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{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Denmark (1056 - 1536)}}
{{Infobox diocese
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
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|dissolved = 1536
|dissolved = 1536
}}
}}
The former '''Diocese of Børglum''' (Danish: ''Børglum Stift'') was a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[diocese]] in Northern [[Jutland]], [[Denmark]]. It has also been referred to as the '''Diocese of Vestervig''' or the '''Bishopric of Vendsyssel'''. The diocese included [[Vendsyssel]], [[Hanherred]], [[Thy (district)|Thy]], and [[Mors (island)|Mors]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historie|url=https://aalborgstift.dk/stiftet/kirker?--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5B@package%5D=fit.diocesedata&--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5B@controller%5D=gallery&--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5B@action%5D=show&--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5B@format%5D=html&--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5Bgallery%5D%5B__identity%5D=c820beda-f7e1-47c3-872c-57224e499a8a&dioceseDataAjax=1|access-date=2021-02-04|website=aalborgstift.dk|language=da}}</ref>
The former '''Diocese of Børglum''' (Danish: ''Børglum Stift'') was a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[diocese]] in Northern [[Jutland]], [[Denmark]]. It has also been referred to as the '''Diocese of Vestervig''' or the '''Bishopric of Vendsyssel'''. The diocese included the historic districts of [[Vendsyssel]], [[Hanherred]], [[Thy (district)|Thy]], and [[Mors (island)|Mors]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historie|url=https://aalborgstift.dk/stiftet/kirker?--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5B@package%5D=fit.diocesedata&--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5B@controller%5D=gallery&--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5B@action%5D=show&--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5B@format%5D=html&--fit_diocesedata-churchdb%5Bgallery%5D%5B__identity%5D=c820beda-f7e1-47c3-872c-57224e499a8a&dioceseDataAjax=1|access-date=2021-02-04|website=aalborgstift.dk|language=da}}</ref>


The diocese was first established in 1056, and was dissolved in 1536 during the [[Reformation|Protestant Reformation]]. It was eventually replaced by the [[Diocese of Aalborg]] within the [[Church of Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Om stiftet|url=https://aalborgstift.dk/stiftet/om-stiftet|access-date=2021-02-04|website=aalborgstift.dk|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bøgh|first=Anders|date=20 June 2011|title=Bispeinstitutionen|url=https://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/bispeinstitutionen/?no_cache=1&tx_historyview_pi1%5Blang%5D=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=danmarkshistorien.dk|publisher=[[Aarhus University]]}}</ref>
The diocese was first established in 1056, and was dissolved in 1536 during the [[Reformation|Protestant Reformation]]. It was eventually replaced by the [[Diocese of Aalborg]] within the [[Church of Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Om stiftet|url=https://aalborgstift.dk/stiftet/om-stiftet|access-date=2021-02-04|website=aalborgstift.dk|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bøgh|first=Anders|date=20 June 2011|title=Bispeinstitutionen|url=https://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/bispeinstitutionen/?no_cache=1&tx_historyview_pi1%5Blang%5D=1|access-date=2021-02-04|website=danmarkshistorien.dk|publisher=[[Aarhus University]]}}</ref>


== Domain ==
== Domain ==
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Vestervig was the residence of [[Theodgar of Vestervig|Theodgar]], a missionary from [[Thuringia]] who had been [[chaplain]] to King [[Olaf II of Norway]]. After Olaf's death in 1030, Thøger embarked on a missionary trip to Vestervig, where he built a small church. After his death in 1067, he was [[Canonization|canonized]] despite opposition from both [[King Svend Estridsen|King Sweyn II]] and the current Bishop of the diocese, Albrik. Eventually, Saint Theodgar became the [[patron saint]] of the diocese.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hald|first=P. L.|date=1909|title=St. Thøger og Minder om St. Thøger|url=http://www.arkivthy.dk/images/Aarbog/1909/Hald,%20P.%20L.%20%20%20St.%20Thoeger%20og%20minder%20om%20St.%20Thoeger%20(1909).pdf|website=Lokalhistorisk Arkiv for Thisted Kommune|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Posselt|first=Gert|date=9 June 2017|title=Thøger|url=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Th%C3%B8ger|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Den Store Danske|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121205600/https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Th%C3%B8ger |archive-date=2022-01-21 }}</ref>
Vestervig was the residence of [[Theodgar of Vestervig|Theodgar]], a missionary from [[Thuringia]] who had been [[chaplain]] to King [[Olaf II of Norway]]. After Olaf's death in 1030, Thøger embarked on a missionary trip to Vestervig, where he built a small church. After his death in 1067, he was [[Canonization|canonized]] despite opposition from both [[King Svend Estridsen|King Sweyn II]] and the current Bishop of the diocese, Albrik. Eventually, Saint Theodgar became the [[patron saint]] of the diocese.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hald|first=P. L.|date=1909|title=St. Thøger og Minder om St. Thøger|url=http://www.arkivthy.dk/images/Aarbog/1909/Hald,%20P.%20L.%20%20%20St.%20Thoeger%20og%20minder%20om%20St.%20Thoeger%20(1909).pdf|website=Lokalhistorisk Arkiv for Thisted Kommune|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Posselt|first=Gert|date=9 June 2017|title=Thøger|url=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Th%C3%B8ger|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Den Store Danske|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121205600/https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Th%C3%B8ger |archive-date=2022-01-21 }}</ref>


The diocese's first Bishop, Magnus, was drowned in the [[Elbe]] river around the year 1060, shortly after he had taken up the position. He had been returning home after his consecration had been performed by [[Adalbert of Hamburg]]. Magnus was succeeded by Albrik, Dean of [[Bremen]]. Albrik's successor, Bishop Henry, was chaplain to King [[Canute IV of Denmark|Canute IV]], and accompanied him during his stay in Vendsyssel in 1086.<ref name=":0" /> [[Image:Børglum Herreds våben 1584.png|thumb|right|150px|[[Børglum Abbey]], featured on the coat of arms of the former [[Børglum Herred]]]]During the 1130s, Bishop Sylvester transferred the seat of the diocese to [[Børglum]]. At about the same time, a monastic foundation was settled there which later became known as [[Børglum Abbey]], although there is little information about the original organization.<ref>It may have been connected with the house of [[Canons Regular|Augustinian Canons]] at Vestervig</ref> Around 1180, the [[Premonstratensian]] canons of [[Steinfeld Abbey]] in Germany settled nearby. Around 1220, the Bishop of Børglum made the abbey his seat; the abbey church then became the [[cathedral]] of the diocese, and its canons formed the diocesan chapter with power to elect the bishop.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Abbey|url=https://www.boerglumkloster.dk/en/discover-history/history|access-date=2021-02-04|website=www.boerglumkloster.dk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pajung|first=Stefan|last2=Lysdahl|first2=Per|date=1 September 2016|title=Middelalderen i Hjørring Kommune|url=https://trap.lex.dk/Middelalderen_i_Hj%C3%B8rring_Kommune|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Trap Danmark|language=da}}</ref>
The diocese's first Bishop, Magnus, was drowned in the [[Elbe]] river around the year 1060, shortly after he had taken up the position. He had been returning home after his consecration had been performed by [[Adalbert of Hamburg]]. Magnus was succeeded by Albrik, Dean of [[Bremen]]. Albrik's successor, Bishop Henry, was chaplain to King [[Canute IV of Denmark|Canute IV]], and accompanied him during his stay in Vendsyssel in 1086.<ref name=":0" /> [[Image:Børglum Herreds våben 1584.png|thumb|right|150px|[[Børglum Abbey]], featured on the coat of arms of the former [[Børglum Herred]]]]During the 1130s, Bishop Sylvester transferred the seat of the diocese to [[Børglum]]. At about the same time, a monastic foundation was settled there which later became known as [[Børglum Abbey]], although there is little information about the original organization.<ref>It may have been connected with the house of [[Canons Regular|Augustinian Canons]] at Vestervig</ref> Around 1180, the [[Premonstratensian]] canons of [[Steinfeld Abbey]] in Germany settled nearby. Around 1220, the Bishop of Børglum made the abbey his seat; the abbey church then became the [[cathedral]] of the diocese, and its canons formed the diocesan chapter with power to elect the bishop.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Abbey|url=https://www.boerglumkloster.dk/en/discover-history/history|access-date=2021-02-04|website=www.boerglumkloster.dk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Pajung|first1=Stefan|last2=Lysdahl|first2=Per|date=1 September 2016|title=Middelalderen i Hjørring Kommune|url=https://trap.lex.dk/Middelalderen_i_Hj%C3%B8rring_Kommune|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Trap Danmark|language=da}}</ref>


Niels Stygge Rosenkranz was Bishop of Børglum from 1486 until 1533. His nephew, [[Stygge Krumpen]], had served as his [[coadjutor bishop]] and succeeded him. During this period, the catholic church's authority in Denmark was threatened by the Reformation. Bishop Stygge Krumpen made attempts to slow the adoption of [[Protestantism]], but was ultimately imprisoned in 1536 when the [[Reformation in Denmark|Reformation]] was formally introduced into Denmark. He was released in 1542 and then oversaw the [[Asmild Abbey]] convent near [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]]. He died there in 1551.<ref name=":0" />
Niels Stygge Rosenkranz was Bishop of Børglum from 1486 until 1533. His nephew, [[Stygge Krumpen]], had served as his [[coadjutor bishop]] and succeeded him. During this period, the catholic church's authority in Denmark was threatened by the Reformation. Bishop Stygge Krumpen made attempts to slow the adoption of [[Protestantism]], but was ultimately imprisoned in 1536 when the [[Reformation in Denmark|Reformation]] was formally introduced into Denmark. He was released in 1542 and then oversaw the [[Asmild Abbey]] convent near [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]]. He died there in 1551.<ref name=":0" />
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*Magnus, ca. 1060
*Magnus, ca. 1060
*Albrik, ca. 1060–1065
*Albrik, ca. 1060–1065
*Keld 11??–1134<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lund Jensen|first=Erik|date=18 July 2011|title=Keld – biskop|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Keld_-_biskop|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>
*Keld 11??–1134<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lund Jensen|first=Erik|date=18 July 2011|title=Keld – biskop|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Keld_-_biskop|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>
*Sylvester 1134–1136
*Sylvester 1134–1136
*Tyge, ca. 11??–1177<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hørby|first=Kai|date=18 July 2011|title=Tyge, biskop|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Tyge,_biskop|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209012639/https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Tyge,_biskop |archive-date=2021-02-09 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 May 2016|title=Tyge af Børglum|url=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Tyge_af_B%C3%B8rglum|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Den Store Danske|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903155321/https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Tyge_af_B%C3%B8rglum |archive-date=2021-09-03 }}</ref>
*Tyge, ca. 11??–1177<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hørby|first=Kai|date=18 July 2011|title=Tyge, biskop|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Tyge,_biskop|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209012639/https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Tyge,_biskop |archive-date=2021-02-09 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 May 2016|title=Tyge af Børglum|url=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Tyge_af_B%C3%B8rglum|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Den Store Danske|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903155321/https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Tyge_af_B%C3%B8rglum |archive-date=2021-09-03 }}</ref>
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*Rudolf, 12??–1252
*Rudolf, 12??–1252
*Oluf Glob, 1252–1260
*Oluf Glob, 1252–1260
*Johannes de Hethe, 12??–1280<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lund Jensen|first=Erik|date=17 July 2011|title=Johannes, biskop i Børglum|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Johannes,_biskop_i_B%C3%B8rglum|url-status=live|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>
*Johannes de Hethe, 12??–1280<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lund Jensen|first=Erik|date=17 July 2011|title=Johannes, biskop i Børglum|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Johannes,_biskop_i_B%C3%B8rglum|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>
*Tyge Klerk, ca. 1328–13??<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hørby|first=Kai|date=18 July 2011|title=Tyge, biskop i Børglum|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Tyge,_biskop_i_B%C3%B8rglum|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>
*Tyge Klerk, ca. 1328–13?<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hørby|first=Kai|date=18 July 2011|title=Tyge, biskop i Børglum|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Tyge,_biskop_i_B%C3%B8rglum|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>
*Anders, ca. 1345–1354
*Anders, ca. 1345–1354
*Mogens Jensen Grubbe, ca. 1369
*Mogens Jensen Grubbe, ca. 1369
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*Paul Gobelinus Bolant, 1431–1432<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steidl|first=P. D.|date=2018-10-11|title=Børglumprovsterne fraa aar 1400 til Reformationstiden|url=http://signum.se/borglumprovsterne-fraa-aar-1400-til-reformationstiden/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Signum: katolsk orientering om kyrka, kultur & samhälle|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418031718/https://signum.se/borglumprovsterne-fraa-aar-1400-til-reformationstiden/ |archive-date=2021-04-18 }}</ref>
*Paul Gobelinus Bolant, 1431–1432<ref>{{Cite web|last=Steidl|first=P. D.|date=2018-10-11|title=Børglumprovsterne fraa aar 1400 til Reformationstiden|url=http://signum.se/borglumprovsterne-fraa-aar-1400-til-reformationstiden/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Signum: katolsk orientering om kyrka, kultur & samhälle|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418031718/https://signum.se/borglumprovsterne-fraa-aar-1400-til-reformationstiden/ |archive-date=2021-04-18 }}</ref>
*Gerhard Peder Gyldenstierne, 1433–1452
*Gerhard Peder Gyldenstierne, 1433–1452
*Jacob Friis Loddehat (Jep Friis), 1453–1486<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lund Jensen|first=Erik|date=17 July 2011|title=Jep Friis – biskop|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Jep_Friis_-_biskop|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>
*Jacob Friis Loddehat (Jep Friis), 1453–1486<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lund Jensen|first=Erik|date=17 July 2011|title=Jep Friis – biskop|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Jep_Friis_-_biskop|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>
*Niels Stygge Rosenkrantz, 1487–1533<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bagge|first=Povl|date=18 July 2011|title=Niels Stygge Rosenkrantz|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Niels_Stygge_Rosenkrantz|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108182213/https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Niels_Stygge_Rosenkrantz |archive-date=2022-01-08 }}</ref>
*Niels Stygge Rosenkrantz, 1487–1533<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bagge|first=Povl|date=18 July 2011|title=Niels Stygge Rosenkrantz|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Niels_Stygge_Rosenkrantz|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108182213/https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Niels_Stygge_Rosenkrantz |archive-date=2022-01-08 }}</ref>
*[[Stygge Krumpen]], 1533–1563
*[[Stygge Krumpen]], 1533–1551


==References==
==References==
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{{coord missing|Denmark}}
{{coord missing|Denmark}}
{{Catholic dioceses in the Nordic countries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient See Of Borglum}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient See Of Borglum}}
[[Category:Catholic Church in Denmark]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses established in the 11th century|Børglum]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses established in the 11th century|Børglum]]
[[Category:1056 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:1056 establishments in Europe]]

Latest revision as of 21:20, 21 August 2024

Diocese of Børglum

Dioecesis Burglanensis

Børglum Stift
Børglum Abbey, seat of the bishop of Børglum.
Location
CountryDenmark
MetropolitanArchdiocese of Lund
Information
DenominationRoman Catholic
RiteRoman Rite
Established1056
Dissolved1536

The former Diocese of Børglum (Danish: Børglum Stift) was a Roman Catholic diocese in Northern Jutland, Denmark. It has also been referred to as the Diocese of Vestervig or the Bishopric of Vendsyssel. The diocese included the historic districts of Vendsyssel, Hanherred, Thy, and Mors.[1]

The diocese was first established in 1056, and was dissolved in 1536 during the Protestant Reformation. It was eventually replaced by the Diocese of Aalborg within the Church of Denmark.[2][3]

Domain

[edit]

The diocese was established in 1059, when the region of Jutland north of the Limfjord separated from the Diocese of Viborg. It was originally a suffragan of the archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen until 1104, when the Diocese of Lund was elevated to an archdiocese and became Børglum's metropolitan see.[4] Initially, the seat of the bishop was located in Vestervig, and the diocese was referred to as Vestervig or Vendelbo Stift.

The diocese had major ecclesiastical centers at Børglum Abbey and Vestervig Abbey, though it had a variety of other monasteries. This included the Benedictine nunneries of Frejlev Abbey (1268–1554), Hundslund Abbey (1268–1536) and Ø Abbey (1160–1542). The diocese also oversaw the Knights of St. John at Dueholm Priory (1351–1539) and the Carmelite priory at Saeby (ca. 1460–1536).[4]

History

[edit]

Vestervig was the residence of Theodgar, a missionary from Thuringia who had been chaplain to King Olaf II of Norway. After Olaf's death in 1030, Thøger embarked on a missionary trip to Vestervig, where he built a small church. After his death in 1067, he was canonized despite opposition from both King Sweyn II and the current Bishop of the diocese, Albrik. Eventually, Saint Theodgar became the patron saint of the diocese.[4][5][6]

The diocese's first Bishop, Magnus, was drowned in the Elbe river around the year 1060, shortly after he had taken up the position. He had been returning home after his consecration had been performed by Adalbert of Hamburg. Magnus was succeeded by Albrik, Dean of Bremen. Albrik's successor, Bishop Henry, was chaplain to King Canute IV, and accompanied him during his stay in Vendsyssel in 1086.[4]

Børglum Abbey, featured on the coat of arms of the former Børglum Herred

During the 1130s, Bishop Sylvester transferred the seat of the diocese to Børglum. At about the same time, a monastic foundation was settled there which later became known as Børglum Abbey, although there is little information about the original organization.[7] Around 1180, the Premonstratensian canons of Steinfeld Abbey in Germany settled nearby. Around 1220, the Bishop of Børglum made the abbey his seat; the abbey church then became the cathedral of the diocese, and its canons formed the diocesan chapter with power to elect the bishop.[8][9]

Niels Stygge Rosenkranz was Bishop of Børglum from 1486 until 1533. His nephew, Stygge Krumpen, had served as his coadjutor bishop and succeeded him. During this period, the catholic church's authority in Denmark was threatened by the Reformation. Bishop Stygge Krumpen made attempts to slow the adoption of Protestantism, but was ultimately imprisoned in 1536 when the Reformation was formally introduced into Denmark. He was released in 1542 and then oversaw the Asmild Abbey convent near Viborg. He died there in 1551.[4]

A relatively unknown fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen, written in 1861, is titled The Bishop of Børglum and his Men (Danish: Bispen paa Børglum og hans Frænde). The story follows the murder of Bishop Oluf Glob and several of his followers at Hvidebjerg Church in 1260. Andersen based his story on an account of the incident which had been recorded by a noble family around the year 1600, though the historical accuracy of this account is subject to debate.[10]

Bishops

[edit]
  • Magnus, ca. 1060
  • Albrik, ca. 1060–1065
  • Keld 11??–1134[11]
  • Sylvester 1134–1136
  • Tyge, ca. 11??–1177[12][13]
  • Omer 1178–1183[14]
  • Rudolf, 12??–1252
  • Oluf Glob, 1252–1260
  • Johannes de Hethe, 12??–1280[15]
  • Tyge Klerk, ca. 1328–13?[16]
  • Anders, ca. 1345–1354
  • Mogens Jensen Grubbe, ca. 1369
  • Jens Mikkelsen, 1365–1369
  • Svend, 1370–1396
  • Peder Friis, 1396–1425
  • Paul Gobelinus Bolant, 1431–1432[17]
  • Gerhard Peder Gyldenstierne, 1433–1452
  • Jacob Friis Loddehat (Jep Friis), 1453–1486[18]
  • Niels Stygge Rosenkrantz, 1487–1533[19]
  • Stygge Krumpen, 1533–1551

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Historie". aalborgstift.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  2. ^ "Om stiftet". aalborgstift.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  3. ^ Bøgh, Anders (20 June 2011). "Bispeinstitutionen". danmarkshistorien.dk. Aarhus University. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  4. ^ a b c d e Taylor, Arthur (1914). "Ancient See of Börglum". The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: The Encyclopedia Press. p. 11 – via New Advent.
  5. ^ Hald, P. L. (1909). "St. Thøger og Minder om St. Thøger" (PDF). Lokalhistorisk Arkiv for Thisted Kommune (in Danish).
  6. ^ Posselt, Gert (9 June 2017). "Thøger". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  7. ^ It may have been connected with the house of Augustinian Canons at Vestervig
  8. ^ "History of the Abbey". www.boerglumkloster.dk. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  9. ^ Pajung, Stefan; Lysdahl, Per (1 September 2016). "Middelalderen i Hjørring Kommune". Trap Danmark (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  10. ^ Andersen, Hans Christian (1861). ""Bispen paa Børglum og hans Frænde"". The Hans Christian Andersen Centre (in Danish). University of Southern Denmark. Archived from the original on 2003-05-22. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  11. ^ Lund Jensen, Erik (18 July 2011). "Keld – biskop". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  12. ^ Hørby, Kai (18 July 2011). "Tyge, biskop". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  13. ^ "Tyge af Børglum". Den Store Danske (in Danish). 10 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-09-03. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  14. ^ Lund Jensen, Erik (18 July 2011). "Omer". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  15. ^ Lund Jensen, Erik (17 July 2011). "Johannes, biskop i Børglum". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish).
  16. ^ Hørby, Kai (18 July 2011). "Tyge, biskop i Børglum". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  17. ^ Steidl, P. D. (2018-10-11). "Børglumprovsterne fraa aar 1400 til Reformationstiden". Signum: katolsk orientering om kyrka, kultur & samhälle (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  18. ^ Lund Jensen, Erik (17 July 2011). "Jep Friis – biskop". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  19. ^ Bagge, Povl (18 July 2011). "Niels Stygge Rosenkrantz". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2022-01-08. Retrieved 2021-02-04.

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