Panama Republic of Panama , is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America , bordering South America . It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Its capital and largest city is Panama City , whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half of the country's over 4 million inhabitants.0
Before the arrival of Spanish colonists in the 16th century, Panama was inhabited by a number of different indigenous tribes . It broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia , a union of Nueva Granada , Ecuador , and Venezuela . After Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. The 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties agreed to transfer the canal from the United States to Panama on December 31, 1999. The surrounding territory was returned first, in 1979.
Revenue from canal tolls has continued to represent a significant portion of Panama's GDP , especially after the Panama Canal expansion project (finished in 2016) doubled its capacity. Commerce, banking, and tourism are major sectors. Panama is regarded as having a high-income economy . In 2019, Panama ranked 57th in the world in terms of the Human Development Index . In 2018, Panama was ranked the seventh-most competitive economy in Latin America, according to the World Economic Forum 's Global Competitiveness Index. Panama was ranked 82rd in the Global Innovation Index in 2024. Covering around 40 percent of its land area, Panama's jungles are home to an abundance of tropical plants and animals – some of them found nowhere else on earth.
Panama is a founding member of the United Nations and other international organizations such as the Organization of American States , Latin America Integration Association , Group of 77 , World Health Organization , and Non-Aligned Movement . (Full article...
168 1 "The First Exile" February 2, 2006 (2006-02-02 ) 19.20 7.0/18 169 2 "Breakdown" February 9, 2006 (2006-02-09 ) 18.75 6.6/17 170 3 "Crazy Fights, Snake Dinners" February 16, 2006 (2006-02-16 ) 16.98 6.3/16 171 4 "Starvation and Lunacy" February 23, 2006 (2006-02-23 ) 14.85 5.5/14 172 5 "For Cod's Sake" March 2, 2006 (2006-03-02 ) 16.08 5.5/14 173 6 "Salvation and Desertion" March 9, 2006 (2006-03-09 ) 15.33 5.4/14 174 7 "A Closer Look" March 15, 2006 (2006-03-15 ) N/A TBA 175 8 "An Emerging Plan" March 30, 2006 (2006-03-30 ) 16.25 5.8/17 176 9 "The Power of the Idol" April 6, 2006 (2006-04-06 ) 16.36 5.6/17 177 10 "Fight for Your Life or Eat" April 13, 2006 (2006-04-13 ) 15.07 5.2/17 178 11 "Medical Emergency" April 20, 2006 (2006-04-20 ) 16.26 5.5/18 179 12 "Perilous Scramble" April 27, 2006 (2006-04-27 ) 17.09 5.9/18 180 13 "Bamboozled" May 4, 2006 (2006-05-04 ) 17.04 5.9/18 181 14 "Call the Whambulence!" May 11, 2006 (2006-05-11 ) 17.20 5.8/18 182 15 "The Final Showdown" May 14, 2006 (2006-05-14 ) 17.07 6.2/15 183 16 "Reunion" May 14, 2006 (2006-05-14 ) N/A TBA 
An economic activity map of Panama, 1981. (from Economy of Panama)
A Guna woman in Guna Yala (from Indigenous peoples of Panama)
Construction work on the Culebra Cut, in 1907 photograph. (from History of Panama)
General Manuel Noriega after his capture by the US. (from History of Panama)
Amphibian Pendant, Walters Art Museum (from History of Panama)
Guna house in Guna Yala, 2007 (from Indigenous peoples of Panama)
Provinces of the Republic of New Granada in 1851 (from History of Panama)
American political cartoon, published in 1903 (from History of Panama)
Ship at the Culebra Cut while transiting the Panama Canal, in 1915 photograph. (from History of Panama)
Panama's location between the Pacific (bottom) and the Caribbean Sea (top) (from History of Panama)
A view of the forest at La Amistad International Park, near Boquete, Panamá, 2006
The Centennial Bridge, Panama is a major bridge crossing the Panama Canal.
A view of Panama City at sunset, 2009
A view of the coastline in Panama, 2016
Mariano Rivera is a Panamanian-American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, from 1995 to 2013.
The Gatun Locks gates opening at the Panama Canal
A map of Panama
A nighttime view of the Bridge of the Americas, 2006
An aerial view of the Colón Free Trade Zone, a free port near the Atlantic entrance to the Panama Canal.
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