Jump to content

El gran Carlemany: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Added more categories.
m replacing {{IPA-ca| → {{IPA|ca| (deprecated template)
 
(34 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|National anthem of Andorra}}
{{short description|National anthem of Andorra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox anthem
{{Infobox anthem
|title = El gran Carlemany
| title = {{lang|ca|italic=no|El gran Carlemany}}
|english_title = The Great Charlemagne
| english_title = The Great Charlemagne
|image = Bandera de Andorra.jpg
| image = Bandera de Andorra.jpg
|prefix = National
| prefix = National
|country = [[Andorra]]
| country = [[Andorra]]
|composer = Enric Marfany Bons
| composer = Enric Marfany Bons
|author = [[Juan Benlloch i Vivó]]
| author = [[Juan Benlloch i Vivó]]
|adopted = 8 September 1921
| adopted = 8 September 1921
|sound = El Gran Carlemany.ogg
| sound = El Gran Carlemany.ogg
|sound_title =
| sound_title = Official band instrumental version
}}
}}

"'''El gran Carlemany'''" ({{transl|ca|The Great Charlemagne}}; {{IPA-ca|əl ˈɣɾaŋ kəɾləˈmaɲ|pron}}) is the [[national anthem]] of the [[Andorra|Principality of Andorra]]. Enric Marfany Bons composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by [[Joan Benlloch i Vivó]], written in a first-person narrative. It was adopted as the national anthem on 8 September 1921, which is also the national day of Andorra. The lyrics make reference to several key aspects of [[Culture of Andorra|Andorran culture]] and [[History of Andorra|history]], such as the heritage of the [[Carolingian Empire]].
"'''{{lang|ca|italic=no|El gran Carlemany}}'''" ({{IPA|ca|əl ˈɣɾaŋ ˌkaɾləˈmaɲ|pron}}; "The Great [[Charlemagne]]") is the [[national anthem]] of the [[Andorra|Principality of Andorra]]. Enric Marfany Bons composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by [[Joan Benlloch i Vivó]], written in a first-person narrative from the point of view of Andorra. It was adopted as the national anthem on 8 September 1921, which is also the national day of Andorra. The lyrics make reference to several key aspects of [[Culture of Andorra|Andorran culture]] and [[History of Andorra|history]], such as the heritage of the [[Carolingian Empire]].

⚫
==History==
⚫
"El Gran Carlemany" was composed by Enric Marfany Bons (1871–1942),<ref name="Maugendre1996">{{cite book|author=Xavier Maugendre|title=L'Europe des hymnes dans leur contexte historique et musical|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAtItyiK9ywC&pg=PA145|year=1996|publisher=Editions Mardaga|isbn=978-2-87009-632-1|page=145}}</ref> who was a priest.<ref name=Augustin>Augustin (2008), p. 99.</ref> The lyrics to the song were penned by [[Juan Benlloch i Vivó]] (1864–1926), who served as the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Bishop of Urgell]] from 1906 to 1919. This position also made him an ''ex officio'' [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co–Prince of Andorra]].<ref name=Augustin/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Not-so-Rough Guide to Andorra – The land that Europe forgot|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:TND1&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1338548EB32BEE08&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=105B9A93AF33E3E3|date=September 2, 2006|access-date=May 7, 2014|first=John|last=Lichfield|pages=26–27|newspaper=The Independent|location=London}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The song was officially designated as the country's national anthem on 8 September 1921,<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|title=Andorra|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/|access-date=May 7, 2014|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Country's Profile – Andorra|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en/team-andorra-profile|work=Sochi2014.com|publisher=Sochi 2014 Olympics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406222721/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/team-andorra-profile|archive-date=April 6, 2014|access-date=May 7, 2014}}</ref> when it was sung at the country's cathedral for the first time.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i00KAQAAIAAJ&q=Our+Lady+of+Meritxell+el+gran+carlemany|title=Principat D'Andorra, 1278&ndash;1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges – Recull Oficial D'informació|publisher=Casa de la Vall|year=1978}}</ref> The day it was adopted –&nbsp;8 September<ref name=Augustin/> – is the [[National Day]] of Andorra. This coincides with the feast day of [[Our Lady of Meritxell]], the country's patron saint, who is mentioned in the lyrics.<ref name=CIA/>


==Lyrics==
==Lyrics==
⚫
The lyrics of "El Gran Carlemany" give a short account of Andorra's history "in a [[first-person narrative]]".<ref name=CIA/> It recounts the traditional Andorran legend that [[Charlemagne]] reconquered the region from the [[Moors]] between 788<ref name=Geyer>{{cite journal|last=Geyer|first=Helen|date=November 2013|title=Sprachpolitik und-praxis in Andorra|journal=Interlinguistische Informationen|volume=20|pages=68|publisher=Diputació de Girona|access-date=May 8, 2014|issn=1432-3567|url=http://www.interlinguistik-gil.de/wb/media/beihefte/20/beiheft20.pdf#page=68|language=de}}</ref> and 790, after the [[Catalan people]] had guided his army through the rugged valleys, which Charlemagne compensated with granting Andorra its independence,<ref>{{cite book|title=Principat D'Andorra, 1278&ndash;1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges : Recull Oficial D'informació|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i00KAQAAIAAJ|date=1978|publisher=Casa de la Vall}}</ref> and its first borders were delineated that same year.<ref name=Geyer/> It formed part of the ''[[Marca Hispanica]]'', a [[buffer zone]] formed by Charlemagne in order to protect his state (the [[Carolingian Empire]]).<ref name=Shelley>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qlXatHRJtMC&pg=PA8|title=Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders|publisher=ABC–CLIO|date=April 23, 2013|last=Shelley|first=Fred M.|page=8|isbn=9781610691062}}</ref> According to legend, he was responsible for restructuring the country, reintroducing [[Christianity]] to its people and overseeing the construction of monasteries. Because of these accomplishments, he was given "a mythical aura" and is regarded as the founder of Andorra.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pineda|first=Enric Bassegoda|year=2010|title=Carlemany No Va Conquerir Girona|journal=Revista de Girona|volume=261|pages=39|publisher=Diputació de Girona|access-date=May 8, 2014|url=http://www.raco.cat/index.php/RevistaGirona/article/view/205896/274434|language=ca}}</ref>
⚫
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%

|-
⚫
The hymn begins with "{{lang|ca|italic=no|El gran Carlemany mon pare}}" ("Great Charlemagne my father")<ref name="GroupSachs1984">{{cite book|author1=Gale Group|author2=Moshe Y. Sachs|title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yO8XAQAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Gale Group|page=9|isbn=9780471886228}}</ref> and memorialises this view and celebrates the country's status as "the only remaining daughter of the Carolingian empire",<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmSYoANVCDkC&pg=PT41|title=Iberian Worlds|publisher=Routledge|date=September 28, 2010|last=McDonogh|first=Gary|isbn=9781135936969}}</ref> since it is the only remnant of the ''Marca Hispanica''.<ref name="Shelley" />
!Catalan original<ref>{{cite web|title=Andorra – ''El Gran Carlemany''|url=http://www.nationalanthems.me/andorra-el-gran-carlemany/|access-date=May 19, 2014|publisher=NationalAnthems.me}}</ref>

!Spanish
⚫
{| class="wikitable"
!French
!Catalan original<ref>{{Cite web|title=The anthem of the Principality of Andorra|url=http://www.consellgeneral.ad/micg/webconsell.nsf/DocsPerOpcio/77C874AC643AC6B3C1256B5A003497CA?Opendocument&idioma=cat|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113164150/http://www.consellgeneral.ad/micg/webconsell.nsf/DocsPerOpcio/77C874AC643AC6B3C1256B5A003497CA|archive-date=2007-11-13|access-date=2021-12-23|website=www.consellgeneral.ad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=SYMBOLES PRINCIPAUTE ANDORRE Andorra Ambassade Andorre Culture Andorre tourisme|url=http://www.andorra.be/fr/2.6.htm#2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050428075248/http://www.andorra.be/fr/2.6.htm#2|archive-date=2005-04-28|access-date=2021-12-23|website=www.andorra.be}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Himno nacional del Principado de Andorra|url=http://www.andorramania.net/hymne_es.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060612201833/http://www.andorramania.net/hymne_es.htm|archive-date=2006-06-12|access-date=2021-12-23|website=www.andorramania.net}}</ref>
!English translation<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4MNjT4QS0EC&pg=PA24|title=Andorra|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|date=September 1, 2008|last=Augustin|first=Byron|page=24|isbn=9780761431220}}</ref>
![[North-Western Catalan]] [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]{{efn|See [[Help:IPA/Catalan]] and [[Catalan phonology]].}}
|-
!Spanish translation<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthems & Patriotic Songs - Andorran National Anthem - El Gran Carlemany lyrics + Spanish translation |url=https://lyricstranslate.com/en/andorran-national-anthem-el-gran-carlemany-himno-de-andorra-el-gran-carlomagno.html |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=lyricstranslate.com |language=en}}</ref>
|style="font-family: Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif"|<poem>
!French translation<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthems & Patriotic Songs - Andorran National Anthem - El Gran Carlemany lyrics + French translation |url=https://lyricstranslate.com/en/andorran-national-anthem-el-gran-carlemany-hymne-dandorre-le-grand-charlemagne.html |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=lyricstranslate.com |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
El gran Carlemany, mon pare,
!English translation
dels alarbs em deslliurà,
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
⚫
I del cel vida em donà,
⚫
|<poem>{{lang|ca|italic=no|El gran Carlemany, mon pare,
dels alarbs em{{efn|Sometimes written {{lang|ca|[[wikt:me#Catalan|me]]}},<ref>{{Cite book|last=Freedman|first=Paul H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXBReIaQDW8C&dq=%22dels+alarbs+me+deslliur%C3%A0%22&pg=PA366|title=Images of the Medieval Peasant|date=1999|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-3373-1|language=en|page=366}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Escholier|first=Raymond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNEAAAAAMAAJ&q=%22dels+alarbs+me+deslliur%C3%A0%22|title=Mes Pyrénées de Gavarnie au Canigou|date=1962|publisher=Arthaud|language=fr|page=165}}</ref> which is the {{lang|ca|forma plena}} ("full form") of the weak (unstressed) first person singular [[Catalan personal pronouns|personal pronoun]], usually appended with a hyphen to verbs ending in a consonant when they are infinitives, gerunds or positive imperatives, while {{lang|ca|[[wikt:em#Catalan|em]]}} is the {{lang|ca|forma reforçada}} ("reinforced form"), usually used before verbs starting with a consonant when they are conjugated or negative imperatives, but in some [[varieties of Catalan]], it is replaced with the full form.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gramàtica essencial de la llengua catalana - Institut d'Estudis Catalans|url=https://geiec.iec.cat/capitol_veure.asp?id_gelc=261&capitol=13|access-date=2022-01-02|website=geiec.iec.cat}}</ref>}} deslliurà,
⚫
i del cel vida em donà
de Meritxell, la gran Mare.
de Meritxell, la gran Mare.


Princesa nasquí i Pubilla
Princesa nasquí i pubilla
entre dos{{efn|Sometimes written {{lang|ca|[[wikt:dues#Catalan|dues]]}},<ref>{{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Norman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4G_Cz9TF88C&pg=PR67|title=Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe|date=2011-10-27|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-196048-7|language=en|page=67}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vI2AQAAIAAJ&q=%22entre+dues+nacions,+neutral%22|title=El camí de Sant Jaume i Catalunya: actes del Congrés Internacional celebrat a Barcelona, Cervera i Lleida, els dies 16, 17 i 18 d'octubre de 2003|date=2007|publisher=Publicacións de l'Abadia de Montserrat|isbn=978-84-8415-820-2|language=ca|page=104}}</ref> which, although the feminine form in other [[varieties of Catalan]], is not used in the [[Northwestern Catalan]] of Andorra.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jornada|first=Associaó d'amics del professor Antoni M. Badia i Margarit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEd4UrRw-xkC&pg=PA165|title=Els mètodes en dialectologia: continuïtat o alternativa?|date=2005|publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|isbn=978-84-7283-798-0|language=ca|page=165|quote=In Ibizan and Western Catalan, on the other hand, after a period of coexistence, ''dos'' has triumphed as the feminine ...}}</ref>}} nacions, neutral;
entre dues nacions, neutral;
sols resto l'única filla,
sols resto l'única filla
de l'imperi Carlemany.
de l'imperi Carlemany.


Line 36: Line 44:
creient i lliure vull ser.
creient i lliure vull ser.
Siguin els furs mos tutors
Siguin els furs mos tutors
𝄆 i mos Prínceps defensors! 𝄇</poem>
𝄆 i mos Prínceps defensors! 𝄇}}</poem>
|<poem>{{IPA|wrap=none|[el‿ɣɾan kaɾ.le.ˈmaɲ {{!}} mon ˈpa.ɾe {{!}}]
⚫
|<poem>El gran Carlomagno, mi padre,
[ðelz‿a.ˈlaɾbz‿em‿ðez.ʎiw.ˈɾa {{!}}]
[i‿ðel sɛl‿ˈβi.ða‿m‿ðo.ˈna]
[ðe me.ɾi.ˈt͡ɕeʎ la‿ɣɾan ˈma.ɾe ǁ]

[pɾin.ˈse.za nas.ˈki‿i pu.ˈbi.ʎa]
[ˈen.tɾe‿ðos na.ˈsjonz‿new.ˈtɾal {{!}}]
[sɔl ˈres.to ˈlu.ni.ka ˈfi.ʎa]
[ðe lim.ˈpɛ.ɾi kaɾ.le.ˈmaɲ ǁ]

[kɾe.ˈjen i ˈʎiw.ɾe ˈon.ze ˈse.ɡles {{!}}]
[kɾe.ˈjen i ˈʎiw.ɾe‿βuʎ se ǁ]
[ˈsi.ɣin els fuɾz‿mos tu.ˈtos]
𝄆 [i mos ˈpɾin.seps de.fen.ˈsos ǁ] 𝄇}}</poem>
⚫
|<poem>{{lang|es|italic=no|El gran Carlomagno, mi padre,
me liberó de los árabes,
me liberó de los árabes,
Y del cielo vida me dio,
Y del cielo vida me dio
de Meritxell, la gran Madre,
de Meritxell, la gran Madre.


Princesa nací y heredera,
Princesa nací y heredera
entre dos naciones, neutral
entre dos naciones, neutral;
Soy la única hija que queda
soy la única hija que queda
del Imperio Carolingio.
del imperio Carlomagno.


Creyente y libre once siglos;
Creyente y libre once siglos,
creyente y libre quiero ser.
creyente y libre quiero ser.
¡Sean los fueros mis tutores
¡Sean los fueros mis tutores
𝄆 y mis Príncipes defensores! 𝄇</poem>
𝄆 y mis Príncipes defensores! 𝄇}}</poem>
|<poem>Le Grand Charlemagne mon père
|<poem>{{lang|fr|italic=no|Le Grand Charlemagne mon père
nous délivra des arabes
nous délivra des arabes
et du ciel me donna la vie,
et du ciel me donna la vie,
de Meritxell la grande Mère.
de Meritxell la grande Mère.


Je suis née Princesse héritière,
Je suis née princesse héritière
neutre entre deux nations,
neutre entre deux nations;
Je reste la seule fille
je reste la seule fille
de l'empereur Charlemagne.
de l'empire Charlemagne.


Croyante et libre onze siècles,
Croyante et libre onze siècles,
croyante et libre je veux demeurer
croyante et libre je veux demeurer.
Que les Fueros soient mes tuteurs
Que les fueros soient mes tuteurs
𝄆 et mes Princes mes défenseurs ! 𝄇</poem>
𝄆 et mes Princes mes défenseurs ! 𝄇}}</poem>
|<poem>The great Charlemagne, my father,
|<poem>The great [[Charlemagne]], my father,
from the Saracens liberated me
liberated me from the [[Saracen]]s,
And from heaven he gave me life,
and from heaven he gave me life
of Meritxell, the great Mother.
of [[Our Lady of Meritxell|Meritxell]], the great Mother.


I was born a princess and heiress
Princess, born Heiress
Into two nations, in neutrality;
between two nations, neutral;
I am the only remaining daughter,
I am the only remaining daughter
of the Carolingian empire.
of the [[Carolingian Empire|Carolingian empire]].


Faithful and free for eleven centuries,
Faithful and free for eleven centuries,
Faithful and free I will be.
Faithful and free I want to be.
The laws of the land be my tutors,
May [[Fuero|the laws]] be my tutors
𝄆 and my Princes<small>{{#tag:ref|Augustin's ''Andorra'' book reference incorrectly translates "Prínceps" as "princess". It should instead be "princes", alluding to the [[Co-Princes of Andorra]].|group=upper-alpha}}</small> defenders! 𝄇</poem>
𝄆 and [[Co-Princes of Andorra|my Princes]] defenders! 𝄇</poem>
|}
|}

⚫
==History==
⚫
"El Gran Carlemany" was composed by Enric Marfany Bons (1871–1942),<ref name="Maugendre1996">{{cite book|author=Xavier Maugendre|title=L'Europe des hymnes dans leur contexte historique et musical|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAtItyiK9ywC&pg=PA145|year=1996|publisher=Editions Mardaga|isbn=978-2-87009-632-1|page=145}}</ref> who was a priest.<ref name=Augustin>Augustin (2008), p. 99.</ref> The lyrics to the song were penned by [[Juan Benlloch i Vivó]] (1864–1926), who served as the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Bishop of Urgell]] from 1906 to 1919. This position also made him an ''ex officio'' [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co–Prince of Andorra]].<ref name=Augustin/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Not-so-Rough Guide to Andorra – The land that Europe forgot|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:TND1&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1338548EB32BEE08&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=105B9A93AF33E3E3|date=September 2, 2006|access-date=May 7, 2014|first=John|last=Lichfield|pages=26–27|newspaper=The Independent|location=London}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The song was officially designated as the country's national anthem on September 8, 1921,<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|title=Andorra|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/|access-date=May 7, 2014|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Country's Profile – Andorra|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en/team-andorra-profile|work=Sochi2014.com|publisher=Sochi 2014 Olympics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406222721/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/team-andorra-profile|archive-date=April 6, 2014|access-date=May 7, 2014}}</ref> when it was sung at the country's cathedral for the first time.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i00KAQAAIAAJ&q=Our+Lady+of+Meritxell+el+gran+carlemany|title=Principat D'Andorra, 1278&ndash;1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges – Recull Oficial D'informació|publisher=Casa de la Vall|year=1978}}</ref> The day it was adopted –&nbsp;September 8<ref name=Augustin/> – is the [[National Day]] of Andorra. This coincides with the feast day of [[Our Lady of Meritxell]], the country's patron saint who is mentioned in the lyrics.<ref name=CIA/>

==Context of lyrics==
⚫
The lyrics of "El Gran Carlemany" give a short account of Andorra's history "in a [[first-person narrative]]".<ref name=CIA/> It recounts the traditional Andorran [[legend]] that [[Charlemagne]] reconquered the region from the [[Moors]] between 788<ref name=Geyer>{{cite journal|last=Geyer|first=Helen|date=November 2013|title=Sprachpolitik und-praxis in Andorra|journal=Interlinguistische Informationen|volume=20|pages=68|publisher=Diputació de Girona|access-date=May 8, 2014|issn=1432-3567|url=http://www.interlinguistik-gil.de/wb/media/beihefte/20/beiheft20.pdf#page=68|language=de}}</ref> and 790, after the Catalan people had guided his army through the rugged valleys, which Charlemagne compensated with granting Andorra its independence,<ref>{{cite book|title=Principat D'Andorra, 1278&ndash;1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges : Recull Oficial D'informació|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i00KAQAAIAAJ|date=1978|publisher=Casa de la Vall}}</ref> and its first borders were delineated that same year.<ref name=Geyer/> It formed part of the ''[[Marca Hispanica]]'', a [[buffer zone]] formed by Charlemagne in order to protect his state (the [[Carolingian Empire]]).<ref name=Shelley>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qlXatHRJtMC&pg=PA8|title=Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders|publisher=ABC–CLIO|date=April 23, 2013|last=Shelley|first=Fred M.|page=8|isbn=9781610691062}}</ref> According to legend, he was responsible for restructuring the country, reintroducing [[Christianity]] to its people and overseeing the construction of monasteries. Because of these accomplishments, he was given "a mythical aura" and is regarded as the founder of Andorra.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pineda|first=Enric Bassegoda|year=2010|title=Carlemany No Va Conquerir Girona|journal=Revista de Girona|volume=261|pages=39|publisher=Diputació de Girona|access-date=May 8, 2014|url=http://www.raco.cat/index.php/RevistaGirona/article/view/205896/274434|language=ca}}</ref>

⚫
The hymn begins with "El gran Carlemany mon pare" ("Great Charlemagne my father"),<ref name="GroupSachs1984">{{cite book|author1=Gale Group|author2=Moshe Y. Sachs|title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yO8XAQAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Gale Group|page=9|isbn=9780471886228}}</ref> and memorializes this view and celebrates the country's status as "the only remaining daughter of the Carolingian empire,"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmSYoANVCDkC&pg=PT41|title=Iberian Worlds|publisher=Routledge|date=September 28, 2010|last=McDonogh|first=Gary|isbn=9781135936969}}</ref> since it is the only remnant of the Marca Hispanica.<ref name="Shelley" />


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist|group=upper-alpha}}


==References==
==References==
Line 100: Line 114:
{{National Anthems of Europe}}
{{National Anthems of Europe}}
{{Portal bar|Andorra|Music}}
{{Portal bar|Andorra|Music}}



{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}
Line 114: Line 127:
[[Category:Songs about kings]]
[[Category:Songs about kings]]
[[Category:Songs about emperors]]
[[Category:Songs about emperors]]
[[Category:Songs about celebrities]]
[[Category:National anthem compositions in G major]]

Latest revision as of 07:21, 1 September 2024

El gran Carlemany
English: The Great Charlemagne
National anthem of Andorra
LyricsJuan Benlloch i Vivó
MusicEnric Marfany Bons
Adopted8 September 1921
Audio sample
Official band instrumental version

"El gran Carlemany" (pronounced [əl ˈɣɾaŋ ˌkaɾləˈmaɲ]; "The Great Charlemagne") is the national anthem of the Principality of Andorra. Enric Marfany Bons composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by Joan Benlloch i Vivó, written in a first-person narrative from the point of view of Andorra. It was adopted as the national anthem on 8 September 1921, which is also the national day of Andorra. The lyrics make reference to several key aspects of Andorran culture and history, such as the heritage of the Carolingian Empire.

History

[edit]

"El Gran Carlemany" was composed by Enric Marfany Bons (1871–1942),[1] who was a priest.[2] The lyrics to the song were penned by Juan Benlloch i Vivó (1864–1926), who served as the Bishop of Urgell from 1906 to 1919. This position also made him an ex officio Co–Prince of Andorra.[2][3] The song was officially designated as the country's national anthem on 8 September 1921,[4][5] when it was sung at the country's cathedral for the first time.[6] The day it was adopted – 8 September[2] – is the National Day of Andorra. This coincides with the feast day of Our Lady of Meritxell, the country's patron saint, who is mentioned in the lyrics.[4]

Lyrics

[edit]

The lyrics of "El Gran Carlemany" give a short account of Andorra's history "in a first-person narrative".[4] It recounts the traditional Andorran legend that Charlemagne reconquered the region from the Moors between 788[7] and 790, after the Catalan people had guided his army through the rugged valleys, which Charlemagne compensated with granting Andorra its independence,[8] and its first borders were delineated that same year.[7] It formed part of the Marca Hispanica, a buffer zone formed by Charlemagne in order to protect his state (the Carolingian Empire).[9] According to legend, he was responsible for restructuring the country, reintroducing Christianity to its people and overseeing the construction of monasteries. Because of these accomplishments, he was given "a mythical aura" and is regarded as the founder of Andorra.[10]

The hymn begins with "El gran Carlemany mon pare" ("Great Charlemagne my father")[11] and memorialises this view and celebrates the country's status as "the only remaining daughter of the Carolingian empire",[12] since it is the only remnant of the Marca Hispanica.[9]

Catalan original[13][14][15] North-Western Catalan IPA[a] Spanish translation[16] French translation[17] English translation

El gran Carlemany, mon pare,
dels alarbs em[b] deslliurà,
i del cel vida em donà
de Meritxell, la gran Mare.

Princesa nasquí i pubilla
entre dos[c] nacions, neutral;
sols resto l'única filla
de l'imperi Carlemany.

Creient i lliure onze segles,
creient i lliure vull ser.
Siguin els furs mos tutors
𝄆 i mos Prínceps defensors! 𝄇

[el‿ɣɾan kaɾ.le.ˈmaɲ | mon ˈpa.ɾe |]
[ðelz‿a.ˈlaɾbz‿em‿ðez.ʎiw.ˈɾa |]
[i‿ðel sɛl‿ˈβi.ða‿m‿ðo.ˈna]
[ðe me.ɾi.ˈt͡ɕeʎ la‿ɣɾan ˈma.ɾe ǁ]

[pɾin.ˈse.za nas.ˈki‿i pu.ˈbi.ʎa]
[ˈen.tɾe‿ðos na.ˈsjonz‿new.ˈtɾal |]
[sɔl ˈres.to ˈlu.ni.ka ˈfi.ʎa]
[ðe lim.ˈpɛ.ɾi kaɾ.le.ˈmaɲ ǁ]

[kɾe.ˈjen i ˈʎiw.ɾe ˈon.ze ˈse.ɡles |]
[kɾe.ˈjen i ˈʎiw.ɾe‿βuʎ se ǁ]
[ˈsi.ɣin els fuɾz‿mos tu.ˈtos]
𝄆 [i mos ˈpɾin.seps de.fen.ˈsos ǁ] 𝄇

El gran Carlomagno, mi padre,
me liberó de los árabes,
Y del cielo vida me dio
de Meritxell, la gran Madre.

Princesa nací y heredera
entre dos naciones, neutral;
soy la única hija que queda
del imperio Carlomagno.

Creyente y libre once siglos,
creyente y libre quiero ser.
¡Sean los fueros mis tutores
𝄆 y mis Príncipes defensores! 𝄇

Le Grand Charlemagne mon père
nous délivra des arabes
et du ciel me donna la vie,
de Meritxell la grande Mère.

Je suis née princesse héritière
neutre entre deux nations;
je reste la seule fille
de l'empire Charlemagne.

Croyante et libre onze siècles,
croyante et libre je veux demeurer.
Que les fueros soient mes tuteurs
𝄆 et mes Princes mes défenseurs ! 𝄇

The great Charlemagne, my father,
liberated me from the Saracens,
and from heaven he gave me life
of Meritxell, the great Mother.

I was born a princess and heiress
between two nations, neutral;
I am the only remaining daughter
of the Carolingian empire.

Faithful and free for eleven centuries,
Faithful and free I want to be.
May the laws be my tutors
𝄆 and my Princes defenders! 𝄇

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ See Help:IPA/Catalan and Catalan phonology.
  2. ^ Sometimes written me,[18][19] which is the forma plena ("full form") of the weak (unstressed) first person singular personal pronoun, usually appended with a hyphen to verbs ending in a consonant when they are infinitives, gerunds or positive imperatives, while em is the forma reforçada ("reinforced form"), usually used before verbs starting with a consonant when they are conjugated or negative imperatives, but in some varieties of Catalan, it is replaced with the full form.[20]
  3. ^ Sometimes written dues,[21][22] which, although the feminine form in other varieties of Catalan, is not used in the Northwestern Catalan of Andorra.[23]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Xavier Maugendre (1996). L'Europe des hymnes dans leur contexte historique et musical. Editions Mardaga. p. 145. ISBN 978-2-87009-632-1.
  2. ^ a b c Augustin (2008), p. 99.
  3. ^ Lichfield, John (2 September 2006). "The Not-so-Rough Guide to Andorra – The land that Europe forgot". The Independent. London. pp. 26–27. Retrieved 7 May 2014. (subscription required)
  4. ^ a b c "Andorra". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  5. ^ "Country's Profile – Andorra". Sochi2014.com. Sochi 2014 Olympics. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  6. ^ Principat D'Andorra, 1278–1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges – Recull Oficial D'informació. Casa de la Vall. 1978.
  7. ^ a b Geyer, Helen (November 2013). "Sprachpolitik und-praxis in Andorra" (PDF). Interlinguistische Informationen (in German). 20. Diputació de Girona: 68. ISSN 1432-3567. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  8. ^ Principat D'Andorra, 1278–1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges : Recull Oficial D'informació. Casa de la Vall. 1978.
  9. ^ a b Shelley, Fred M. (23 April 2013). Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders. ABC–CLIO. p. 8. ISBN 9781610691062.
  10. ^ Pineda, Enric Bassegoda (2010). "Carlemany No Va Conquerir Girona". Revista de Girona (in Catalan). 261. Diputació de Girona: 39. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  11. ^ Gale Group; Moshe Y. Sachs (1984). Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Gale Group. p. 9. ISBN 9780471886228.
  12. ^ McDonogh, Gary (28 September 2010). Iberian Worlds. Routledge. ISBN 9781135936969.
  13. ^ "The anthem of the Principality of Andorra". www.consellgeneral.ad. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  14. ^ "SYMBOLES PRINCIPAUTE ANDORRE Andorra Ambassade Andorre Culture Andorre tourisme". www.andorra.be. Archived from the original on 28 April 2005. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  15. ^ "Himno nacional del Principado de Andorra". www.andorramania.net. Archived from the original on 12 June 2006. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  16. ^ "National Anthems & Patriotic Songs - Andorran National Anthem - El Gran Carlemany lyrics + Spanish translation". lyricstranslate.com. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  17. ^ "National Anthems & Patriotic Songs - Andorran National Anthem - El Gran Carlemany lyrics + French translation". lyricstranslate.com. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  18. ^ Freedman, Paul H. (1999). Images of the Medieval Peasant. Stanford University Press. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-8047-3373-1.
  19. ^ Escholier, Raymond (1962). Mes Pyrénées de Gavarnie au Canigou (in French). Arthaud. p. 165.
  20. ^ "Gramàtica essencial de la llengua catalana - Institut d'Estudis Catalans". geiec.iec.cat. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  21. ^ Davies, Norman (27 October 2011). Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe. Penguin Books Limited. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-14-196048-7.
  22. ^ El camí de Sant Jaume i Catalunya: actes del Congrés Internacional celebrat a Barcelona, Cervera i Lleida, els dies 16, 17 i 18 d'octubre de 2003 (in Catalan). Publicacións de l'Abadia de Montserrat. 2007. p. 104. ISBN 978-84-8415-820-2.
  23. ^ Jornada, Associaó d'amics del professor Antoni M. Badia i Margarit (2005). Els mètodes en dialectologia: continuïtat o alternativa? (in Catalan). Institut d'Estudis Catalans. p. 165. ISBN 978-84-7283-798-0. In Ibizan and Western Catalan, on the other hand, after a period of coexistence, dos has triumphed as the feminine ...
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=El_gran_Carlemany&oldid=1243404841"