Visa policy of Panama: Difference between revisions
→Visa exemption: minor fixes |
|||
(41 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description|Policy on permits required to enter Panama}} |
{{short description|Policy on permits required to enter Panama}} |
||
{{Politics of Panama|expanded=Foreign}} |
{{Politics of Panama|expanded=Foreign}} |
||
[[File:Panama-visa.png|thumbnail|Panamanian visa]] |
|||
⚫ | Visitors to '''[[Panama]]''' require a [[Travel visa|visa]] unless they are citizens of one of the eligible countries who do not require a visa for up to 180 days. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 3 months.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
||
⚫ | Visitors to '''[[Panama]]''' require a [[Travel visa|visa]] unless they are eligible for Third-Country visa exemptions for stays up to 30 days by either possessing a valid visitor (used at least once for entry) or resident visa for any of the following nations: UK, USA, Canada, the EU, Australia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea; or if they are citizens of one of the eligible countries who do not require a visa for stays up to 90 days; up to 180 days for visitors who are citizens of the United States or Canada. All visitors must hold a passport valid for at least 3 months before expiry date.<ref name="EmbPanDC-Visas">{{cite web|url=https://www.embassyofpanama.org/visas-1 |title=Immigration and Visas |website=www.embassyofpanama.org |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | On December 28, 2016, President Juan Carlos Varela decreed that the immigration authorities of the National Immigration Service will issue tourist visas valid for a term not greater than 90 days (three months);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laestrella.com.pa/media/news/document/5876330366882.pd |title=News |website=laestrella.com.pa |format=PDF}}</ref> however, it was later clarified that did not change the situation for those who can enter visa-free for 180 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elvenezolano.com.pa/javier-carrillo-venezolanos-pueden-permanecer-seis-meses-como-turistas-en-panama/|title=Javier Carrillo: "Venezolanos pueden permanecer seis meses como turistas en Panamá" - El Venezolano de Panamá|date=16 January 2017|website=elvenezolano.com.pa|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/502343326533997/permalink/962843650483960/|title=Janine Sullivan|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | On December 28, 2016, President [[Juan Carlos Varela]] decreed that the immigration authorities of the National Immigration Service will issue tourist visas valid for a term not greater than 90 days (three months);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laestrella.com.pa/media/news/document/5876330366882.pd |title=News |website=laestrella.com.pa |format=PDF}}</ref> however, it was later clarified that did not change the situation for those who can enter visa-free for 180 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elvenezolano.com.pa/javier-carrillo-venezolanos-pueden-permanecer-seis-meses-como-turistas-en-panama/|title=Javier Carrillo: "Venezolanos pueden permanecer seis meses como turistas en Panamá" - El Venezolano de Panamá|date=16 January 2017|website=elvenezolano.com.pa|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/502343326533997/permalink/962843650483960/|title=Janine Sullivan|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | However, on September 1, 2021, the Servicio Nacional de Migración de Panamá informed that foreign citizens visiting Panamá are now allowed a maximum stay of ninety (90) days for those who can enter visa-free per Res. 22068,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kraemerlaw.com/es/articles/cambios-a-la-visa-de-turista-panama-resolucion-22068-del-1er-de-septiembre-de-2021/|title=Resolución 22068 |
||
⚫ | However, on September 1, 2021, the Servicio Nacional de Migración de Panamá informed that foreign citizens visiting Panamá are now allowed a maximum stay of ninety (90) days for those who can enter visa-free per Res. 22068,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kraemerlaw.com/es/articles/cambios-a-la-visa-de-turista-panama-resolucion-22068-del-1er-de-septiembre-de-2021/|title=Resolución 22068 "Extranjeros pueden permanecer noventa días como turistas en Panamá" - Kraemer Kraemer Law|date=2 September 2021|website=kraemerlaw.com|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> however citizens of the United States or Canada are still allowed a maximum stay of one hundred eighty (180) days visa-free per Res. 22706<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kraemerlaw.com/es/articles/resolucion-22706-de-septiembre-2021/|title=Resolución 22706 "Extranjeros estadounidenses o canadienses pueden permanecer ciento ochenta días como turistas en Panamá" - Kraemer Kraemer Law|date=11 September 2021|website=kraemerlaw.com|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> published on September 10, 2021, citing reciprocity. |
||
==Visa policy map== |
==Visa policy map== |
||
[[File: |
[[File:Visa_policy_of_Panama.svg|800px|thumbnail|center|Visa policy of Panama |
||
{{legend|#ED1C24|Panama}} |
|||
{{legend|#008000|Visa not required - 180 days}} |
|||
{{legend|#22B14C|Visa not required - 90 days}} |
|||
{{legend|#B5E61D|Visa not required - 30 days}} |
|||
{{legend|#C0C0C0|Visa required}}]] |
|||
== Visa exemption == |
== Visa exemption == |
||
Holders of [[passport]]s of the following |
Holders of [[passport]]s of the following jurisdictions do not require a visa to visit Panama:<ref name="TIM">{{Timatic Visa Policy|country=PA|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.embassyofpanama.org/visas-1 | title=IMMIGRATION AND VISAS}}</ref> |
||
{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;" |
{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;" |
||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" |
|- style="vertical-align:top;" |
||
| |
| |
||
'''180 days''' |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
'''90 days''' |
|||
⚫ | |||
{| |
{| |
||
| |
| |
||
*{{flag|Andorra}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Andorra}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
⚫ | |||
*{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} |
*{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} |
||
*{{flag|Argentina}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Argentina}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
Line 36: | Line 46: | ||
*{{flag|Brunei}} |
*{{flag|Brunei}} |
||
*{{flag|Cambodia}} |
*{{flag|Cambodia}} |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
*{{flag|Chile}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Chile}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
*{{flag|Colombia}} |
*{{flag|Colombia}} |
||
Line 44: | Line 52: | ||
*{{flag|Dominica}} |
*{{flag|Dominica}} |
||
*{{flag|Ecuador}} |
*{{flag|Ecuador}} |
||
⚫ | |||
*{{flag|El Salvador}} |
*{{flag|El Salvador}} |
||
*{{flag|Fiji}} |
*{{flag|Fiji}} |
||
*{{flag|Gabon}} |
|||
*{{flag|Georgia}} |
|||
*{{flag|Grenada}} |
*{{flag|Grenada}} |
||
*{{flag|Guatemala}} |
*{{flag|Guatemala}} |
||
*{{flag|Guyana}} |
*{{flag|Guyana}} |
||
*{{flag|Honduras}} |
*{{flag|Honduras}} |
||
*{{flag|Hong Kong}} |
|||
*{{flag|Iceland}}{{ref|visa|1}} |
*{{flag|Iceland}}{{ref|visa|1}} |
||
*{{flag|Israel}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Israel}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
*{{flag|Jamaica}} |
*{{flag|Jamaica}} |
||
*{{flag|Japan}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Japan}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
*{{flag| |
*{{flag|Kiribati}} |
||
*{{flag|Kuwait}} |
*{{flag|Kuwait}} |
||
*{{flag|Liechtenstein}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Liechtenstein}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
Line 65: | Line 71: | ||
*{{flag|Marshall Islands}} |
*{{flag|Marshall Islands}} |
||
*{{flag|Mauritius}} |
*{{flag|Mauritius}} |
||
⚫ | |||
*{{flag|Mexico}} |
*{{flag|Mexico}} |
||
*{{flag|Micronesia}} |
*{{flag|Micronesia}} |
||
*{{flag|Moldova}} |
*{{flag|Moldova}} |
||
*{{flag|Monaco}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Monaco}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
|valign=top| |
|||
*{{flag|Mongolia}} |
*{{flag|Mongolia}} |
||
*{{flag|Montenegro}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Montenegro}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
Line 89: | Line 95: | ||
*{{flag|Samoa}} |
*{{flag|Samoa}} |
||
*{{flag|San Marino}} |
*{{flag|San Marino}} |
||
*{{flag| |
*{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |
||
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |
||
*{{flag|Serbia}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Serbia}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
|valign=top| |
|||
*{{flag|Seychelles}} |
*{{flag|Seychelles}} |
||
*{{flag|Singapore}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Singapore}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
Line 103: | Line 110: | ||
*{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |
*{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |
||
*{{flag|Turkey}} |
*{{flag|Turkey}} |
||
⚫ | |||
*{{flag|Ukraine}} |
*{{flag|Ukraine}} |
||
*{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |
*{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |
||
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
⚫ | |||
*{{flag|Uruguay}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
*{{flag|Uruguay}}{{ref|residence|2}} |
||
*{{flag|Vanuatu}} |
*{{flag|Vanuatu}} |
||
Line 113: | Line 120: | ||
| |
| |
||
|} |
|} |
||
'''30 days''' |
|||
⚫ | |||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 121: | Line 131: | ||
| |
| |
||
{{Expand list|date=December 2017}} |
{{Expand list|date=December 2017}} |
||
*14 July 1997: Israel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/Monthly%20Statement/1998/06/monstate.pdf |title=monstate.book |
*14 July 1997: Israel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/Monthly%20Statement/1998/06/monstate.pdf |title=monstate.book |access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> |
||
*9 August 2001: South Korea<ref>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/Monthly%20Statement/2006/11/monstate.pdf |title=Monthly statement |date=2006 |website=treaties.un.org |
*9 August 2001: South Korea<ref>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/Monthly%20Statement/2006/11/monstate.pdf |title=Monthly statement |date=2006 |website=treaties.un.org }}</ref> |
||
*8 May 2012: Angola{{ref|revoked|3}}, Armenia, Belarus, Bhutan, Botswana, Cambodia, Cape Verde{{ref|revoked|3}}, Comoros, Croatia, Fiji, Gabon{{ref|revoked|3}}, Georgia{{ref|revoked|3}}, Kenya{{ref|revoked|3}}, Kiribati, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nauru, Namibia, North Macedonia (as Macedonia), Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe, Serbia, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Vietnam<ref name="DE326-2012">{{cite web | url=https://www.migracion.gob.pa/images/DECRETOS%20Y%20RESOLUCIONES%20SEGMENTADAS/Decretos%202012/Todos%20los%20Decretos%20de%202012/Decreto%20Ejecutivo%20N%C2%BA%20326%20de%208%20de%20mayo%20de%202012.pdf | title=Decreto Ejecutivo No. 326 (de 8 de mayo de 2012) |trans-title=Executive Decree 326 (of 8 of May of 2012) |language=es |website=National Migration Service of Panama}}</ref> |
|||
*14 April 2014: Russia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/27514/46197.pdf |title=Info |website=www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa |
*14 April 2014: Russia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/27514/46197.pdf |title=Info |website=www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa }}</ref> |
||
Cancelled: |
Cancelled: |
||
* |
*1 October 2017: Venezuela <ref name="tvn-2.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.tvn-2.com/nacionales/Panama-visa-venezolanos-Noticias_0_4831766854.html|title=Panamá solicitará visa a ciudadanos venezolanos|website=tvn-2.com|date=22 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref> |
||
*2023: Angola, Cape Verde, Gabon, Georgia, Kenya |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 132: | Line 144: | ||
#{{Note|US}} Including holders of [[U.S. Re-entry Permit]] (form I-327) and [[Employment authorization document|Employment Authorization Card]] (form I-766) with the remark "Valid for re-entry to the U.S." or "Serves as I-512 advance parole" |
#{{Note|US}} Including holders of [[U.S. Re-entry Permit]] (form I-327) and [[Employment authorization document|Employment Authorization Card]] (form I-766) with the remark "Valid for re-entry to the U.S." or "Serves as I-512 advance parole" |
||
#{{Note|residence}} Nations qualified for simplified permanent residency program. |
#{{Note|residence}} Nations qualified for simplified permanent residency program. |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
In addition, all passengers with a national ID card or a birth certificate issued by Panama do not need a visa, regardless of passports they use to travel. |
In addition, all passengers with a national ID card or a birth certificate issued by Panama do not need a visa, regardless of passports they use to travel. |
||
===Third-country visas or residence documents=== |
===Third-country visas or residence documents=== |
||
As per Executive Decree 521, signed by President Varela on 6 August 2018, nationalities who normally need to apply for a Panamanian visa will be allowed visa-free entry for thirty (30) days<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.embassyofpanama.org/visas-1|title=Visas - Embassy of Panama in Washington DC|website=www.embassyofpanama.org|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> if they hold a multiple-entry visa valid for at least 6 months at the time of entry, or permanent residency documents issued by any of the following countries:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/28586_A/68706.pdf |title=Decreto 521 |website=www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa |
As per Executive Decree 521, signed by President Varela on 6 August 2018, nationalities who normally need to apply for a Panamanian visa will be allowed visa-free entry for thirty (30) days<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.embassyofpanama.org/visas-1|title=Visas - Embassy of Panama in Washington DC|website=www.embassyofpanama.org|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> if they hold a multiple-entry visa valid for at least 6 months at the time of entry, or permanent residency documents issued by any of the following countries:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/28586_A/68706.pdf |title=Decreto 521 |website=www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa }}</ref> |
||
{| |
{| |
||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" |
|- style="vertical-align:top;" |
||
Line 146: | Line 157: | ||
*{{flag|European Union}} |
*{{flag|European Union}} |
||
*{{flag|Japan}} |
*{{flag|Japan}} |
||
|valign=top| |
|||
*{{flag|Singapore}} |
*{{flag|Singapore}} |
||
*{{flag|South Korea}} |
*{{flag|South Korea}} |
||
Line 155: | Line 167: | ||
==Panama Friendly Nations Visa== |
==Panama Friendly Nations Visa== |
||
In 2012, the [[Government of Panama]] launched the Friendly Nations Visa. The visa is open to the citizens of fifty countries deemed to have positive diplomatic and economic ties to Panama. To qualify, the citizens of those countries must present professional or economic ties to Panama.<ref>{{Cite web | |
In 2012, the [[Government of Panama]] launched the Friendly Nations Visa. The visa is open to the citizens of fifty countries deemed to have positive diplomatic and economic ties to Panama. To qualify, the citizens of those countries must present professional or economic ties to Panama.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Arias |last2=Fábrega |last3=Holness |first3=Fábrega-Vivian |title=A general introduction to immigration law and policy in Panama |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b48faf11-b40d-43c0-b5d2-0020bd3e917c |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=www.lexology.com |date=28 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Once the applicant demonstrates those ties, they are eligible for [[permanent residency]] and a work permit in Panama. After three to five years, holders of this visa can apply for Panamanian citizenship. |
||
==Transit without a Visa== |
|||
Nationals of [[Cuba]] and [[Haiti]] require a visa at all times, including for transit. Other countries may transit in Panama without a visa for 12 hours if they have a confirmed onward ticket.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/4/as-panama-tightens-visa-rules-cubans-brace-for-tough-journeys | title=As Panama tightens visa rules, Cubans brace for tough journeys }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/cubans-protest-panama-s-decision-to-impose-visa-requirement/50000262-4757407 | title=Cubans protest Panama's decision to impose visa requirement | date=13 June 2023 }}</ref><ref name="tim">{{Timatic Visa Policy|country=VC|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> |
|||
==Visitor statistics== |
==Visitor statistics== |
Latest revision as of 17:48, 22 July 2024
Visitors to Panama require a visa unless they are eligible for Third-Country visa exemptions for stays up to 30 days by either possessing a valid visitor (used at least once for entry) or resident visa for any of the following nations: UK, USA, Canada, the EU, Australia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea; or if they are citizens of one of the eligible countries who do not require a visa for stays up to 90 days; up to 180 days for visitors who are citizens of the United States or Canada. All visitors must hold a passport valid for at least 3 months before expiry date.[1]
On December 28, 2016, President Juan Carlos Varela decreed that the immigration authorities of the National Immigration Service will issue tourist visas valid for a term not greater than 90 days (three months);[2] however, it was later clarified that did not change the situation for those who can enter visa-free for 180 days.[3][4]
However, on September 1, 2021, the Servicio Nacional de Migración de Panamá informed that foreign citizens visiting Panamá are now allowed a maximum stay of ninety (90) days for those who can enter visa-free per Res. 22068,[5] however citizens of the United States or Canada are still allowed a maximum stay of one hundred eighty (180) days visa-free per Res. 22706[6] published on September 10, 2021, citing reciprocity.
Visa policy map
[edit]Visa exemption
[edit]Holders of passports of the following jurisdictions do not require a visa to visit Panama:[7][8]
180 days 90 days 30 days |
Date of visa changes | ||
---|---|---|
Cancelled:
|
- Notes
- ^ Including holders of U.S. Re-entry Permit (form I-327) and Employment Authorization Card (form I-766) with the remark "Valid for re-entry to the U.S." or "Serves as I-512 advance parole"
- ^ Nations qualified for simplified permanent residency program.
Holders of diplomatic, official, or service passports of China (including passport for public affairs holders), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Philippines do not require a visa.
In addition, all passengers with a national ID card or a birth certificate issued by Panama do not need a visa, regardless of passports they use to travel.
Third-country visas or residence documents
[edit]As per Executive Decree 521, signed by President Varela on 6 August 2018, nationalities who normally need to apply for a Panamanian visa will be allowed visa-free entry for thirty (30) days[14] if they hold a multiple-entry visa valid for at least 6 months at the time of entry, or permanent residency documents issued by any of the following countries:[15]
Panama Friendly Nations Visa
[edit]In 2012, the Government of Panama launched the Friendly Nations Visa. The visa is open to the citizens of fifty countries deemed to have positive diplomatic and economic ties to Panama. To qualify, the citizens of those countries must present professional or economic ties to Panama.[16] Once the applicant demonstrates those ties, they are eligible for permanent residency and a work permit in Panama. After three to five years, holders of this visa can apply for Panamanian citizenship.
Transit without a Visa
[edit]Nationals of Cuba and Haiti require a visa at all times, including for transit. Other countries may transit in Panama without a visa for 12 hours if they have a confirmed onward ticket.[17][18][19]
Visitor statistics
[edit]Most visitors arriving to Panama via Tocumen International Airport were from the following countries of nationality:[20][21]
Country | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 |
---|---|---|---|
United States | 309,358 | 338,590 | 269,965 |
Venezuela | 281,540 | 260,145 | 187,776 |
Colombia | 267,188 | 288,569 | 281,775 |
Brazil | 79,758 | 88,348 | 81,950 |
Mexico | 68,646 | 80,637 | 68,340 |
Spain | 78,246 | 79,461 | 61,596 |
Costa Rica | 63,548 | 75,196 | 56,775 |
Ecuador | 70,712 | 74,043 | 71,919 |
Argentina | 68,088 | 70,089 | 60,040 |
Peru | 46,076 | 50,275 | 34,844 |
Total | 1,857,268 | 1,941,106 | 1,609,937 |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Immigration and Visas". www.embassyofpanama.org. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ "News" (PDF). laestrella.com.pa.
- ^ "Javier Carrillo: "Venezolanos pueden permanecer seis meses como turistas en Panamá" - El Venezolano de Panamá". elvenezolano.com.pa. 16 January 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ "Janine Sullivan". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ "Resolución 22068 "Extranjeros pueden permanecer noventa días como turistas en Panamá" - Kraemer Kraemer Law". kraemerlaw.com. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ "Resolución 22706 "Extranjeros estadounidenses o canadienses pueden permanecer ciento ochenta días como turistas en Panamá" - Kraemer Kraemer Law". kraemerlaw.com. 11 September 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ^ "IMMIGRATION AND VISAS".
- ^ "monstate.book" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-04-03.
- ^ "Monthly statement" (PDF). treaties.un.org. 2006.
- ^ "Decreto Ejecutivo No. 326 (de 8 de mayo de 2012)" [Executive Decree 326 (of 8 of May of 2012)] (PDF). National Migration Service of Panama (in Spanish).
- ^ "Info" (PDF). www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa.
- ^ "Panamá solicitará visa a ciudadanos venezolanos". tvn-2.com. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ "Visas - Embassy of Panama in Washington DC". www.embassyofpanama.org. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ "Decreto 521" (PDF). www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa.
- ^ Arias; Fábrega; Holness, Fábrega-Vivian (28 May 2020). "A general introduction to immigration law and policy in Panama". www.lexology.com. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ^ "As Panama tightens visa rules, Cubans brace for tough journeys".
- ^ "Cubans protest Panama's decision to impose visa requirement". 13 June 2023.
- ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ^ "atp" (PDF). atp.gob.pa. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ "Estadísticas de Turismo en Panamá". atp.gob.pa. Retrieved 9 April 2018.