕首秀

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1969年，麥基倫出演了三部電影：Michael Hayes（英語：Michael Hayes (director)）的《The Promise（英語：The Promise (1969 film)）》、Clive Donner（英語：Clive Donner）的史詩片Alfred the Great（英語：Alfred the Great (film)）和Waris Hussein（英語：Waris Hussein）的A Touch of Love（英語：A Touch of Love (1969 film)）。1981年，麥基倫在Christopher Miles（英語：Christopher Miles）導演的傳記片《Priest of Love（英語：Priest of Love）》中飾演作家兼詩人D. H. Lawrence，1983年在Michael Mann的恐怖片《The Keep（英語：The Keep (film)）》中出場。

1985年麥基倫參與劇情片《Plenty（英語：Plenty (film)）》的演出，該片改編自David Hare（英語：David Hare (playwright)）的同名舞台劇（英語：Plenty (play)），由Fred Schepisi（英語：Fred Schepisi）導演，同片演員包含Meryl Streep, Charles Dance, John Geilgud, and Sting等人。《芝加哥太陽報》的Roger Ebert在影評中稱讚了麥基倫一眾卡司：「這部電影呈現了一齣又一齣精采的獨角戲；絕大多數的重要時刻都發生在角色們對自己的場景掌握主導權的時候。」[47]1989年麥基倫出演了金棕櫚獎獲獎電影《Scandal（英語：Scandal (1989 film)）》，該片根據史實Profumo affair改編，主演為Joanne Whalley, and John Hurt，麥基倫飾演的角色是John Profumo。

1990-1998：《李察三世》和影評肯定

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1993年麥基倫參演電影《Six Degrees of Separation（英語：Six Degrees of Separation (film)）》，該片改編自曾入圍Pulitzer Prize and Tony Award的同名舞台劇（英語：Six Degrees of Separation (play)），同片演員有Will Smith, Donald Sutherland and Stockard Channing。電影在影評人之間獲得良好評價。同年他也在西部片《The Ballad of Little Jo（英語：The Ballad of Little Jo）》中和Bob Hoskins對戲，並參與了Arnold Schwarzenegger主演的動作喜劇片《Last Action Hero（英語：Last Action Hero）》。隔年他參演Alec Baldwin主演的超級英雄電影《The Shadow（英語：The Shadow (1994 film)）》，以及James L. Brooks 導演的喜劇片《I'll Do Anything（英語：I'll Do Anything）》，主演是Nick Nolte。

麥基倫在《Richard III（英語：Richard III (1995 film)）》首度操刀劇本，該片改編自同名莎劇，導演為Richard Loncraine（英語：Richard Loncraine）.[48][49]。電影將劇情原封不動搬移到1930年的英國，McKellen飾演登基為王李察三世，身處宮廷鬥爭的漩渦中心。其他演員包含Annette Bening, Robert Downey Jr., Jim Broadbent, Kristen Scott Thomas, Nigel Hawthorne and Dame Maggie Smith等人。麥基倫身兼執行監製之一，為了完成電影尾聲的戰鬥橋段，他將5萬英鎊的片酬退還給劇組[50]。In his review of the film, 《The Washington Post》的影評人Hal Hinson形容麥基倫的演出是「致命的，如同耀眼光芒的具現化身一般」，並稱麥基倫「華麗的控場能力……支配了一切」[51]。《Chicago Sun-Times》影評人Roger Ebert稱讚了麥基倫執筆的改編劇本和演出：「麥基倫對劇作家深感同情……他帶給莎翁筆下最受盡苦難的反派一股惡意，使我們心生動搖，為他們感到遺憾。沒有人活該那麼壞又有自知之明。希特拉和其他些人壞多了，可是他們自己不這麼想。理查，他根本無處可逃。他是這齣劇裏第一批有自我覺察的角色，而為此他肯定得付出代價。」[52]。麥基倫飾演李察三世的表現讓他入圍BAFTA獎最佳男主角和金球獎最佳戲劇類電影男主角 ，並贏得歐洲電影獎最佳男主角殊榮。他所撰寫的劇本獲得BAFTA獎最佳改編劇本（英語：BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay）提名。同樣在1995年，麥基倫在歷史劇情片《Restoration（英語：Restoration (1995 film)）》和浪漫喜劇片《Jack and Sarah（英語：Jack and Sarah）》中出場，前者的主演是《李察三世》的卡司之一羅拔·唐尼，後者的陣容則有Richard E. Grant, Samantha Mathis, and Dame Judi Dench。

1998年，麥基倫在Bryan Singer導演的《Apt Pupil》當中擔綱主演，該片改編自Stephen King執筆的同名短篇小說[53]。麥基倫飾演的角色是一名以化名在美國生活的逃亡納粹軍官，因為祕密被好奇心十足的少年(Brad Renfro)發現，少年威脅他如果不把他的故事一五一十說出來，就要告發他。同一年麥基倫也主演了Bill Condon導演的時代劇《Gods and Monsters》，飾演電影《Frankenstein》的導演James Whale，並因此入圍奧斯卡最佳男主角獎，最終輸給《Life is Beautiful》的Roberto Benigni[26]。

2000-2007：《魔戒》和《變種特攻》

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2003年12月1日，麥基倫出席在New ZealandWellington舉辦的《The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King》全球首映禮

1999年，麥基倫再度與導演Bryan Singer合作，在2000年上映的漫威漫畫改編超級英雄電影《X-Men》中飾演超級反派Magneto。他之後也繼續在兩部續集《X2: X-Men United》(2003)和《X-Men: The Last Stand》 (2006)中扮演同個角色[26]。

在拍攝第一部《變種特攻》的同時，麥基倫也被選為史詩小說《魔戒》三部曲電影版的演員之一，飾演巫師Gandalf。電影三部曲皆由Peter Jackson導演，分別為The Fellowship of the Ring（2001）, The Two Towers（2002）, and The Return of the King（2003）。在《The Fellowship of the Ring》中的演出使麥基倫獲得Screen Actors Guild（英語：Screen Actors Guild）的最佳配角獎肯定，並得以角逐奧斯卡最佳男配角，不過最終勝出的是《Iris（英語：Iris (2001 film)）》的吉姆·布勞德本特。麥基倫也在幾款改編自《魔戒》電影的遊戲裏頭幫甘道夫配音[54]。

2007年，麥基倫擔任浪漫奇幻片《Stardust》的旁白，主演有Charlie Cox and Claire Danes，上映後叫好又叫座。同年麥基倫也幫《The Golden Compass》中的the armored bear Iorek Byrnison配音，該片改編自Philip Pullman 小說《 Northern Lights》，由Chris Weitz導演，主演為Nicole Kidman和 Daniel Craig。電影上映後口碑褒貶不一，不過票房開出紅盤。

2012-2019：《哈比人》和續演《變種特攻》

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麥基倫在《魔戒》前傳《哈比人》的電影版三部曲中回歸飾演甘道夫。電影三部曲依舊由彼德·積遜導演，分別是《The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey》 (2012), 《The Hobbit: Desolation of Smaug》 (2013),和 《The Hobbit: The Battle of Five Armies》 (2014).[55]。《哈比人》三部曲的評價不如《魔戒》，不過票房依舊成功。麥基倫也回歸在《變種特攻》系列電影新作《The Wolverine》 (2013)和 《X-Men: Days of Future Past》 (2014)中飾演磁力王. 在《未來昔日》中，麥基倫和在《X-Men: First Class》中飾演年輕版磁力王的Michael Fassbender一同演出[56]。

2015年，麥基倫繼《魂斷夢工場》之後再次與導演Bill Condon合作，與Laura Linney一同主演電影《Mr. Holmes》，飾演垂垂老矣的Sherlock Holmes。電影情節改編自小說《A Slight Trick of the Mind（英語：A Slight Trick of the Mind）》 (2005)，講述已經9歲的福爾摩斯因為頭腦逐漸退化，因此努力想回憶起他辦的最後一件案子的細節。該片在65th Berlin International Film Festival上首映，麥基倫做為主演的表現廣受好評。《Rolling Stone》的影評人Peter Travers在影評中稱讚麥基倫對福爾摩斯的詮釋無疑是令人讚嘆的，而Bill Condon帶來的這番人物鑽研也相當引人入勝[57]。

2015年4月10日，據報道，麥基倫將在迪士尼動畫片美女與野獸的真人電影版中飾演葛士華[58]。此次也是他和坎登的第三次合作，電影於2017年上映並取得成功。2018年10月30日宣佈麥基倫將主演Kenneth Branagh導演的歷史劇情片《All is True（英語：All is True (film)）》，飾演 Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton（英語：Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton），與Branagh and Judi Dench對戲[59][60]。2019年麥基倫第四度和坎登合作，與Helen Mirren攜手主演懸疑驚慄片《The Good Liar》，兩人在銀幕上擦出的火花得到影評青睞[61]。2018年That same year he appeared as Gus the Theatre Cat（英語：Gus: The Theatre Cat） in the ill fated movie musical adaptation of Cats directed by Tom Hooper. The film featured performances from Jennifer Hudson, James Corden, Rebel Wilson, Idris Elba, and Judi Dench. The film was widely mocked for its poor visual effects, editing, performance and was a box office disaster.[62]

電視劇

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1966-1981：電視劇首秀

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1966年，麥基倫出演改編自小說《David Copperfield'》的同名BBC片集（英語：David Copperfield (1966 TV serial)），飾演主角David Copperfield。首播時的觀看人數達到1200萬[63]，不過如今13集當中有9集已經佚失[64]。自1969年演出電影《A Touch of Love（英語：A Touch of Love (1969 film)）》後，麥基倫開始接電影片約，1980年得到他的首份主演工作，在傳記片《Priest of Love（英語：Priest of Love）》中飾演D. H. Lawrence[65]。不過一直到1990年代，麥基倫才開始因為演出幾部荷里活大片得到更廣大的認可[26]

1990-1999：HBO企劃和獎項肯定

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1993年，麥基倫在友人Armistead Maupin小說改編的miniseries《Tales of the City（英語：Tales of the City (1993 miniseries)）》中飾演幾個小角色。同年晚些，麥基倫參演的HBO電視電影《And the Band Played On》播出，該片根據同名小說（英語：And the Band Played On）改編，講述人類對愛滋病毒的發現。麥基倫在電影中飾演男同性戀權利運動家Bill Kraus（英語：Bill Kraus），優秀演出使他榮獲CableACE獎（英語：CableACE Award）最佳電影或迷你劇男配角，並入圍Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie（英語：Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor – Miniseries or a Movie）[66] 。

1995年，麥基倫主演BBC的喜劇電視電影《'Cold Comfort Farm（英語：Cold Comfort Farm (film)）》，與Kate Beckinsale, Rufus Sewell, and Stephen Fry同台。The following year he starred as Tsar Nicholas II in the HBO made for television movie Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny（英語：Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny） (1996) starring Alan Rickman as Rasputin. For his performance McKellen earned a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie nomination and received a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film（英語：Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film） win.

McKellen appeared as Mr Creakle in the BBC series David Copperfield（英語：David Copperfield (1999 film)） based on the Charles Dickens classic novel. The miniseries starred a pre-Harry Potter Daniel Radcliffe, Bob Hoskins, Jude Law and Dame Maggie Smith.

2003-2017: Dramas, Guest roles and Sitcom

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On 16 March 2002, he hosted Saturday Night Live. In 2003, McKellen made a guest appearance as himself on the American cartoon show The Simpsons in a special British-themed episode entitled "The Regina Monologues（英語：The Regina Monologues）", along with the then UK Prime Minister Tony Blair and author J. K. Rowling. In April and May 2005, he played the role of Mel Hutchwright in Granada Television's long running British soap opera, Coronation Street, fulfilling a lifelong ambition. He narrated Richard Bell（英語：Richard Bell (director)）'s film Eighteen as a grandfather who leaves his World War II memoirs on audio-cassette for his teenage grandson.

McKellen at the 2007 BAFTA Awards

McKellen has appeared in limited release films, such as Emile（英語：Emile (film)） (which was shot in three weeks following the X2 shoot),[67] Neverwas（英語：Neverwas） and Asylum（英語：Asylum (2005 film)）. He appeared as Sir Leigh Teabing in The Da Vinci Code. During a 17 May 2006 interview on The Today Show with the Da Vinci Code cast and director Ron Howard, Matt Lauer（英語：Matt Lauer） posed a question to the group about how they would have felt if the film had borne a prominent disclaimer that it is a work of fiction, as some religious groups wanted.[68] McKellen responded, "I've often thought the Bible should have a disclaimer in the front saying 'This is fiction.' I mean, walking on water? It takes... an act of faith. And I have faith in this movie—not that it's true, not that it's factual, but that it's a jolly good story." He continued, "And I think audiences are clever enough and bright enough to separate out fact and fiction, and discuss the thing when they've seen it".[68] McKellen appeared in the 2006 BBC series of Ricky Gervais' comedy series Extras（英語：Extras (TV series)）, where he played himself directing Gervais' character Andy Millman（英語：Andy Millman） in a play about gay lovers. McKellen received a 2007 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor – Comedy Series（英語：Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor – Comedy Series） nomination for his performance. In 2009 he portrayed Number Two in The Prisoner（英語：The Prisoner (2009 miniseries)）, a remake of the 1967 cult series The Prisoner.[69] In November 2013, McKellen appeared in the Doctor Who 50th anniversary comedy homage The Five(ish) Doctors Reboot（英語：The Five(ish) Doctors Reboot）.[70]

From 2013 to 2016 McKellen co-starred in the ITV sitcom Vicious as Freddie Thornhill, alongside Derek Jacobi. The series revolves around an elderly gay couple who have been together for 50 years.[71][72] The show’s original title was 「Vicious Old Queens.」 There are ongoing jokes about McKellen’s career as a relatively unsuccessful character actor who owns a tux because he stole it after doing a guest spot on 「Downton Abbey」 and that he holds the title of 「10th Most Popular 『Doctor Who』 Villain.」 Liz Shannon Miller of IndieWire noted while the concept seemed, "weird as hell", that "Once you come to accept McKellen and Jacobi in a multi-camera format, there is a lot to respect about their performances; specifically, the way that those decades of classical training adapt themselves to the sitcom world. Much has been written before about how the tradition of the multi-cam, filmed in front of a studio audience, relates to theater, and McKellen and Jacobi know how to play to a live crowd."[73]

In October 2015, McKellen appeared as Norman to Anthony Hopkins' Sir in a BBC Two production of Ronald Harwood's The Dresser（英語：The Dresser (2015 film)）, alongside Edward Fox, Vanessa Kirby, and Emily Watson.[74] Television critic Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter praised the film and the central performances writing, "there’s no escaping that Hopkins and McKellen are the central figures here, giving wonderfully nuanced performances, onscreen together for their first time in their acclaimed careers."[75] For his performance McKellen received a British Academy Television Award nomination for his performance.

In 2017, McKellen appeared in the documentary McKellen: Playing the Part, directed by director Joe Stephenson. The documentary explores McKellen's life and career as an actor.

個人生活

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1964年，麥基倫結交了第一個同性伴侶Brian Taylor，他是來自Bolton的歷史教師[76]。兩人的交往關係持續8年，於1972年結束。兩人居住在倫敦，麥基倫之後也繼續在該地從事演員工作。十多年來，麥基倫都住在LimehouseNarrow Street（英語：Narrow Street）上一間改建成維多利亞式的五層樓房屋[77]。1978年，麥基倫在Edinburgh Festival（英語：Edinburgh Festival）上首遇他的第二任同性伴侶Sean Mathias（英語：Sean Mathias）。兩人於1988年分手，據Mathias所說，這段關係其實頗不平穩，原因在於麥基倫事業得意而他欠缺成功形成的矛盾。兩人保持朋友關係，多年後的2009年時，Mathias指導麥基倫在Theatre Royal Haymarket演出《Waiting for Godot》。麥基倫和Mathias也和Evgeny Lebedev（英語：Evgeny Lebedev）結成商業夥伴，買下Narrow Street上一間英式酒吧The Grapes（英語：The Grapes, Limehouse）。[78]

麥基倫是無神論者[79]。1980年代末，麥基倫對除了魚以外的所有肉類失去食慾，從此以魚素主義飲食為主[80]。2001年，麥基倫獲得法國World Award的Artist Citizen獎肯定[81]。

麥基倫的肩上有刺青，圖樣是精靈語裏的數字「9」，象徵他對《魔戒》電影的參與，以及身為魔戒遠征隊九名初始成員之一的演員。圖樣取自《魔戒》原著作者J. R. R. Tolkien所寫的Tengwar文字的造字腳本（英語：constructed script）。其他遠征隊成員的演員(Elijah Wood, Sean Astin, Orlando Bloom, Billy Boyd, Sean Bean, Dominic Monaghan and Viggo Mortensen)也有同款的刺青。John Rhys-Davies也是初始遠征隊成員的演員，不過他安排替身演員代替他刺上[82]。

2006年，麥基倫被診斷出患有前列腺癌[83]。2012年，他在個人部落格上表示：「沒什麼好驚慌的。我定期接受檢查，癌症已經得到控制。我已不需要任何治療。」[84]

2013年初，麥基倫成為Universal Life Church（英語：Universal Life Church）的受命教長[85]，以主持好友兼《變種特攻》共同主演柏德烈·史釗活與歌手Sunny Ozell（英語：Sunny Ozell）的婚禮 [86]。

2014年6月18日，Cambridge University授予麥基倫榮譽文學博士學位[87]。2014年10月30日，麥基倫獲頒倫敦市自由人頭銜，頒獎典禮在倫敦市政廳舉行。提名麥基倫的人是倫敦市長Fiona Woolf（英語：Fiona Woolf），選擇麥基倫的原因在於他是個「無與倫比的演員」和「孜孜不倦地平等運動人士」[88]。麥基倫也是母校St Catherine's College, Oxford榮譽院士（英語：List of Honorary Fellows of St Catharine's College, Cambridge）的一員[89]。

社會運動

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LGBT權益

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McKellen at Manchester Pride（英語：Manchester Pride） 2010

While McKellen had made his sexual orientation known to fellow actors early on in his stage career, it was not until 1988 that he came out to the general public, in a programme on BBC Radio.[90] The context that prompted McKellen's decision—overriding any concerns about a possible negative effect on his career—was that the controversial Section 28 of the Local Government Bill, known simply as Section 28（英語：Section 28）, was then under consideration in the British Parliament.[26] Section 28 proposed prohibiting local authorities from promoting homosexuality "... as a kind of pretended family relationship".[91] McKellen became active in fighting the proposed law, and, during a BBC Radio 3（英語：BBC Radio 3） programme where he debated Section 28 with the conservative journalist Peregrine Worsthorne（英語：Peregrine Worsthorne）, came out as gay.[26][92] McKellen has stated that he was influenced in his decision by the advice and support of his friends, among them noted gay author Armistead Maupin.[26] In a 1998 interview that discusses the 29th anniversary of the Stonewall riots, McKellen commented,

I have many regrets about not having come out earlier, but one of them might be that I didn't engage myself in the politicking.[93]

He has said of this period:

My own participating in that campaign was a focus for people [to] take comfort that if Ian McKellen was on board for this, perhaps it would be all right for other people to be as well, gay and straight.[19]

Section 28 was, however, enacted and remained on the statute books until 2000 in Scotland and 2003 in England and Wales. Section 28 never applied in Northern Ireland.

In 2003, during an appearance on Have I Got News For You, McKellen claimed when he visited Michael Howard, then Environment Secretary（英語：Secretary of State for the Environment） (responsible for local government), in 1988 to lobby against Section 28, Howard refused to change his position but did ask him to leave an autograph for his children. McKellen agreed, but wrote, "Fuck off, I'm gay."[94] McKellen described Howard's junior ministers, Conservatives David Wilshire（英語：David Wilshire） and Dame Jill Knight（英語：Jill Knight, Baroness Knight of Collingtree）, who were the architects of Section 28, as the 'ugly sisters' of a political pantomime.[95]

McKellen at Europride 2003 in Manchester

McKellen has continued to be very active in LGBT rights efforts. In a statement on his website regarding his activism, the actor commented that:

I have been reluctant to lobby on other issues I most care about—nuclear weapons (against), religion (atheist), capital punishment (anti), AIDS (fund-raiser) because I never want to be forever spouting, diluting the impact of addressing my most urgent concern; legal and social equality for gay people worldwide.[96]

McKellen is a co-founder of Stonewall（英語：Stonewall (UK)）, an LGBT rights lobby group in the United Kingdom, named after the Stonewall riots.[97] McKellen is also patron of LGBT History Month（英語：LGBT History Month）,[98] Pride London（英語：Pride London）, Oxford Pride, GAY-GLOS, LGBT Foundation（英語：LGBT Foundation (UK)）,[99] and FFLAG（英語：FFLAG） where he appears in their video "Parents Talking".[100]

In 1994, at the closing ceremony of the Gay Games, he briefly took the stage to address the crowd, saying, "I'm Sir Ian McKellen, but you can call me Serena": This nickname, given to him by Stephen Fry, had been circulating within the gay community since McKellen's knighthood was conferred.[19] In 2002, he was the Celebrity Grand Marshal of the San Francisco Pride Parade[101] and he attended the Academy Awards with his then-boyfriend, New Zealander Nick Cuthell. In 2006, McKellen spoke at the pre-launch of the 2007 LGBT History Month in the UK, lending his support to the organisation and its founder, Sue Sanders（英語：Sue Sanders）.[98] In 2007, he became a patron of The Albert Kennedy Trust（英語：The Albert Kennedy Trust）, an organisation that provides support to young, homeless and troubled LGBT people.[97]

In 2006, he became a patron of Oxford Pride, stating:

I send my love to all members of Oxford Pride, their sponsors and supporters, of which I am proud to be one... Onlookers can be impressed by our confidence and determination to be ourselves and gay people, of whatever age, can be comforted by the occasion to take the first steps towards coming out and leaving the closet forever behind.[102]

McKellen has taken his activism internationally, and caused a major stir in Singapore, where he was invited to do an interview on a morning show and shocked the interviewer by asking if they could recommend him a gay bar; the programme immediately ended.[103] In December 2008, he was named in Out's annual Out 100 list.[104]

In 2010, McKellen extended his support for Liverpool's Homotopia festival（英語：Homotopia Liverpool (festival)） in which a group of gay and lesbian Merseyside teenagers helped to produce an anti-homophobia campaign pack for schools and youth centres across the city.[105] In May 2011, he called Sergey Sobyanin, Moscow's mayor, a "coward" for refusing to allow gay parades in the city.[106]

In 2014, he was named in the top 10 on the World Pride Power list.[107]

Charity work

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In April 2010, along with actors Brian Cox and Eleanor Bron（英語：Eleanor Bron）, McKellen appeared in a series of TV advertisements to support Age UK（英語：Age UK）, the charity recently formed from the merger of Age Concern（英語：Age Concern） and Help the Aged（英語：Help the Aged）. All three actors gave their time free of charge.[108]

A cricket fan since childhood, McKellen umpired in March 2011 for a charity cricket match in New Zealand to support earthquake victims of the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake.[109][110]

McKellen is an honorary board member for the New York- and Washington, D.C.-based organization Only Make Believe.[111] Only Make Believe creates and performs interactive plays in children's hospitals and care facilities. He was honoured by the organisation in 2012[112] and hosted their annual Make Believe on Broadway Gala in November 2013.[113] He garnered publicity for the organisation by stripping down to his Lord of the Rings underwear on stage.

McKellen also has a history of supporting individual theatres. While in New Zealand filming The Hobbit in 2012, he announced a special New Zealand tour "Shakespeare, Tolkien, and You!", with proceeds going to help save the Isaac Theatre Royal（英語：Isaac Theatre Royal）, which suffered extensive damage during the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. McKellen said he opted to help save the building as it was the last theatre he played in New Zealand (Waiting for Godot in 2010) and the locals' love for it made it a place worth supporting.[114] In July 2017, he performed a new one-man show for a week at Park Theatre (London)（英語：Park Theatre (London)）, donating the proceeds to the theatre.[115]

Together with a number of his Lord of the Rings co-stars (plus writer Philippa Boyens and director Peter Jackson), on 1 June 2020 McKellen joined Josh Gad's YouTube series Reunited Apart which reunites the cast of popular movies through video-conferencing, and promotes donations to non-profit charities.[116]

Other work

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A friend of Ian Charleson（英語：Ian Charleson） and an admirer of his work, McKellen contributed an entire chapter to For Ian Charleson: A Tribute.[117] A recording of McKellen's voice is heard before performances at the Royal Festival Hall, reminding patrons to ensure their mobile phones and watch alarms are switched off and to keep coughing to a minimum.[118][119] He also took part in the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony（英語：2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony） in London as Prospero（英語：Prospero） from Shakespeare's The Tempest.[40]

Acting credits

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主條目：Ian McKellen on screen and stage

Accolades and honours

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主條目：List of awards and nominations received by Ian McKellen
The hands of McKellen on a 1999 Gods and Monsters plaque in London's Leicester Square

McKellen has received two Academy Award nominations for his performances in Gods and Monsters (1999), and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001). He has also received 5 Primetime Emmy Award nominations. McKellen has received two Tony Award nominations winning for Best Actor in a Play（英語：Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play） for his performance in Amadeus（英語：Amadeus (play)） in 1981. He has also received 12 Laurence Olivier Awards nominations winning 6 awards for his performances in Pillars of the Community（英語：The Pillars of Society） (1977), The Alchemist（英語：The Alchemist (play)） (1978), Bent（英語：Bent (play)） (1979), Wild Honey（英語：Wild Honey (play)） (1984), Richard III (1991), and Ian McKellen on Stage: With Tolkien, Shakespeare, Others and YOU（英語：Ian McKellen on Stage: With Tolkien, Shakespeare, Others and YOU） (2020).

He has also received various honorary awards including Pride International Film Festival（英語：Pride International Film Festival）'s Lifetime Achievement & Distinction Award in 2004, Olivier Awards's Society's Special Award（英語：Society of London Theatre Special Award） in 2006. He also received Evening Standard Awards（英語：Evening Standard Awards） The Lebedev Special Award（英語：Evening Standard Awards） in 2009. The following year he received an Empire Award's Empire Icon Award（英語：Empire Icon Award）[120] In 2017 he received the Honorary Award from the Istanbul International Film Festival（英語：Istanbul International Film Festival）.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Monitor. Entertainment Weekly (1208) (Time Inc.). 2012-05-25: 21. 
  2. ^ Jackson, George. Nesbitt does the honours as fellow actor McKellen gets Ulster degree. Irish Independent (Independent News & Media（英語：Independent News & Media）). 2013-02-04 [2013-02-04]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-24）. McKellen is recognised as one of the greatest living actors. 
  3. ^ Sir Ian McKellen receives award from University of Ulster. BBC News (BBC). 2013-02-03 [2013-02-03]. （原始內容存檔於2013-02-06）. [O]ne of the greatest actors on stage and screen [...] Sir Ian's performances have guaranteed him a place in the canon of English stage and film actors 
  4. ^ British Actor Ian Mckellen in China for Shakespeare on Film. British Council. 2016-11-13 [2016-11-13]. （原始內容存檔於2016-11-14）. 
  5. ^ Thirty of the very best of British. The Telegraph. 2016-11-13 [2018-04-03]. （原始內容存檔於2018-04-09）. 
  6. ^ 第47888號憲報. 倫敦憲報 (Supplement). 1979-06-26. 
  7. ^ 第52382號憲報. 倫敦憲報 (Supplement). 1990-12-28. 
  8. ^ Sir Ian McKellen. Cinema.com. [2011-07-18]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-01）. 
  9. ^ 第58557號憲報. 倫敦憲報 (Supplement). 2007-12-29. 
  10. ^ Ian McKellen receives Freedom of the City award for gay rights activism. The Independent. 2014-10-31 [2018-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-27）. 
  11. ^ Barratt 2006，第1頁.
  12. ^ Stern/CompuWeb, Keith. Sir Ian McKellen Personal Bio – Prior to launch of his website. www.mckellen.com. [2018-11-23]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-09）. 
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  20. ^ Adams, Stephen. McKellen about his stepmother. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2009-11-30 [2014-01-08]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-01）. 
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  32. ^ THEATER: MCKELLEN IN 'WILD HONEY'. The New York Times. [2021-06-18]. 
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  35. ^ THEATER REVIEW; To Stay Alive, Snipe, Snipe. The New York Times. [2021-06-18]. 
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  37. ^ Wolf, Matt. McKellen and Stewart Deliver a 'Godot' With a Difference. The New York Times. 2009-05-07 [2009-07-08]. 
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  40. ^ 40.0 40.1 Paralympics: Games opening promises 'journey of discovery'. BBC News. 2012-08-29 [2018-06-20]. （原始內容存檔於2012-08-29）. 
  41. ^ Sir Ian McKellen says King Lear is his 'last big Shakespeare part'. BBC News. 2017-10-07 [2018-06-20]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-30）. 
  42. ^ Ian McKellen to play King Lear in London's West End this summer. LondonTheatre.co.uk. 2018-02-08 [2018-02-08]. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-14）. 
  43. ^ Willmott, Phil. Don't miss Sir Ian McKellen as King Lear. LondonBoxOffice.co.uk. 2018-02-09 [2018-02-09]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-09）. 
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  45. ^ Ian McKellen Joins HAMLET and THE CHERRY ORCHARD at Theatre Royal Windsor. Theatreworld. [2021-06-18]. 
  46. ^ Ian McKellen's long-awaited return as Hamlet set for June. The Guardian（英語：The Guardian (website)）. [2021-06-18]. 
  47. ^ Plenty movie review. Rogerebert.com. [2021-06-17]. 
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  52. ^ Richard III - Movie Review. Rogerebert.com. [2021-06-17]. 
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  56. ^ Keyes, Rob. Patrick Stewart & Ian McKellen Join 'X-Men: Days of Future Past'. Screenrant. 2012-11-27 [2012-11-28]. （原始內容存檔於2012-11-28）. 
  57. ^ Mr. Holmes - Movie Review. Rolling Stone. [2021-06-17]. 
  58. ^ Kroll, Justin. Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast'. Variety. 2015-04-10 [2015-04-11]. （原始內容存檔於2015-04-11）. 
  59. ^ Kenneth Branagh's William Shakespeare Movie Lands at Sony Classics. Thewrap.com. 30 October 2018 [31 October 2018]. 
  60. ^ Shoard, Catherine. Kenneth Branagh and Judi Dench to star as Shakespeare and wife in Oscar-tipped film. The Guardian. 1 November 2018 [1 November 2018]. 
  61. ^ Archived copy. [2019-09-22]. （原始內容存檔於2019-09-22）. 
  62. ^ Wiseman, Andreas. Jennifer Hudson, Taylor Swift, James Corden & Ian McKellen Line Up For 'Cats' Movie – Miaow. Deadline. 2018-07-20 [2019-02-21]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-20）. 
  63. ^ Papers by command (HMSO). 1966, 23: 21.  缺少或|title=為空 (幫助)
  64. ^ December delights. M2 Presswire. 26 October 1995. 
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  68. ^ 68.0 68.1 Ian McKellen Unable to Suspend Disbelief While Reading the Bible.. [2006-05-20]. （原始內容存檔於2006-06-14）.  無效|url-status=bot: unknown (幫助) Us Weekly. 17 May 2006.
  69. ^ Wilson, Benji. The Prisoner: remake of a 1960s TV classic. The Sunday Times (London). 2010-04-11 [2010-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2011-06-15）. 
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  72. ^ 'Vicious' renewed for second series by ITV, 'Job Lot' moving to ITV2. Digital Spy. 2013-08-23 [2013-09-07]. （原始內容存檔於2013-09-11）. 
  73. ^ Review: ‘Vicious’ Is a Real TV Show, We Promise, And It’s Weird as Hell. IndieWire. [2021-06-17]. 
  74. ^ Ian McKellen: 'Working with Anthony Hopkins was bliss'. Bbc.co.uk. BBC News. 2015-10-31 [2015-10-31]. （原始內容存檔於2015-10-30）. 
  75. ^ The Dresser: TV Review. The Hollywood Reporter. [2021-06-17]. 
  76. ^ Ian McKellen profile at Tiscali. Tiscali Film and TV. [2005-04-11]. （原始內容存檔於2005-02-17）. 
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  78. ^ "The Grapes History 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2011-11-06.", thegrapes.co.uk.
  79. ^ Famous atheists and their beliefs. cnn.com. [2015-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-01）. 
  80. ^ Correspondence with Ian McKellen – Vegetarianism 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2009-01-02. from Ian McKellen Official Website. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
  81. ^ "Artist winners Prize Citizen of the World" 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2015-04-18.. Institut Citoyen du Cinéma
  82. ^ The stars of The Lord of the Rings trilogy reach their journey's end. SciFi.com. [2007-05-31]. （原始內容存檔於2007-03-06）. 
  83. ^ Noah, Sherna. Sir Ian McKellen speaks of prostate cancer shock. The Independent (London). 2012-12-11 [2013-08-05]. （原始內容存檔於2013-09-13）. 
  84. ^ Gwynedd, Myrddin. Ian McKellen clarifies prostate cancer reports. The New Zealand Herald (APN New Zealand). 2012-12-14 [2014-09-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-03）. 
  85. ^ Patrick Stewart's Wedding and Ian McKellen. TIME.com. 2013-03-19 [2014-08-25]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-02）. 
  86. ^ Blum, Haley. Patrick Stewart weds girlfriend; Ian McKellen officiates. USA Today. 2013-09-09 [2017-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-01）. 
  87. ^ Honorary degrees 2014. Cambridge University Alumni News. [2014-06-19]. （原始內容存檔於2014-06-22）. 
  88. ^ Sir Ian McKellen receives Freedom of the City of London. cityoflondon.gov.uk. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-30）. 
  89. ^ Emeritus Fellows – www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk. www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk. [2018-11-23]. （原始內容存檔於2018-10-14）. 
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  91. ^ When gay became a four-letter word. BBC. 2000-01-20 [2010-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2009-05-28）. 
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  93. ^ Mendelsohn, Scott, "Ian McKellen" 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2012-05-25., BOMB Magazine（英語：BOMB Magazine）. Fall 1998. Retrieved on [18 July 2012.]
  94. ^ 10 things we didn't know this time last week 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2007-12-27.. BBC News. 14 November 2003.
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  96. ^ Activism. Ian McKellen Official Website. [2008-07-13]. （原始內容存檔於2008-08-19）. 
  97. ^ 97.0 97.1 Ian McKellen becomes the Albert Kennedy Trust's new patron. The Albert Kennedy Trust. 2007-01-05. （原始內容存檔於2007-02-11）. 
  98. ^ 98.0 98.1 LGBT History Month 2007 PreLaunch. LGBT History Month. 2006-11-20 [2009-06-15]. （原始內容存檔於2012-02-18）. 
  99. ^ Aim High. the Lesbian & Gay Foundation. [2009-06-15]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-19）. 
  100. ^ Toby. Home. fflag.org.uk. [2020-01-23]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-09）. 
  101. ^ SF Pride 2002 | San Francisco | Ian McKellen. www.mckellen.com. n.d. [2018-02-02]. （原始內容存檔於2018-03-20）. 
  102. ^ Sir Ian becomes gay pride patron. BBC News. 2006-05-10 [2014-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-11）. 
  103. ^ Hudson, Chrys. Ian McKellen's gay comment causes a stir on Singaporean TV. GMax.co.za. 2007-10-22 [2017-04-12]. （原始內容存檔於2012-05-23）. 
  104. ^ "Ian McKellen." 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2009-02-25. Out. December 2008. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
  105. ^ Staff Writer. Ian McKellen backs Liverpool anti-homophobia effort. Pink News. [2012-06-20]. （原始內容存檔於2011-06-17）. 
  106. ^ Advocate.com Editors. McKellen Calls Moscow Mayor a Coward | News. The Advocate. [2011-07-18]. （原始內容存檔於2011-05-28）. 
  107. ^ World Pride Power List 2014. The Guardian. （原始內容存檔於2012-06-05）. 
  108. ^ Sweney, Mark. Hollywood actors star in Age UK ad. The Guardian (London). 2010-04-19 [2010-04-21]. （原始內容存檔於2010-04-22）. 
  109. ^ Cricket: 'Fill the Basin' teams named. The New Zealand Herald. 2011-03-07 [2014-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-07）. 
  110. ^ Hollywood vs Wellywood fills The Basin. New Zealand.com. Tourism New Zealand. 2011-03-14 [2014-01-22]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-03）. 
  111. ^ Panoptic Artifex – Christopher Baima & Greg Sweet. Honorary Board. Only Make Believe. 2013-09-15 [2014-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2013-12-31）. 
  112. ^ Ian McKellen Makes Magic... Through Charity. Entertainment Weekly. 2012-11-02 [2019-11-05]. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-05）.  參數|magazine=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite magazine}}或|website=） (幫助)
  113. ^ Kornowski, Liat. Ian McKellen Strips To His Undies at the Only Make Believe Gala. HuffPost. 2013-11-06 [2014-01-05]. 
  114. ^ RadioLIVE. Sir Ian McKellen on fundraising for the Isaac Theatre Royal. MediaWorks. [2012-04-13]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-16）. 
  115. ^ Cavendish, Dominic. Ian McKellen at Park Theatre review: the secret of his success is not lofty knightliness but spry mateyness. The Telegraph. 2017-07-03 [2017-07-24]. ISSN 0307-1235. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-18）. 
  116. ^ 「Actor Josh Gad reunites stars of "Lord of the Rings" while raising money for kids in need」. CBS. Retrieved 5 June 2020
  117. ^ Ian McKellen; et al. For Ian Charleson: A Tribute. London: Constable and Company. 1990: 125–130. ISBN 978-0094702509. 
  118. ^ White, Michael. How to deal with the very worst concert nuisances. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2011-06-20 [2011-06-24]. （原始內容存檔於2011-06-28）. 
  119. ^ Jim Pritchard. Verdi, La traviata: Soloists, chorus and orchestra of the Royal Opera House. Conductor: Yves Abel. Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, 8.7.2010. MusicWeb International. July 2010 [2011-06-24]. （原始內容存檔於2010-12-19）. 
  120. ^ Empire Icon Award. Empireonline.com. Bauer Consumer Media. 2010 [2011-09-20]. 

Sources

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[編輯]
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